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MARRIAGE
....
GUTTERNES-LUZ -- CASTRO-- 'The wedding of Mr. Jose Gutterres de Luz, son of the Jute Mr. Virgībe da Luz and
Mrs.
(FINA) Josephina Cutterres da Luz, formerly
Shanghai. and
Patricia
Mr. Day, daughter of
Ruduers Castro and the late Mr. Victoria
HISTORY REPEATS
THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1048.
THE SIXTEENTH INSTALMENT
CRUSADE IN EUROPE
al of
same
·shipping from the sea lanes
Into
altack.
to
feld of force. The
Allied inva-
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's son of Africa, was a most pecu-
Own Story Of The Wa In Europe
the
These
On
an
*
decldo to
of the
French
Casablanca
wes.
X-
anyone
Onswer
"Wo
Nevertheless, it was known that there was. 'n strong anti-German and antl-Vichy North Africa, oven Among some sentiment fu
liar venture of armed forces into the field of international politiės; of the Army oulcers. It was: be-
we were invading a neutral coun- lleved possible that if a suficient
try to create a friend. Important show of force cotild be made in
ns were these political problèms, the initial attack ill these micero
they constituted only a fraclion of been satisfied by token resistance might and that their honour had
the difficult matters with which we daily wrestled. and, bowing to the inovitable,
We were gambling for high inclical staffs, number of details of would join in the fight against, members of
stakes, but this is a. constant the traditional foo that had and services in Great Britain but military strength in Africa, in characteristle of wat and in itself humiliated them in 1940. It was frequently also with the Prime cluding Information concerning was not a particularly disturbing HE$18.00** complicated and hazy situation, Minister. During this time, at his equipment and training in their
but keeping the expedition en-requent, foll late the habit of ground, hir, and sen forces. Front factor. But uncertainty prevailed H..$30.00 tirely secret from the French, in niceting with the Prime Minis- his enlculations it was plain tant in many directions: uncertainty as to the attitude of the Spanish London was the fixed policy of
after twice onch wook. On Tues- if we were bitterly, opposed by HK$72.00 **
und the knowledge that the enemy the Allied
A day we would have luncheon at the French a bloody fight would had of our plans; uncertainty as governmente. added and most important mo-
if 10 Downing Street, usually pre- | ensuej the French should
10 to the exact number of ships at which were one my mom promptly
or any who have, ten in doing so was the fact that i'members of the British Chiefs of could expect to get along quickly | expedition should sai), and uncer- { "ribt ̈red mi o experience of
to join us we
that would be avaliable when the,preciate now for through perfect
surprise old the
with our main business of aciz ininty. expedition succeed. Staff or the War Cabinet.
to the abilly of planning a great allied operation The fewer people who knew 'any- - Friday nights I would have din- ing Tunisia and attacking Rom- the Air Force to give proper pro- in modern wur. Yet this react thing at all about the matter the per- with him al his country mel from the rear) It was Mr. tection to our convoys as they sure remains a persistent
who vivid memory for belter.
house, Chequers, and this would Murphy's belief that we would neared the African const.
actually encounter A mean bo- Each day brought new dimeul- sometimes be prolonged Into an
Another hazard involved a pro- was a part of it. tles in the development of plans | ove
overnight stay, during which tween these two extremes. Events jeer for dispatching from England
It is equally ficult to classify problems. would be an unending series proved him to be correct. there
tune-absorbing for the operation. Among these
by Innsport pinnes à parachute aur intricate problems was, for ex- of meetings with officials, both On another polat, how ver, he forme to capture the airfields of There were, above all, people to ample, interference with ship-military and civil. Almost alwas, through no fault of his own, Oran. These planes had to wing see, most of them engaged in pre- their relatively slow course over paring the details of Torch but Miss ments to Russia. The withdraw-way the Foreign Minister, Mr. completely mistaken. Ho had been
concerned with Anthony Eden, was present. convinced by the French Genernis
distance
than of mbre
120b many others After some six weeks of in- Charles Emmanuel Mast, chief of miles, through areas from oblems ranging from Red Crosa in time to reli, load, assemble tensive planning we were notifi] slalf of the French XIX Corps in which they might be attacked by | utairs to the need for shipping and make the transit to the Mo- (Bobby) Franco Castre, took seriously
diterranean was certain
to cuted that Mr. Robert D. Murphy, Algeria, Marie Emile Bethouart, enemy planes. Parachutists hat white cloth to the Arabs, who shrouds Insist on it for burnt place yesterday,
November
tho Murmansk the sentor Amerienn State De-commander
anca to drop, or the planes had to land, who were on fields of which we had only
and will kill to get It. Presa con- 24. trag, nl the Rosary | **
convoys; this interference began partment officer in North Africa, Division, and others
terences were almost obligatory, Church at 4.30 p.m. (Shang.
