Page 4)
T
by
Cummi
THE CHINA MAIL,
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1957.
showed a gain for amounted, in fact, to a con- and had block- Presidium
with four of his teiston that the Soviet economy ed his attempt Khrushchev, t.o complete supporters against the ageing had by no means improve as a
Shvornik, But they were more 'result of Khrushchev's rule. the ruin of than balanced by the presence Meanwhile, Khrushchey' Malenkov.
of Marshal Zhukov; for the first name ceased to appear much in time the Boviet Army was re- the Press, and almost nothling
The 20th Con- presented at the highest level was said the In the other important body economic
KKCES
of
4
THE SOVIET
even in December's moplasts about his -
POWER STRUGGLE
with his
મ
Every year since 1952 hod seen at least one convulsion in
Soviet Com- the Secretariat Khrushchev favourite project, the virgin munist Party had maintained his grip. His op- larida, at one time the Soviet bean prepared ponent, Suslov, however, re- newspapers' main theme. for February. moined his "number two," The prospects for Khrushchev were
the During the year, Khrushchev the power struggle in had continued his policles. In home USSR. The year 1950, starting He Rood,
ካር Blood (against with the denunciation of Stalin packed the lower affairs,
for 11 Party orguna Malenkov)
tough pro and ending with the fighting in sup-gramme of dustrialisation with portera Bod it no concessions to the consumer
of and for the strengthening Soviet agriculture by opening
the
lands of up
virgin Kazakhstan. In foreign affairs (against Molotov) he stood for
deadlock his breaking the
to altract the win- neutrals and in particular
Yugoslava back into ning the the Soviet bloc.
was
expected that re would
be prepared to use his majority
19 rkl himself inally rivals.
Д
Aur-
price Khrushchev's industrial and
Icroign polletes his support, but had also saved Malenkov, and was not it seems plain there prepared to submit to a Khrush
J. E. M. Arden
of
the
manoeuvres
hence
on Yugoslav
potential Europe,
Stalins,
seen
by
the
HE year 1956 began But, before the voting took
with Khrushchev and place, Mikoyan struck
blow.
had Kiven his supporters having apparently consolidatedl their positions in every sphere. In 1954 Malenkoy was removed. from office;
chev dictatorship. He suddenly The Communist world was 1955. and in
Molatov's
Jaunched on attack on Stalin. shaken by the publication of the
10 purticularly
whe foreign policy line had been referring
which Secret Speech, for whose plainly
(whatever voted down in the Central execution
fall Khrush- Khrushchev's intentions) to de- chey had breon molish the whole myth that personally re- Soviet rule had been beneficent. with Yugoslavia ponsible. This The extente Burprise attack was bought at the price of per-
discussion on Stalles (and
of milting
alternative in Eastern these them Between and two developments resulted in, first, the rising at Poznan and by implication first. Khrushchev himself) second, the bloodless revolution Committee. He himself had
destruction plons been
Hun publicly rebuked. wrecked
regime in Khrushchev might have made.
of Khrushchev had not yet
reimposition In the hastily contrived Secret of the Stolintst
gary. The chose the
Stalinism
arms dis by Soviet managed to eliminate his Speech, Khrushchev
iktio "if you can't beat them, rupted the Communist move- rivals from the all-powerful
by taking over the ment
ment In many countries and
the
Yugoslavs and most of the neutral nations. Khrushchev's foreign policy was thus a total failure. Moreover, Zhukov and the army leaders are known to have been ex- tremely angry about the Hun- and to have garian altuation thrown all their weight behind the policy of military interven
They tion.
can hardly have regarded the events that led to
ONL
any
that in Poland and the dest
Party Presidium where in Jen them."
anti-Stalina campaign ns if he finally alienated
ever.
84
spite of their loss of in- had been an anti-Stalinist all
their fluence outside,
in- uns thrue"
When it came to the voting, dividual votes counted
the old Presidium was elected much as
Morcover,
in full
Agreed blocs are for- though a majority of the bidden by the Party and this
was quite unprecedented, Presidium was prepared to
But let him try out his own policies, most of them were in no way dependent on him
and
FOR
plain seems
that the Presidium had mutually agreed to maintain the status que, The candidate membership of the
the anti-Stalin flop
"ZORIC DRYCLEANING"
CARPET SHAMPOOING
Call
59195
for collection
THE STEAM LAUNDRY CO.
EXPRESS ANNUAL
Kod Acton, Thrith Ev
Aghting this Khrushchev
in:
light.
first
The Khrushchev's
1.3
WRITERS revolt
in
NOT
How much the October rising in Hungary owed to the intellectuals has now been acknowledged by suppression of the authors" The origins of ciations.
tho MESO-
this
forment are here traced back to 1953.
By ANTHONY RHODES
by arrangement with
THE DAILY TELEGRAPH ·
OT long ago two wellknown Hungarian writers, the would like to see an example that Rakol, the dictator of Hungary, returned from Moscow playwright Gyula Hay (who has just been arrested) of his own art.
in July, 1956. In the Irodalmi By the evening of the Ujang leading articles were now and Peter Veres, visited Mr Kadar, the head of the Soviet- backed Government, to obtain permission to publish a day when the paper appear- appearing under titles much as now literary newspaper. "Literature is still not in our ed the editor had been dis- "Sen water is salty," in which A.V.H. secret an imaginary Government was programme," Kadar is reported to have said. "Permission missed, and
depicted persuading a servilo police had confiscated every people that sca water was is. not granted. Good-day!"
