Pago 2
THE CHINA MAJL, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1940.
The Shape of Things To Come
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The
OUTLINE OF A NEW DEFENCE
Camberley Conference has come and gone. Exorcine Evolution is finished. The seeds of a new military doctrine have been sown, with the blessings of the three Services, So far, Bo good.
ORGANISATION
By LIEUT-GENERAL H. G. MARTIN "Daily Telegraph" Military Correspondent
1
or
deora? I suggest that there are two logical developments.
The first would be to extend · the system of Combined Joint Chiefs of Staḥ, which has already been set up to co-ordi-" nate British defence policy with that of our Allies or the Dominions. The original step taken in that direction was the establishment in Washington of the Combined Anglo-U.S. Chiefs of Staff.
We still await, however, tho Government's proposals for a higher defence organisation, bued on the exporionco of the pust soven years proposals Promised some nine months ago. It is the higher defence ganiantion that lays down synthesise the policies and alms peace to war-in other words, tablishment of the Joint Chiefs
or-
these are the beginnings of all things.
fence. At the same time there la obvious need for a new and whole-time Minister whose sole responsibility it. will be to
extract the vital essence security,
would bo to watch world events and formulate defence polley accordingly, and the other to prepare for the transition from
to preparo the War Book. These of two functions the Defence Com- mittee would discharge through its various sub-committeen.
As for his responsibilities, this new Secretary of State
let us call him 'S-of-S. for the
Armed Forces"-would be A member of the Cabinet or War Cabinet, whereas tho three Service Ministers would not. At the same time he would act for the Prime Minister as day-to- day chairman of the Defence Committee, of which the Ser- vice Ministers would be mem- bera. Thus his would be the voice to answer in the Cabinet
ONE TASK LESS By November the last of the British troops will have left Java and the responsibility for pre-policy and grand stategy--and of the three Services und so to serving order will have been lunded to the slowly increasing Dutch forces. When the last troopship sails an end will have been put to a disagreeable duty, which has earned much ignorant criticism both at home and abroad. What the New York Times calls one of Brithin's unhappiest post war ventures" was thrust upon the South-East Asia Command when it had little strength to spare for the purpose of disarming the large Japanese forces in the island and of restoring some semblance of civil government. The Dutch Government, upon whom the res- ponsibility of taking over the is land rested, had
no army avail- able and no shipping for transport
partments.
The new had there been an army in exist-ft this changed face of war.
New Requirements
unify under his own control all ence. The whole administrative
What new features may wo activities-Intelligence, Com- machinery of the island had been expect this changed face to re-lined Operations medical, en- veal to us? First of the new What was not forescen
requirements, I suggest, is the that the nationalist movement in capacity for instant action, de- Java bad attained such formid-fensive and offensive, developed ante dimensions as to be a menace to a degree previously undream to the restoration of peace. There ed of had certainly been nothing in the pre-war administration of Java- frequently 'considered to have been model to suggest the trouble which was in fact encountered.
That our organisation should be brought up to date none will question.. It should be an or ganisation however, based on ho ičen than retru- prospect
We may--indeed we "peet. atomic energy will mus--hope that the control of bèsame-a reality. Meanwhile the hard fact remains that the atomic bomb in already very real in- deed. Henceforth we shall have to reckon with the ever-present possibility of its use. That possibility alone will be quite matters of strategy and of scientific and industrial plan- enough to change the face of future warfare. The Governing, while the Service Minia-
proposnis, therefore, ment should take a form which will plement policy in their own de
wrecked by the Japanese.
was
Had it been realised that beyond enforcing the surrender and re- patriation of the Japanese there was widespread rebellion against the Dutch regime to deal with. the Americans might have been called upon to furnish troops from the larger force they had available in the Pacific area, and in the cir- cumstances would certainly have used them with reluctance. The
question asked by the New York Times whether, the presence of the British troops "was not more harmful than beneficial" admits of only one answer. In the light of what has actually happened since the occupation the absence some controlling power would have meant destruction of ordered life throughout the island, with its population of 48,000,000. British restraint and mediation has kept anarchy within bounds.
Unhappily the resumption of Datch authority promises, no car- ly restoration of peace. Outside the area of the ports and of the larger towns it is questionable how far the writ of Government runs. In Java, as in other countries in the Far East, the demands of formidable parties arc intran- sigent. Although the Dutch Government has offered a Com- monwealth constitution that would give the Indonesian peoples the power "freely to decide their political destiny," negotiations have so far brought no settlement either with the so-called Nationa- list Government or with the six or seven other parties that have been born of the rebellion The political problem has to be settled before the economic life of the island can be restored. That is now left to others. But though so much remains to do, in retiring the British forces can feel that they held the pass in the most dif ficult hour and; discharged with humanity a thankless mission.