as early as September 1942. This would pay us a secret visit to risking their lives to assist us, sketchy Information. Many
it General Henri consideration applied discuss with us the political im- that
Giroud Berlenced officers lerally threw since the problem of morale, both hai and Macao papers please
ponsibilities other vital shipping commitments plications and copy).
in could be brought into North Af-up their hands in the face of such at home and in England, was of Britain and America but it that region,
tuctors redica, ostensibly ald in an up-arebrained" scheme. Other dever for from our minds,
We had in co-ordinate our plans wan, of course, one of the Ines-mained among the great question rising against the Vichy over-projects involved delta y not only with the British but also capable edsts of undertaking the marks of the entire operation. ment, the response would be im-milledly desperate assaults by
with the United States Navy. operation.
Vichy France was a
a neutral coun- mediate and enthusiastic net all elected forces against the docks.
would fame into of Algiers and Oran, in an effort This was by no means simple, Another complication arose out try and during the entire period North Africa
great many under a leader th prevent sabotage and destruc-and it required a It is remarkable how his-
of the fact that all of the carliest of the war the United States had revolt, unifled
maintained diplomatic shipments of American supplies
as being on and so preserve port facil conferences. Two of the Navy's connec- who was represented
capable officers had been assigned tory repeats itself. Only 15 and equipment into England were WEC the French Govern-intensely popular throughout the len for our future as higher by Admiral King to neglst in years and some months have
Weeks later, during Never, in all its history, region, in anticipation of an eventualment.
they were welcomed Time and planning, Since had the United States been a drists in our affairs, wo were to organisation was new. passed since Hitler began his cross-Channel
Since
the summer oly Brigadier General Alfred M. haste ih unlondlag Germany. ste of
ships party and
to an unprovoked attack learn that this hope was a futile again during re-armament
Army friends warned me that the Gruenther, chief American plan- speeding up their turn-around upon a neutral country and even one.
were a thousand questions the ais purpose was obviously was initally the pressing consi-heugh Vichy was avowedly col-Mr. Murphy was certain that conception of Allied Unity which ner, with the statement that there aggressive.
faborating with tier, there is much more effective co-operation. We took as the foundation of our Navy inuld help We could have i deration, supplies and equipmentó doubt that American political with our known friends in North command scheme was impractie here only to listen," was their
projected Africa would be achieved if commander placed in my position an
able and impossible; that
any are
ankwerk knew that if I could ofter 'from high-ranking segregation and inventories. We operation,
was foredoomed to' taliure and talk personally to Admiral King had thought there would be with considerable distaste. ample time for this hs the org
Both the British and American forence: Naturally the meeting
goat to carry the odlum of defeat under the circumstances these sallon grew. Now we were sud-governments believed that North had to be arranged clandestinely denly faced with an immediate African public opinion favoured because, if discovered, my emin-for the whole operation. I was aneris had to be worked out with
the "Allies, and naturally desired need for the things we had al
would certainly be intern-gated with tales of allled failure care and patience.
The Navy could remind us, Sturting wilh the Grécks, Drought over bat: Wthout to make the invasion appear as ed, while nity French ofleer 10 500 years before Christ, and what was one of the
found
after
all, that we were asking for ready the
operation undertaken in res-
offul would
greatest engaged in such t under fin necessary records
a popular
puine desire for probably be tried by Vichy as allled quarrels to
coming down through the age of fighting armadas of all times which required supplies could be ponse to
the bilter selected, puckaged, and loaded in Uberation from the Vichy yoke.
It was immediately uc French-British discriminations of approximately 110 troop and curge We Not only did we definitely want the lenal possible time to avoid adding France
cided that it was worth the risk 1940. But more than counter Navy was conscious of the need ships and $200 warships. The should have paid more attention
to our to send a small group to confer bala
nfer balancing such doleful prophecy for watching the German fleet, nirearly formidable list of with General Mast and others. lo "red tape" and paper work.