The entire leader- femonade. Liberal and revolutionary movements in Hungary ship of the Writers' Asso- At first Rakosi ignored these have always been born in literary surroundings. It is as clation resigned in protest. barbs. Then the Press meeting if in countries without deep democratic roots the intellco Three months later, after of Peloen circle "Fascist" DR
copy.
Interference,
the
Two
war and
tuals consider themselves as having a political mission similar examples of Govern- denounced Two writers in their lives as well as in their works. Petoefi in 1848, ment
the "reactionary," Gallilei in 1918, the anti-Fascists of 1942--all were Writers' Association drew were expelled from the party, and Rakosi began a more up a memorandum of pro- general purge. Ho announced- test, a copy of which was his intention of arresting sou:0 of The Petoen not without 400 members presented,
#
WORKERS' COUNCIL
"NO HONOUR, NO PITY, NO HUMANITY ?
NOTHING BUT THIS'
COMRADESHIP IN HUNGARY
showing Hungary, had, shaken Soviet the favourable Communism 1
more than previous ones. There has even among that been open disaffection sign rivaly
were students, workers and subject making 2
Was races
USSR comebackc
to the Neither Molotov's appointment
concessions Ministry of State Control, which pression have proved adequate. into an If Khrushchev falls, we might ho rapidly converted effective apparatus for control-
In
the
nor
M
5
World Copyright by arrangement with the Nencheur Gvardian
irony, to the Soviet Ambas circle who attended the Press sador as well as to the Hun- meeting..
garian Communist party.
The discontent of the in-
tellectuals had now come
out into the open. To under-
We scu remarkable effect of
tho tho
stand its origins we must go IT is now that back to 1953, when the "liberalisation" policy then Kossuth Club was founded being followed in Moscow. for intellectuals univer. Some of Rakosi's associates,
anxious to keep in with Bity professors, writers,
immdiately rushed to the lawyers, and so on. Within Ambassador and asked for help, this club, a smaller club soon saying that this would lead to war, Whereupon the formed, the now famous civil Petoen circle younger in- Soviet Minister Mikoyan arrived by air from Moscow. Soon tellectuals who began to Rokost had to resign for "health arrange a series of talks reasons."
and lectures on subjects of The deduction drawn by Hungarian writers from many general interest: history, all this is that the "liberalisa- economics, philosophy, jour- tion" polley in Russia was in nalism.
These talks were at first with proper
more
liberal
fact working in their
favour
conducted and that if the demands of the have
Marxist Hungarian people could
decorum; but as soon as
the been kept within limits, they trends from might have achieved much. But Moscow showed the way in at the crucial moment, on Oct. 1954 they became polemiens, 24, the "Stalinist" elements in Russia gained the upper hand and even critical.
and sent in the tanks,
The meetings grew so popular that the audience overflowed on to the stairs. The philosophy meeting, presided over
by the well-known Marxist philosopher George Lukacs (now in
had to move to a bigger hall.
The climax came at the end
literary men whom the State hardly dared to touch in until 3 a.m. in the most un their political activities.
Communism has always paid much lip-service to entired quite simply
08
wns
of July, at a Press meeting which continued from 0 p.nl.
bridled fashion. Here criticism was not even equivocal; the
Hungarian Pres A list of writers and journalists who had been dis-
over the
years to missed
Sabad Nep, the party organ, for independent views was recited: and some speakers asked if it write was possible both to honestly and 10 be a Communist.
"culture." But the notion that writers in Communist Western illusion, countries are all servile hacka is a which the Hungarian revolution has done much destroy,
+
from
Adversity has sharpened the Hungarian mind, and Batire is the literary weapon most
feared by dictator- published his "Poem to
It was known that among the ship.
No one in fact did Minister" in the literary audience were a number of AV.H. men out of uniform, It AV.f more than the intellectuals paper Irodalmi Ujsag.
taking names; but such was the was addressed to Durvas, hendy
of enthusiasm
the to promote the revolt:
one of them the Minister of Culture, and speakers that
take names.
n
expect some fairly Bing the Government machinery, intelligent mtempt to cope want.
And the situation by Malenkov and Khrushchev's
position thus become
extremely shaky others. If Khrushchev remains,
the 1956, and, in December,
anything
In might happen. Central Commitice anet again. either case, the regime is now In August, 1955, over it suggested sarcastically shouted, "Never mind! Let them
They will Its political decisions were not known to be far from stable,
a year before the rising, that as Darvas had given be powerless." mado then
public. But Is Not only Khrushchev, but Com-
the poet Benjamin (once an such precise instructions on It was against such a back- economic announcements were munism itself, faces a doubtful
write, everyone ground of intellectual ferment already
They and dangerous year. revealing.
enthusiastic
to Communist) how
soon
POCKET CARTOON by OSBERT LANCASTER
nothing but a crazy, mixed- sy, corporation lawyer, at least, ho could make up his mind exactly tohich river ho's selling us down.".