TASS DENIES A "LIE"
Henceforth there cap be no question of developing our war potential after the flag has fallen.
ters would be left free to im-
"S.-of-S." would
gineer, chaplains and supply services, and also scientifle re- scarelt-which are coramon to the Navy, the Army and the Air Force, thus building on the foundations of the Defence Ministry, which are already Inid.
Of its "policy" sub-commit- tees, the most important would remain that of the Chiefs of Staff, supported by the Joint Planning and Joint Intelligence Staffs which grew to maturity during the war.
Two possibilities confront the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee. Either it may remain a tripar-, tite body, representative of the three Services, or else, in the interests of a cloner co-ordina- tion, it may be made quadripar- tito by the addition of a neutral chairman.
There are arguments on both sides. Those who wish to see the Chiefs of Staff remain tri- partite can point to their_per- formance In the war. They achieved victory then without a chairman, so why appoint one now?
Ewers.
The next step was the es-
of Staff, Australls (J.C.O.S.A.).
of representative
Australia, New Zealand, India and Great Fritain.
United Nations Needs
The third step, we still hope, 13 to be the establishment of a Joint Military Board in Egypt, defence to advise on common problems. As opportunity offers, the system altould be extended further. Such a system of re- would riona defence boards serve the purpose of the United Nations as well as our own. If and when the Security Coun- cil's Milltary Staff Committee reaches the stage of setting up its own regional sub-commit- teen, it will find in this system precisely the machinery It will require.
turn would
In-C. in his theatre. this
The second development is this: In pence no less than in war, we should perpetuate wherever possible the system of Supreme Command oversens. A To this there are three on-single S. of S. fer the Armed Forces should control a singlo First, as Minister of
who Defence Mr. Churchill, present theatre commander,
in or absent, did in fact act as
co-ordinate the chairman of the Chiefs of Staff. action of the three Service C-8- Secondly, there was a unique combination of personalities on the committee, which bred singleness of purpose likewise unique. We have no guarantee that either of these conditions will be repeated. Thirdly, the fact that the Chiefs of Staff, under the compelling pressure of events reached agreement in war is no proof that they will reach it in peace.
In its report rendered Bummer, the Congressional
Pearl Secondly, there is the capaci-
ty to survive a devastating at-
Finali, the above all, this new Minister shoult weigh the rival cinims of the three Services tack, with all the prerequisites, and present to Parliament joint political, military, industrial,
estimates for the armed forces which this capacity will postu as a whole and for the Minis- late.
Incredible to past has there been any expert scrutiny of defence estimates as a whole. The Defence Committee
Thirdly, there is the capacity of Supply. ty to inflict reprisals in kind relate, never in the reprisals at least as devasta- ting as any punishment we have taken. On this known capacity our future immunity may de- pend.
Finally, there is the capacity to exploit and consolidate the effects of our own reprisals, and so to end the war.
Two conclusions ura at onec apparent. First, these pro- blems are the problems of no one Service. They can be solven only in terms of defence 48 a whole. Secondly, the burden defence of future crushing enough at beat. Less
than
must
be
therefore,
ever before, shall we be able to afford to fritter-away money, material, and man power on military re- dundances or vested interests, All this boils down to the defence fact that
a unified policy is our primary need, a policy born of closer co-ordina- tion, indeed integration of the three Services, then, is surely the dominating purpose which the new higher defence organisation should
Berve.
even,
This,
Mr. Churchill Unique
Higher defence has its con- stitutional even more than its Service implications. Already,
as a legacy of the late war, we have our Minister of Defence. unde- He is Minister with fined powers. It is not true to say, however, that he is also a a Ministry, Minister without Throughout the war Mr. Chur- chill had his own inter-Servico staff under Gon. Sir Hastings Ismaya staff composed of the Service members of the Wor Cabinet. Secretariat.
Through the medium of this staff Mr. Churchill, as Minister of Defence, maulded the mlil- of the War tary committees Cabinet, headed by the Chiefs of Staff Committoe, into some- thing nearly approaching De- fence Ministry. The foun.ation has been laid. Moscow, Sept. 20.