Was a daily and noticeable Still another complication in.
nemies: we
If possible. Since manifestly I could not go growth of co-operation, comrade which they thought at that time volved our
air forces. In the to make it appear that we had myself, I chose, from many ship, faith, and optimism in Torch rier and possibly twn.
included at least one aircraft car summer of 1942 we had made come into Africa on Invitation tunteers, my deputy General headquarters, British and Ameri American
Clark, to make the journey. He
omeers seemed ot cans were unconsciously, In their only a good beginning at organis rather than by force.
times to feel
resentment was accompanied ing
It was realised that, ofeially was bomber and accompanying
small surpligtelsen Pohutus toward the operation, British Aghter command for
for conducting some opposition would have to staff.
of mutual
regarding 03 訂 operations against Germany. be made to the landing because The trip was made by airplane distrust and suspicion, considerable number at alt
alt within Europe tself the French and submarine and was carried In the early fall Admiral Ram-pind into which Amurien had units had to bo hastily colled dwelt constantly under the Ger- Out
out exactly as planned except say was relieved by the British been rigged by the heels." I away from their original tasks, hon heel. But if we could show that local suspicion finally was
Chiefs of Staff as the naval com- stated and restated at conferences and rchaped
from toward that popular opinion was definite aroused and the French conspira-mander of the expedition and if during this planning phase that the opposition to
the Vichy tors were forced to escape very His place was assigned Admiral Torch was an order
Andrew B. Some American fighter rulers, any political antagonism hurriedly, while General Clark Sir
Commander in Chief, the Presi Cunningham,
dens of the United States, and the monger is to trade with him. organisations had to be equipped to the invasion in Great Britain and his group had to hide until whom i then met for the Orst demo. Multes, and that I prom Buying and selling, it was with the British Spitfire. Similar or America would be mollified they could re-embork in their me. He was the Nelsonian type
West, and problems arose with respect to
submarine. had long Mr. Murphy, urged, pave the high road to
weather of admiral. He believed that posed to move into Hough in Africa, was male the re-embarkation a dif-ships went to pen in order to find North Africa, at the order in- the Internal transportation sya- been stationed peace. So it may be some-
but, except for a and destroy the enemy. He structed me, whether we had pro- tems of England, the use of her carly taken into the confidence ficult affair times, but does this apply crowded ports, and the training of the President of the United
States and informed of the pos when your adversary's very of ground troops.
amount of money, no great dam-ever ul defence. He was vigoi-
wna ciond,
hardy, This expedition dus.
intelligent, Each week brought us records sibility of military actions in that age
and the Medlierranean continui to object in buying from you is
of additional to beat you in war.
ships sunk or dum-region.
of 14 With his staff of assis was valuable in gathering more truightforward. In spite of his bring us bad news. One heavily Ubouts, ships tants he not only conducted a details of information: These did toughness, the degree of affection escorted convoy 'Much nonsense
is often #ged by enemy talked about its "bringing the
that were included in our pro- continuing survey of public opin-not compel any material change in which he was held by all vessels, attempting to take sup→ gravies and ranks of the British plies to Malta, arrived there with grammes for the transport of ion, but he did his best to dis- our planned operations, peoples
conference together."
The military and Some troops, equipment, and supplies. cover among the
Mr. Navy, and to a large extent, the drily three of the supply ships thing of that sort was said Each sinking caused revisions in political leaders those individuals Murphy gave most of us, parti- other services, both British and still afloat. Of these, one
who were definitely hostile to the cularly the Americans, our first
was nothing aliort of sunk at the dock. The alrcraft earlier this year, when Mr. operational and tactical plans.
All these things 'called for con-
marked for Torch, was locpedect! Harold Wilson on behalf of
officials. He dog. There WILL I always live with and sunit. The naval sloft the British Government con-
merely out of a sense of duty to number of French France. Affable, friendly, existics and political leanings
betissed at length the character-mo his dnswer when I asked him brought us such news from time cluded a barter agreement
of the fall of 1943 to send the ceedingly shrowed, and speaking
to time, and each time further carrying with the Soviet.
he was admirthe principal generals and the British battle fleet, Russians were to send coarse new war-potential.
ably suited for his
we were likely to en-division of soldiers, into Taranto revision of plans besume neces-
Foty. tionably His missionary work be-counter. grains to feed pigs and fowls, On a lower level, much thetween 1940 and late 1942 had ed that at that time the Ameri-mines and treachery. and Britain was to send same considerations are oper- much to do with eventual held a high esteem by the Fleet is here to go wherever you chances looked to us some seven
can Government and people were "Str." he said, His Majesty's Kenttinessage to General Mar | machine-tools and machinery | ating to cause conflict in the ces trip to my headquarters in French as compared to the at- may send it!"
