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WANTED KNOWN
SCIENCE
THE CHINA MAIL MONDAY, JUNE 10, 1957,
&
ENGINEERING
UK STEELWORKS USES NUCLEAR
NUCLEAR-POWERED SHIP MEASUREMENT
Giant Tanker
Will Pay
Its Own Way
By TREVOR BLORE
Some of Britain's best scientists, nava! architects, engineers and specialist naval officers are now busy at several centres on the groundwork for building a giant tanker which is expected to be the world's first nuclear-powered merchant ship to operate on a sound commercial basis.
Britain is not competing in the race to produce the first nuclear-powered merchant vessel, irrespective of cost and other economic considera- tions.
Most advanced projecte in Britain still holds first place in this field are the American de- the world. velopments Ich
for
atomic' an merchantmaz to be completed by early 1000 and the Russian project for building an atomle- powered leebreaker."
ΕΡΩΤΟΤ PIMPLES? 'ÉSKAMEL'
AWU BR
Get a handy jube. Toky
aveable from leading Dupensaries and stores.
MUSICAL THERE IS NO BUSINESS like Show Buana Wo have all the "Bugs of Broadway" sich Show Bost, Street boene, Kine Me Kate, South Pacific, Poler Pac, Kinovel, L' Ab- Der, Bella sow Ringing. Aroby mod Mehitabel Pal Joey, Most Happy Feller (complete with dialogia) and a bual of siber titles. We are going all out in providing the latest popular and novelty numbers for all to ga 19y. Call at Lance & Co., 200 Alexandra House, Telephobos 30166,
35057.
TUITION GIVEN
MODERN BALLROUM DANCING: Private Benson all latest dances Montré And exjoy social acco Chain cogidance; Tony Wong.
Woamershong Road.
STAMPS
STAMP ALBUMS "Collection Builder" series New stock now svaliable, $3. From South Chimá Morning Post Ltd., Wyndhain Street and Salisbury Read. Kowloon,
SOMETTING EXCLUSIVE, Collec- lors packets of arsuried BALINDA From 20 cents per packet upward. An chürely new series. South China Morning Pust Ltd. Wyndian Breek, Hongkong arid Salisbury Road. Kowloon,
TO ADVERTISERS
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Telophons 7$491.
NEW TERRITORIES
FANLING UN LONG
SHEUNG SHUI DISTRICTS. THE CHINA MAIL
is obtainable
from th SHEUNG SHUI
STATION STALL JHLUNG SHUL KAILWAY STATION,
Orders Accepted, Deliveries Undartsken,
They will have, the benent of lessons learned in the years of
research conducted by Admiralty scientists preparing for the construction of Bikain's Butas In the case of first atomic-powered submaring, turbine marine propulsion, Dreadnought. where the Shell tanker Auris was the Brat ship to operate pu normal commercial runs with Not that the shipping in- this form of power-Britain is dustry self has been backward preparing the first atomic, in this Beld, as far as their
economics have permitted. The merchant vesaol which will pay 119
British Shipbuilding basis
Research of
Association has had
team working for a couple of years on the atomic marine restoreh problem for marine propulsion at the main British alomte research centre at Harwell,
on Why
+
operational costs.
That is why it has been decided to build an atomically powered oil tanker of about 80,000 deadweight tons, costing between £10,000,000 and £12,000,000 and ready fur service within six years,
Brilish shipping experts long recognised that, at least for a start the only type of ship which could economically justly the building and installation of An atomic furnace to provide 'driving power would be a glant oil tanker. This is because such ships spend nearly all their time at sea, since
high- speed pumps can load or dis- charge their vast cargoes at | terminal ports in a matter of
hours.
For most other cargo-carrying ships there are long periods of iying at a wharf loading or dis- charging goods.
This requires
an uneconomic damping down' of the atomie furnace,
для
hugs
The nature and design of an oil tanker also lend themselves betier Lo a Bize which will accommodate and justify alumic furnace. The Cxpension in size of oil tankerS and ore carriers in recent years, up to 100,000 tons deadweight, has demonstrated the feasiblilty of such unita even with conven- tional machinery.
such
Another feature of Britain's atomic tanker Win be high Speed, probably between 28 and 30 knots. To achleve speeds with oil-burning boilers for steam or diesel engines is uneconomic in fuel consumption, but with a nuclear reactor us furnace I will be justified.
