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A CENTURY OF ROYAL TRAINS
By PETER LOVEGROVE
Queen Victoria bestowed the accolade, of respectability on railway travel 111 years ago when she became the first British reigning monarch to make a train journey... The Queen had been nervous about It, and it was only after much persuasion and reassurance from the Prince Consort that she decided to go from Slough to Paddington, a Journey which took 25 minutes.
disapprovill in the House of Commons.
n
for
few
with
W31
THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, JULY 14, 1953.
Stanley Burch opens the ROSENBERG DOSSIER
Begins a 4-day narrative of the biggest spy case of our day and one that mirrors the dilemma of a generation
JULIUS ROSENBERG
Twas D-Day when the Rosenberg story open- ed,
ETHEL ROSENBERG
丸
Her recklessness was at. quilted and covered in watered tacked by some newspapers, silk, and there is a double floor niled with cork, and a very thick one even hinting at the in- overlay of felt and deep-piled advisability of risking an- carpet to denden the noise of King Ed- other
the running and regency with country in its state then, word VII's luxurious rolling- stock of 1003, furnished ke while Colonel Sibthorpe, "
years MP for Lincoln, voiced his royal sacht, which was used
nearly forty
until it few alterations
by the present
ed her living in an office. With King Edward's saloon had
second-hand furniture, but high hopes, they set up home in The Queen's aaloon, built by
bedsteads and silver-plated the Great Western Railway, was
Bat in low-rent three-roomed andi large with
over-stuffed chair
two While Eisenhower's New York, raised
baby decorated handsomely
Michael and Robort hanging sofas in the rich style seins, polished tables and white
and mouldings,troops were assaulting the boys,
Jullus worked of Louis XIV, and the walls enamel panels
beaches of Normandy a mild, while
civilian employee of the Army's were panelled out in the some During World War One, silver- baths in leak casings
hard-up young New York Signal Corps. elegant manner, and, fitted up plated with rich crimson and while were added,
couple started on a course
In 1945 they sacked him on silk and exquisitely executed
of conspiracy which gave to the accusation that he was paintings representing the four
the starkest of member of the Communist elements.
Russia
secrets the Parly, and he went America's secret of the atom bomb prosperously into business in a On and took the two of them at series of machine shops.
June 17, 1950--when he was last to the electric chair. 82FBI men came to arrest two him and, later, his wife,
that years older, on a churge they had conspired to transmit defence secrets 10 Rustiu through the Soviet vice-consul, Anatoli Yakovlev.
The end compartments were also Btted up in the same style, each apartment having in the centre an ornamental rosewood table, while the Boars wer covered with chequered India matting.
Royal
DEFINITE IDEAS Nowadays Royalty travels mere simply. Only two trains exist:
the one coverS
London and Journey between Ballater. the station for Balmoral, and the other lakes Royalty to Sandringham. When travelling
in the south the
sout Queen today uses T
n train Puliman ordinary
For all its demonstration Since, that historic day, the Spulence in railway craftsman- great Queen and her descendants hip, perhaps the chief interest
exhibition lies in have made countless railway in tha journeys, and to celebrate the picture of royal travellers and 11 revelations about the Coronation of her great-great-
the British haracter of Queen Victoria, granddaughter,
has staged Commission
CORONATION EXHIBITION
Transport
a fascinating' exhibition, novel things,
it
cary,
of
of
the
its
She had, as on su many very definite Ideas coaches and memories of
about railway travel. She would journeys through the
past d London has been never take a meal on a train. century, which
Windsor trips from before
begins a tour of On
Balmoral, provincial fore starting out.
everyone dined be- leading
At Banbury Commission has
was taker hallo an interesting high
WON serviced, booklet full of little-known facts the
and then everyone retired for
seeing fourteen
The
towns. also published
on the subject.
train
The earliest carriage displayed the whole night. At Perth the
party tumbled but and had
is that of the 1842 "bed-carriage" breakfast in the board room of
Queen in which the Dowager Adelaide slept with her feet has the old Scottish North Eastern
food
being a special brand-
Railway, the a luggage boot extension made by raising an upholstered trap- brought in door at the rear of the compart- trolley from the leading hotel. ment. There are also Queen Victoria's ornate saloons of 1888 -the sides and ceilings are
Parasitic skin disease, itching tegema etc.