WILD BILL HALEY GIVES A LECTURE FOR THE CATS
...with a line thrown in for strictly-Bach boys
LAUNNY thing, but the
F
people who condemn rock 'n' roll have rarely heard or seen a rock 'n' roll show.
by FRANK MOORE
Wo played to the kids-we used to go to their schools and give them a session before built up Now least half of our side, siamping and singing in lesson started-and
the beat after we'd closely vime nudlences are adult.
with the band.” Bu, no watched the effect different In Sydney during our Aus- lot.
tour, the audiences human tralian
Whenever I'm asked what I pieces had on them. I suppose it's
When the kids' shoulders were three-quarters adult and think of the rock 'n' roll riote, I nature for people to con- drawn from'nil classes,
always ask: "WHAT RIOTS?" staried moving, their feet Lap- demn what they do not I expect these Mums and I remember reading about ging and their hands clapping, understand. The unknown Dads must have helped to buy one riot," and perhaps the in- we knew that tune or style was has always been frighten- some of the twenty-two million cident will give you a clue to worth keeping.
discs of ours that have ing.
been what really happens,
It was at Atlanta, Georgia, The boys in the band era Gold.
Spanish Certainly this has always
guitarist Franny It's a stack of platters-world, last spring. been so in modern popular record, they tell me to kravo Inside
the ball park where Beecher, accordionist Johnny and singer music. I suppose many of been bought by teenagers we were playing were 11,000 Grande, guitarist
youngsters. Outside the galo Bill Willamson, bass Addies Al the present critics of rock alone!
Ralph Jones, 'n' roll were once condemned In Austraila, too, it's worth were two youngsters who didn't Rex, drummer
that rock 'n' roll had have the money to get in... by their elders for dancing been banned from radio stations
noting the Charleston and Black in Sydney and Adelaide. Bottom..
Condemned
After we played there and the the local people had seen showa foy themselves the radio hang were lifted.
It's quite true that teenager
clap. Adults too!
Smashed
So they mashed some soft wall drink bottles rgains; the
saxophonist Rudy Pompili, and
I guess you know mo from the curl that won't keep away from my forehead.
I've worn it ever since I made my debut as a kid in a hillbilly outat. Now it's my like a letter C-and stends, of course, for Comets!
I can remember when Frank et excited and they cheer and and screamed when the police trade-mark, I suppose. It looks
It
We all come from the annya
He Thirties have on their parents?
Non at all, y:
ordered them to move on. Sinatra web condemned by But people got excited at Next thing I saw the local
WRIC headlining and cricket matches papers people, who preferred good old football Bing
(even abusive sometimes) and "Another Rock 'n' Roll Rio"
fact
district in Pennsylvania, play band that driving rhythm. Then
condemn football' And that's Johnny Ray was con- that doesn't demned by people who preferred and cricket.
I have a feeling that rock 'n' and relax together and aim to is our official worrier, too.
The foot la that Jazz has how
rospectabló 'He worries about baggage and become a
anti good old Sinatra,
The furthest things ever got, roli got a bad name because we stay together for a long time to Then it was Elvis Presley's on our Australian tour, was in played it in the fim "Black come.
transport schedules, the weather, fashionable cult for intellec«-- board turn. In fact he is a vory, like- Brisbane.
Jungle." People got the
Franny Boccher has a faco and everything elsợ,
tunis, p nblo
The cheering crowd forget its ides rock 'n' roll was juvenile ja rubber
It will be so in a few years. young man and a very
that he can `pull food artist. He faces brillant manners and insisted on a delinquency's theme mimic,
on with Rock 'n' Roll futuro if he's properly managed, further encore from the Comets. That's not so. Rock 'n' roll is into any old shape he likes, His I've been asked what effect
They'll be collecting early youngsterst toll you
them and analysing ane significant after the show had omelilly the music of healthy young voice seems built on the same will things about rock 'n' roll. At closed with the traditional sing people. Not the jazzane ait ple
when we started, sudiences
loft over from their parents'
His is the figh-pitched volco It this question means what gravely,
Meanwhile the youngsters. Lasting effect will it have on wone almost wholly made up of Int of "God Save The Queen."
un day. Not the swing of their that says "See you later, Align their behaviour and morals, the as always discovered it fin In Australia that s of South China Morning Post Ltd. tager hen parents began precedented,
hat younger uncles and aunts,
tor!" Maybe you know the ons
vart answer very¦¦ imply la "Nome Good luck, to thomfor come to 200 and hear, for The Brisbane Courier-Mell But a beat that is all theis 7 mo
at all,"
Next week I'll tell how themselvomthat our shows reported.
What Ralph Jones, the drummer,
effect, did Jazz and started Rock 'n' Roll 80 900 wire whole
"Whole rows of the audienco "I know because I got it from
plays a big part in giving the swing of the Twenties and you Inter, Alligators oundren
kwayed in /uhlson from side to them.
HONG KONG & KOWLOON'
$10
to
*for
their
OWD
.rock
have