The reactor for the British lanker will probably be an improved and modified gas- cooled Type, developed from that in use at the Calder Hall power piation in Britain, with a heat transfer system to special steam turbines, Ond engineer. ing group is already working on the development of such spécisi turbines.
An
Д
10,000-ton deadweight hull will allow for such Installation, and adapting the Calder Hall system to Maritime purposes will save much money compared with the reported. American Intention of ulang a nuclear reactor similar to the expensive system installed in the United States Navy submarine Nautilus, the firgl vessel ever to be powered with nuclear energy..
Much MKATO expensive research would be necessary in Britain
to produce a reactor compact enough for a ship of 20,000 tons, and thig would also require very highly enriched nuclear fuel, which would add heavily to operational costs,
Although the weight of the reactor and its vital protective sereening against radiation will heavy in the projected Brilla tantoor, experts, predict that it may well be less than that of conventional machinery together with the bunkty fuci requireă för o vessef of thất also. The positioning of the hoY reactor, in the hull to best effect, is the big problem being studied by nifval architects,
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The atomic tankar project in being carried forward as a combined operation between thë Admiralty shid the shipping- shipbuilding Industry, In which
And five groups of engineer- ing companies in the United Kingdom are engaged in work design and development studies connected with renelor
furnaces suitable for ships.
011
In one operation this large inultiple machine drills and counter-bores the rivet holes in brake Baings. It is just one of the many machines In, use at the Béttish Dim of Ferodo Limited... the world's largest single factory devoted exclusively to the manufacture of frictión materials, At this British firm research engineers are constantly experimenting to find the perfect brake lining in the interests of road safety. When now brake lining material is being developed other factors besides the frictional properties must be considered.
MANDRAKE THE MAGICIAN
TUB SAW.YOUR ACT TONIGHT, THOUGHT IT WAS GREAT. HE'S A MAGIC BUG. WANTS_ TO GEE YOU. --
WANTC
MY AUTO- GRAPH?
FERDINAND
NANCY
BUT YOU PROMISED
TO TAKE ME. TO THE ZOO TO SEE THE ANIMALS
I DUNNO. JUST WANTO TO 656 YOU.
I HATE
ZOOS--
TELL MR, TUB IM NOT AT THE BECK AND CALLOFA HOODLUM--
ARE YOU PARTICULAR WHAT KIND OF ANIMALS
YOU SEE?
THEY
BORE
ME
NO-- ANY KIND
JOHNNY HAZARD
YIPE! ONE GOT THROUGH TO US TAKE
EVASIVE ACTION, JOHNNY!.
-THE ONLY. PLACE I WANT TO SEE HIM IS BEHIND BARS,
HOW ABOUT BEARS AND BEAVERS ?
SWELL
I WILL IF YOU'LL GIVE ME SOME POWER, TREVI GOT THE THROTTLE TO THE WALL, BUT WE'RE LOSING AIRSPEEPI
CAN YOU
By Lee Falk 'and Phil Davis
GE ME, OR ANYONE ELSE TELLING TUB
THAT?
LOOK, PAL, STOP HMM-- THECHATTER AND THE MOST COME ALONG. INSISTENT NOBODY ARGUES ... FAN EYER WITH TUB.
MET!
By Mik
By Ernie Bushmiller
BEARS vs BEAVERS.
O
| APAREHEM
By, Frank Robbin
G-GOT THE NUCLEAR-POWER CONTROL RODS FULLY RETRACTED, B-BUT OUR TURBINE R.P.MES ARG FALLING RAPIDLY "FRAID THAT BABY HIT US WHERE IT HURTSOUR POWER PLANTI
Radio-active material is being used at a Shef- field steelworks for measuring the thickness of fast moving hot strip by non-contact means. The effect of the new installation-thought to be the first of its kind in the world—is to improve the. quality of steel strip.
Previously strip was measured of recording has the very con- by hand every low minutes at siderable advantage of indieni- bie end of a coll, the gauge ing clearly in a small space the mcntures the thickness of the trend of a large number of strip at all points,
A radio-active source and a does not act on Individual strips strips. In general the operator radiation delector are placed on but observes a trend before ether side of the strip. The taking action. intensity of radiation falling na
the detector varies with strip
The equipment comprises five
UK unit.