Mitigal
OIL & OINTMENT
»Bayer « LEVERKUSEN
GERMANY.
· SPEED OBJECTION
The Queen objected to speeds exceeding 40 miles per hour. "The Queen says the carriage is shaking like the devil," was the forthright message relayed on one occasion by her memorable servant, Jo
John Brown, to the of the ral superintendent general London and North Western Rail- way during a journey to Scot- land in the
1070's-and speed was hastily reduced.
Theré also letter from orne in the exhibition from Osborne
the Hon. Alexander- here which complains that a Gordon,
director had given "the tuitous plece of Information, which
very naturally alarmed Majesty, although it was Her probably incorrect, that the train had been driven at the rate of GO miles un hour. It the train should lose me anywhere, do not try to make it up by
than travelling faster scheduled time in other parts of the journey."
the
A coach built for her in 1880 carried A disk and crossbar signal on the roof so that her attendants could signal her wishes in this respect train officials.
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HÓNGKONG AND KOWLOON,
So the Government charged and so the courts held-though the Rosenbergs denied the en- Lire story from first to last..
of intrigue and The tale treachery told to the court by had all "informer witnesses
of most fanciful spy twists Betion the furtive rendezvous, the faked names,
sccrci the the Toky password. the memorising of password,
leger- Intricate
formulas, the. demain with newspapers and the fearful look over the shoulder, At the centre of this web of espionage were the Rosenberg, unimpressive, Julius,
gentle- looking man with a thin streak of a moustache and thick, rim less eyeglasses; and Ethel, his tiny dark-eyed wife.
MARRIAGE
Julius grew up with parents from who were immigrants Russia in a section of Manhat- tan that was an emblem of poverty and struggle - "Lower East Side."
BROTHER
A
un-
and
The
SECRET
of
LOS
ALAMOS
HIGH EXPLOSIVE LENSES"
A
PLASTIC SHELL
WIRES TO CONDENSERS
How one said the bomb
man
an
PLUTONIUM SPHERE
GOLD-PLATED CONES
BERYLLIUM SPHERE
Jullus was declared to have been the master agent of n labyrinth of "Fources couriers" that stretched all over the United States, but-in parti- cular reached thal hush-hush Los Alamos plant in the desert of New Mexico where the bomb (T and B) was made.
And at Los Alamos Il was Ethel's
David own brother Greenglass who gave him those "Dave" ⚫ treasonable secrets.
talked. So did his wife and Harry so did their "courier," Gold. This is how the great betrayal was performed as these accusing co-conspirators told it. short, David Greenglars,
colour-blind army fat-faced, sergeant a man of little per- In 1930 he graduated as an sonality and deficient grammar
worked on his lathes in "E electrical engineer
secret. fashionable New York City building of the super
and tically guarded centre on an isolated hilltop where famous scientists operated under false names and hundred miles south from Los Alamos, to spend a week-end was watched. This girl of five feet and
On a WRG, like
"Dave" had no idea what it with him in an hotel. her seven stone
November evening
were in 1944, wife how many people bridegroom, a
product of that was all about: all he knew was
strolling through the
outskirts
big- working there, who the riverside, that they brought him sketches of the city near Rio Grande, west scientists really were depressed region
bc- Ideas of
odd and, like him, a second genera- blueprints and
she said something that made hind their phoney names, how tion American; her father came little googets and he made them her husband's jaw drop. Jullus the place was laid out from Russia, her mother. from on his machine.