..Moreover, by virtue of hi Tass today distributed a denial office as Minister of Defanco, of the report "concerning fantastle Mr.. Churchill's was the single to answer to the War lies of the concentration of Soviet voice troops in northern Korea" which, Cabinet on the war polley. Thus Taas said, was published in the the War Cabinet was relleved Store and Stripes, an American of any conflict of Service views. the to Army newspaper..
All this was greatly Tase sald the report alleged that good..
the Ruslans were keeping one oeThe fact remains, however, two Japanese divisions intact and that Mr. Churchill created the were training - Japanese generals office of Minister of Defence to and offcars in Soviet schools. It fit his own peculiar genius for said that Tass was authorized to wor direction. The office was declare the report was no lavent- not designed to fit in lessdr ed provocationAssociated Press.
Rare indeed will be the future Prime Ministers who, particularly in peace time, will be able to devate to the pro- blems of defence the time and Princess Port, the 18-year-old | attention which their solution nies of King for of Albania, will denund
N:O. WEDS A
PRINCESS-
London, Sept. 19,
maryled » Briffin Nava kulle.
MRE.
Joint Service. Estima
ant
Long Hall, Westminties todavia,
main- titular Ministërma
So much for the new "S.-of- S." What of the Defence Com-1 mitter, of which as the Prime Minister's deputy he would be day-to-day chairman? The De- fence Committee would be either an executive committee of the Cabinet or else a pure- ly advisory body, as was the pre-war Committee of Imperial Defence. The difference is more apparent than real.
War-Time Illustration
In illustration of this last point one may recall that at one stage in the war the Admiralty. was pressing for the diversion" of bombers to anti-U-boat tasks, whereas the Air Minis- try was resisting the diversion on the grounds that it would detract from the strategic bomb- Ing of Germany. It was the U- boats themselves that settled the matter by sinking so much shipping that we had either to divert the bombers or risk los- ing the war. Had they been be debating peace-time policy, the Chiefs of Staff might not have reached so speedy or so happy a decision.
Since in either event the De- fence Committee would number Among its members the more important Cabinet the Cabinet itself most unlikely to disregard Its advice.
Ministers, would
At the same time, the catho- lic constitution of the old Com-
With or without an indepen- mittee
of Imperial Defence dent chairman the Chiefs of should be preserved in the De- Staft would have as one of their fence Committee. This, how-main functions the preparation ever, is merely a matter of ad- of an annual report for the in- justing the categories of those formation of the Defence Com- After discussion by who are actual members of the mittee. Defence Committee and of those this Committee, and modifica who are "in attendance. The tion if need be, the report would latter category might Include serve the S. of 8. of the Armed the Chiefs of Staff and
also
Forces as his sailing directions tuch elder statesman no longer in 1 review and consolidation in office as the Prime Minister of the Service estimates. might invite at his discretion. How is the principle of the The Committee would have co-ordination of effort in White major functions. One hall to be extended beyond its
two
CARNIVAL
“See fière, MA
without you
By Dick Turner
FUDGE
DELIGHT
Harbour Investigating Committee gives first priority 10 its recommendation that "immediate action be taken to insure that unity of command is imposed at all military and naval out-posta." commands, in other words, llaf- son between the three Services is not enough.
In overBepa
Byrnes Not Satisfied
Washington, Sept. 12.
Mr. James F. Byrnes, the Secretary of State is dissatis- fied with President Truman's compromise settlement of the Wallnce controversy, according to American press despatches believed
to be derived from American delegation hources in Paris.
Reporting. in almost identical terms, the Paris correspondents of the "New York Times" and New York "Herald Tribuno" both declared that Mr. Wallace's announcement after last night's
to meeting with the President- disclosing his undertaking
until make no more speeches the Paris conference ends will not be enough to satisfy Mr. Byrnes.
President Truman's presa secretary. Mr. Charles Ross, to day denied that Secretary of Commerce Wallace had received something in return for his promise to keep quiet until the Faris peace conference was over."
At a press conference he said: "There was absolutely nothing resembling any deal, quid pro quo or what have you." Mr. Truman had tried to telephone Mr. Byrnes, he said, but so far had been unable to make contact with him because of atmospheric disturbances between Washington and Paris, The President le expected to 05- tablish touch later today by either telephone or teleprinter. -Router.
New Stamps In Germany
Berlin, Sept. 20. Designa depicting themes of - peace, and work have been adopted for the new uniform postage stamp to be printed for, the American, British and Run- alan occupation ones of Ger many, it was disclosed today. The French refused to go along with the plan.
Fivo, winning designs were selected from 6,715 submitted by 3,611 German artists in contest conducted and fudroc, hy & Quadriparili postal commit