The measuring head
consists
of two units, the source
detector. and the
-unit
These
two
either
thickness causing the detector main units: electronic cabinet, output to vary. These varia display board, operator's control lichs, after passing through desk, source unit and detector electronic equipment, are traced on a panel containing rows of different coloured lights pre- senting a "ree at a glance" ple ture of the longitudinal profie of the whole strip. A Creed unts are mounted on teleprinter provides a permanent side of the steel strip so that record in digital form.
the radiation from the source la directed at the delector, In passing through the strip, a cer lain amount of the radiation is absorbed, depending on the thickness of the metal, and thus the intensity of radiation reach- ing the defector is reduced,
Any variation
thickness in causes a corresponding variation in the radiation being measured
The display board comprises 48 vertical row of 5 coloured amps. The middle, green lamps indicate that the strip thickness 15 well Inside specified limits: the adjacent amber rows signify and the Just insido, outer red rows, that It is out- side limits. The tolerance limit can be set on the Instrument to sult the rolling specification which is usually in the region of 0.002 Inches to 0.010 inches,
that is
Each vertical lamp row re- presents the mean thickness of that length of strip, which pass ed through the gauge during a one cand integrating period, The lampe one in each vertical row-thus come on at about one second intervals, until the whole length of the strip has passed the gauge.
By thi time the longitudinal
thickness
profile of the whole strip is displayed on the lamp bourd, which remains all until the leading edge of the next strip enters the gauge.
פריג
teleprinter hus been adapted to print signs represent- Ing thickness error. This form
There's More than Magic in
FRY'S A
They
"FAVOURITES
are Delicious
CUTEX
LIPSTICK
IN THE
LATEST
SHADES
ROWNTREES
YORK
CHOCOLATR........ ~~
A FAMOUS
NAME IN CHOCOLATE
***
this situation
calls for a
San Miguel
by the detector and associated electronics. It is therefore a simple matter to calibrate the instrument directly in units of thickness.
unit houses the The source atted with special equipment radio-active source and is also
which is brought into opera- tion only when the Instrument switches itself to "standardis/", In this condition, a signal from the electronis unit causes
cylinder to place a pneumatiė clycular dise of metal standard thickness over the radio-active source.
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The instrument then med- sures this standard. and, if necessary, adjusts itself to give There are, in correct reading. fact, six standard metal dises in the courbe unit and the ap- propriate png is preselected by means of a control, on the operator'a control
desk. The housed in a complete unit is mugged water-cooled jacket
A cabinet contains the elec tronics
which amplify signals from the delectar. The output from the amplifer is red to a discriminator which classi fles cach signal into one of five the levels, depending upon "magnitude of the signal, which มา turmi Kepends upen the average thickness of strip passing through the measuring head during the approplate
second,
مطا
The five devels are arranged to represent out of tolerançe positive, intermediate positive, nominal thickness, intermediate negative, out of tolerance nega- tive. The five levels are re- presented by five banks of a uniselector which is stepping round at ant steand. intervals aver flity contacts cacti,
Once every second; an
im- pulse is applied to one of the live uniselector banks depend÷ Ing on the voltage the signat entering the discriminator. The impulse will be fed to one of the uniscidelor contacts and the appropriate reisy will operated, Each ünlselector bank therefore represents one of the five conditions of thick- ness-(Slool, Peoch & Tozər Ltd., Rotherham, England. Gauge developed by the Bald. win Instrument Co. Ltd, Dart furd, Kent, England).
PORTABLE PUMP FILTER
A new
portable pump Alter giving on output of filtered water of high bacteriological purity from Impure sources at the rato gallons per hour was shown for the first time at the 1957 British
of 20
Industries Fair (Castle Bromwich, Birmingham, May 6 to 17).
Already tried out with marked success in tropical countries; at is now going into quantity pro- duction. It is easy to work, and there is nothing to go wrong if it is properly used weighing only a litle more than Ave pounds. It is ideal
for survey parties, explorers, and for uso la armed services.
The punty Alter "Sterary!" process; pathogenic dacases germs are removed from impure water supplies by porous Ceramic filter caxidión and sub- equently destroyed by the fonte process trean "Sterné71"; số, that the filter candles do not requiro boiling from time to time,
The manufacturers -- British- Barkefeld Filters Ltd, of Town. Mills, Canton Lane Tonbridge, Kent, Englendinti (spilt válað, be exhibitig a full range of water Alters for industrial and doogstle wery solfstorilling 'codile for államoköt of fillers, domnestic water softeners” and