Rosenberg had just told her. camouflaged. Austria.
an- she said, that what David was wife working on was an atomic
abomb.
from
un-ins
College
and married Ethei Esther Greenglass whom he they had been dating since
were in high school together!&
on
Ethel had studied singing and modern dancing, but had earn-
everyone
For their second wedding niversary celebration his Ruth went to "Albuquerque,
OTHER PERSONS IN THE DRAMA
David Greenglass
Ex-Army. sergeant and brother of Ethel Rosenberg. He confessed to stealing atom secrets, got 15 years.
Harry Gold
Mild-mannered chemist, Ite admitted serving de courier for the apy ring. His sen- tence was 30 years.
worked
This sketch is the atomic bomb according to Green- glass, The detonators, fired by a single switch, caused an "Implosion," op. posite of explosion. This compressed The plutonium to form a mass Jorge enough to explode. The cores, collapsed by the compressed beryllium (An released neutrons. atomic explosion happens when a neutron splits an atom, which releases more neutrons.....)
it all
of
He reconstruc... "This, sald Julius, "is very. ted what he had, good. memorised
Ethel Rosenberg brought out Band drew rough a portable typewriter, set it up sketches of on a bridge table in the living moulds for "hight room and--with others correct- explosive lenses." jug the grammatical faults The moulds Greenglass's own notes - pro- were made right duced a fair copy for Jullus to there in his own pass on to the Russians. machine -
- shop They bumed the original
in a frying and were taken notes
pan a flushed the ashes sway laboratory at a drain of the kitchen sink.
The bomb.
to
་་
$1
and down the
Grechglass
tnit
site remote where they were described and drew it, was 3. used to case ex- highly technical business plosive, needed the essence
tee of it WDS that In- for experimental stead of exploding throwing lenses.
its force outward-it exerted. It Inwardly by "Implosion."
mechanism'
surrounded
They were shaped "like complex four-leaf clover," concentric spheres
by a network of 30 lenses, each he explained.
with a pair of tetonators, was High
explosive
A the "trigger.
single switch was poured into let oft all at oneo to release the
the mould, "took
power
of plutonium and beryl- on the shape of lum at the heart of the sphere,
the mould, and
It was about five o'clock
the mould was when the bomb formula
removed. and
you had a high typed.
explosive lens,"
CONSPIRACY
wag
Back in New Julius Rosenberg wanted Mexico Green- more still. When Greenglass
shouldn't
he
Kloss handed got his discharge shortly tho over more draw suggested) why ings and details stay at Los Alamos, get a job to Harry Gold in the plant as a civilian and who pald him continue to
informa- give dollars ton"? 500
morc.
But Greenglass had had Now atom bombs dropped on enough. "I would like to leave Hiroshima and Nagasaki. With the place,* he replied. In a month the supreme action of betrayal was carried through in a kitchen and a living room. It was in September, 1945.
would like to come honte."
He did the next February- and set up a little engineering business with Julius, Chatting in their
own machine-shop. In New York on another of Rosenberg offered to provide Greenglass's furloughs. Rosens, Hutsian money for him to early berg called on him so carly as college studies in to drag him from his bed.
physics. The conspiracy, It was think," said David, "I have a clear to "Dave," was still go- of the ing on and Rosenberg was still pretty good description atom bomb."
at the heart of it-the spiracy that explained Jullus had already given him thing President Truman W09
·
con- some-
a general description of "the gull puzzling about in the White
bomb"
he knew
House.
'
But that was the first type, the Why, when he was at Pats- one that had blown Hiroshima dam with Churchill the year Into radio netive rubble. Green- before and told Stailn of glass's prize- was tha "im- America's sensational new bomb proved" Nagasaki bomb.