His
stopped him at the beginning
were thrown into warhouses and
my
just as we could have stop- } open starage without regard for Lealers regarded his viewpoll. could go to Africa for a conschuld bocorre nóthing but a scape there would be no difficulty, but
ped Russian aggression in
1945: but we let that phase go, then as now. It might have been thought that at
least we would have denied him help. But no; he want- ed nickel for his guns and armour, and our finance made it easy for him to get it; he wanted scrap for his steel- works, and down to a late stage we let him have it. As then, so now. All that we eventually suffered from the whom aggressor
then helped to arm has today, ap- parently, in face of the new aggressor, taught us nothing, What we did in the '30s
we
nir
Organi-
was defended on the ground on in the African - 17. n
that the way to curb a war-
stant conferences, mually with
wanted,
who
stair
saries
Traitor.
WALT
by a
Somo
ducking and the loss of a small hought always in terms of attack,etive warships or not.
Axis attacks on British convoys
-with
Axis and occupying "their posts vicarious acquaintariceship with a He was a "real" senestrier Eagle, which had
cargo
was
been
By it the aggressor the acquisition of French copatisk. Unquei. [officials. e especially emphasis- Harbour, known to bo filled within the middle of September I
that the
*
1
shall on how the 'invasion's
under pressure
Which we worked is hard to-ap-
weeks before It took places wh
To Be Continued
Good Scotch Whisky
JOHNNIE WALKER
far their heavy Industry. US. State Department and
The terrifle tagoniam that had developed to- Apart from its increasing hamper the formulation of a London, in the fall of 1942, was ward the British.
conducted in the greatest secrecy, their war-potential, the bar-clear-cut policy in relation to Washington,
In
where he went The Prime Minister pa
accepted gain seemed a bad one in it- the Communist menace in first, he was placed in uniform, this view and gave his personal self; for, although we could China. China has again sent given anctionat commission as attention to assur do with the coarse grains, urgent requests for material fleutenant coloniel, and came to operation should bear the ap they were charged for at a ald, but it is apt to be for- see me under the name of Me pearance, so far as was humanly possible, of an 'exclusively Amer- Gowan I met him at a rendez-art force. Ho even seriously high price, and the medium gotten especially by the Chin-us outside the city and within considered, at one time, requiring in which that price was to be ese that for two years al-
a matter of twentyfour hours in all British while that had to part- paid-machines and machine-ready, the United States has was again on the way to Wash teipate in the initial landing to tools and the steel compos-been giving substantial finan-om Mr. Murphy we learned can Anny In
ington.
wear the uniform of the Amer» ing them was one of which clal and material support, all the names of those officers who volving political possibilities Mr. komadaslona in- we were and are particular- of which has been frittered ad pro-Allied sympathies and Eden, a head to the Foreign ly short for our own needs away. Add to that that Gen-those who were ready to aid us Omce, was almost always present, and those of Western Europe eral Marshall felt China, and actively, we learned much about as Wus frequently Mr. John and the Empire."
his 13-months' effort to ar and about feeling among the civil to Great Belton. Our concern
the tempor
of the Army self Winent, our wartime ambassador Today, the grains have all range a reasonable compro-population. He told us very ac over these offaits illustrates for- been delivered hand much of mise thoroughly disillusioned curately that our greatest resiscibly the old truism that political the machinery has been and disparaging all Chinese tance would be met in French considerations can never-be Counter-delivered, and where leadership and It is Hardly Morocco, where General August wholly separated from milltary are East and West? Can surprising that he regards Paul Nogues was Foreign Minisshes and that war is a mere con-
ter
to the Sultan. He gave us a nuation of political polley in the anyone pretend that these further assistance as the pets of trading have con- pouring of further money tributed one fola to better down the drain, and, if to DO YOU relations? How was it pos-anybody's final advantage, as sible that they, should," "in likely to be to the Commun- view of the Iron Curtain?. ist. Much of the finest equip-KNOW
The argument against sell-ment provided by the United ing to Russia anything that States is now in Communist strengthens hér, militarily hands, and nothing in the goes back to her emergence events round Hauchow hayd ag an enemy of peace. When justiled any assumption that a Great Power starts, on a now consignments would be career of aggression, an
some of its neighb
annexes others
threatens others ternationaller
land! economic
everyone Elsoʻar
and, all the whi
guar
Ingtou
tho
security. develop
me sort of
YOUR
}
HONG KONG?
a
Can you re be folly to aganlie who arming of
Reds Fund her, is no Ver 1726 FTE
Illed States opvan..
go, the further
the means of-mill con stage to thor Natio quest, what can peace-lovors Jernment, which, could hard- da?
Two things) rm ¡fyvinvolve less thanzdirect themselves, and deny 'to the
BORN 1820-
STILL GOING
STRONG
CALDBECK MAC
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