(Truman wondered) did Stalin chow such little surprise? Greenglass sat down drew
including a skotches, and cross-section of the bomb, and of with "descriptive
and
and.
took-it-back-In her head to he covered a dozen sheets __TOMORROW :
She memorised Jullus in New York. Greenglass paper
TORN FOOD PACKET
And he had also told her he returned behind his guarded material. He hurried round. THE COURIER AND THE had "Anally got to n point gales to "snoop around,' Ilsten to Rosenberg's home with them. where he was doing what he "very avidly" to every con- wanted to do all along-giving versation he could and Information to the Soviet
Union,"
repuuouslyn
"Sur ask questions-c5-
nt
the
of the men with Ho He thought Russia, ឆន a white badges. fighting ally, should not be de-
Scientists
Los Alamos prived of American-British wore different-coloured badges, atomic secrets and he warned red, blue, white, to mark the Greenglass to find out all he degree of security freedom they could and pass it on.
enjoyed, and a white badga David, "frightened and wor meant the wearer could co ried," said he would not do it, anywhere. But through the night he kept Ay thinking It all out.
"I consulted with
By the following January, when he went to New York on memories leave, his head was stored with
PARIS NEWSLETTER· from SAM WHITE
M. Laniel looks
a favourite
Paris. Laniel is one of the wealthiest and voices in my mind," was stuff he had pumped or heard IXTY-FOUR-YEAR-OLD MPs in the French Farliament. of his comes Stuff, jovial Joseph The bulk mpany manufacturing from those unsuspecting selen- Next morning he told Ruth tists. Julius called on him and Laniel, the little-known.agricultural Implements:// he would spy for Julitis.
he told Jullus the first of his
how he put it
He started right away. Over stream of great secrets-how back-bencher who is today and over he repented to his the bomb's "trigger" worked, France's Prime Minister, has upset the betting in what has become known as "The Presidential Stakes."
and suddenly the wicked Soviet giant stepped on a banana-peel in East Germany and fell down fracturing his tibia and showing himself to be so brittle that Jack didrit even bother to have a conference with him but just sat down and waited for him to crumble to bits."
AUNT DULLES'S BEDTIME STORIES:0
World Copyright by merangement withike.
By this December M. Vincent Auriol ends his seven-year-term as President of the Republic, and the race to succeed him in this £40,000 a. your job is al- ready speeding up.
Half a dozen politicians, including Foreign Minister Bidault
д war
MAURIAC'S WAR
UTHOR Francois Mauriac is A waging
two on fronts-one against Marthal Juin and the other against his culleagues on the Counell of the a body al- Legion of Honour, most as exalted as the Privy Counell,
French to the In a specch
Jutri
praised the
Academy, and
ex-Premiers Pinay and Queille, Pasha of Marrakesh, a feudal, are actively lobbying for the pro-French Moroccan ruler with colourful private life, and pont. Voting takes place at a joint session of both Houses of attacked the Pasha's enemy, the Bey of Tunis, whose policy In Parliament.
Increasingly Nationalist.
Now Laniel has entered the The Pashn was in the publlo Usts--and he is malding no gallery during Juin'a speech. seccot of his ambitions or of his and cheered wildly as Jul optimism regarding his chances, praised him. Not so M. Maurlar. He has already announced that He charged Juin with "Sup- he regards his Government as
porting insatiable
feudal pow- "tranzitional"—and there were crs backed by soruld
fow who heard that word in economic interests," Parliament who did not inter-
French
As for the Council of the prot it as an indication that Legion of Honour: Maurlue has M. Lantel hopes that it is transl resigned to a protest
ogainst
tional to a graceful slide into the seemingly lenient sentence
the Elysee Palace.
HE'LL MAKE IT
own views, that
My Laniel will malce it. He has
M
these advantages over his rivals:
a magnificently rugged presence
and. ox-liko constitution, a
of Ave years' imprisonmention a French officer who beat, a prisoner to death iff Info China.
QUOTES
LEPHANT trainer. Jean Fry
on how he enters his pros.
Judge:
•
splendid Resistance record, the fession; Very simple. I was a salid family background of a fica trainer but my sight was country squire, and above all. Borquet, sentencing a due to his lack of front rank
who poliileal experience, a happy night club proprietor, lack of enemies. ;..
Borved cheap bubbly" instead of champagne:. You have been family fortunes have guilty of mulying the honour of prospered, steadily: toder M. France,