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THE CHINA MAIL, AUGUST 13, 1941.
GRIM ORDEAL OF THE CZECHS
-Brutality, Spoliation
(By A CORRESPONDENT ÎN LONDON)
THE CZECHOSLOVAK PROVISIONAL GOV- ERNMENT, WHOSE HEADQUARTERS ARE IN
authenticated instances Di the German terror that this survey contains to drive home the horror
Czechoslovakia has known and
dared to set democracy before
| ENGLAND, HAS ISSUED A SURVEY OF THEs still experiencing because she
INVASION PERSECUTION, AND DESTRUCTION ́OF THIS YOUNG REPUBLİC BY THE "NAZIS.
It is a moving account of suffering, as docu- mentary as possible in the circumstances, shot through with glimpses of the undying fortitude of a brave people determined never to submit willingly to the tyranny of the invader.
With almost all Europe under German domina-
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sal struggle to establish, lastingly one hopes, the rights of man as an individual. Munich, September 29, 1938, is a date to keep in mind; and with it the vain sacrifices Czechoslovakia made to keep the peace.
Czechoslovakin
Trianon
in 50
talitarianism.
Within two months of Hitler's entry into Prague 12,000 Czechs were dead. behind prison bars, or in concentration camps. They represented; all classes—póliticians, artists, writers, workers, factory owners, army officers, teachers, and professors, None was safe from the Gestapo and its thugs. I quote from the survey:
an
Major of the General Staff, Bohumi! Klein, Czechoslovakia Military Attache In Budapest, and, after the German occupe- tion, an official of the Czecho- slovak Press Bureau, arrested on suspicion of maintaining contacts with foreign countries; tortured to death in prison on October 14, 1936; ho was 41 was then a
Article XH of The vaunted
years old. very young nation, a month under
magna carta" expressly stipu-
Lieutenant-Colonel of the Gen- 20 years of age, but Intu the
aley that the laws valid in Bohe- the brief career ushered in by
eral Staff, Tomas Houska, nia and Moravia at the time of ometal of the National Museum, Treaties of Versailles, St. Ger-
he German occupation remain main, and
had been in
arrested and transferred to Pets- force
fur 33
chok Palace; on the fourth day crowded much happy develop- they do not oppose the the torture attained such a degree meat, many social changes, ax- pirit of the protection given by that this man was no longer in amples of religious freedom, and the Reich to the Protectorate. considerable technical and
control of himself and he was cul- Like all Hitler's promises this therefore thrown from the fourth tural progress. The survey un- was speedily broken. der review sketches these
floor on to a stone pavement. The The National Socialist criminal official doctor was compelled to achievements as background to 'aw, the source of which, as the declare that he had committed the unhappy. persecuted Czecho-Nazis proudly boast, is the Ger-suicide. Thla took place probably slovakia of to-day.
man National Socialist spirit and Germany sought to legalise her feeling, which is entirely
on December 8, 1939. alien 1 Lieutenant-Colonel of the Gen- occupation by declaring the rump
to the spirit and feelings of the
died, of the dismembered State
eral Staff, Jan Trebrizky, the Czech nation, was imposed. Fur- "Protectorate of Bohemia
1on March 25, 1940, in hospital as and ther intervention followed when result of torture. He had been Moravia," and promulgating ย the competence of German courts the victim of alternate immersion thirteen-point decree to govern its in civil disputes was extended, relationship with the Reich.
,in boiling and freezing water. In and Germans were given the
› consequence of a stomach disease right to demand the quashing of from which he was suffering, he any civil verdict if they consid. was artificially ered, the material interests of the during his exantination and tor- maintained alive German party to the dispute were ture, by means of injections... * threatened.
Leader of every political party, Mayors of inoffensive towns, plain citizens they are all named,
The Magna Carta of Czech freedom" was the title given to this Infamous document by Nazi propaganda, but, in effect, It Is shown, it imposed
normally reserved European colonial great Powers for backward native races able to read or write.
Etatus
by
the Reich
Nazi Spoliation
un- The uncontrolled transfer of Remes, Tymes, Vaverka, Richter, Czech property to German hands, Zapotocky, and dozens of others The President and Govern- both public and private, at 3
were seized at ment of the Protectorate, whose fraction of its value is
night and enforced returned to their families as ashes domestic rights were specifically by threats and torture, and the in an urn. It is not a new story, safeguarded in the "inagna cartu,' transactions are hidden from the but it is salutarv were swept aside,
periodically to competent Czech courts, so that recall the fate of Czechoslovakia, Protector became all-powerful, no evidence of this typically for there are people who still In- and such measures as the in- cunning Nazi robbery may reach cline to the belief that perhaps troduction of the Nuremberg the Czech authorities. laws against the Jews, the estab-
German overlordship of the Bal- Thus the Czechy legal apparatus, kans would not be such a bad lishment of German as the once considered one of the most thing. official language, even in purely just in Europe, is debased. The Czech communities, and the divi-Czech citizen's personal security, sion of the Protectorate into 19 his honour, and his property, are areas, each with a German gova mere plaything in the hands of ernor, were imposed overnight and the German conqueror, whose rigorously enforced. The autonomy courts exist only to discover promised by Hitler was dead-
case of need a legal formula stillborn.
the greatest barbarism and bloodiest crimes.
Undermining National
Will
to
as
in
for the
Suppression Of Culture
From personal, persecution, the to the attempted survey passes, Germanisation
the of
entire nation, documentary evidence of the persecution of the Jews and With political freedom tha
the Christian Churches, and the freedom of the trade uniong
ruthless suppression of all forms vanished, the workers returned of Czech culture. of the Dark to the slavery Ages.
at
wages were
were
an
So the insidious business .of
... How are the Czechs faring and will undermining a nation's resist continued. **The
By the imposition of an arti-what are they doing to defeat the organs
German conquerors? Their chief of regional and local government ficially high exchange rate, some contribution to the common cause were throttled, lite the organs 150 per cent. above the real rate, is a passivet resistance that com and price increases which the of central, power. Provincial re-
pels Germany to maintain in the presentative bodies were dis-Germans themselves estimate
Protectorate at least 250,000 men-→→ solved, and on a single order of 40 per cent,, real
army, police, etc. who could the Protector the mayors of pure- ruthlessly slashed. To add to the otherwise be used for military Jy Czech towns were dismissed sorry tale, working hours
adventures. and Germans appointed instead. drastically prolonged, and Ger- while such district councils
man supervisors were drafted were allowed to live were com-into the factories to enforce pulsorily swamped with German inhuman discipline. members.
Finally, the Czech working This was the preliminary stage,
class became the victim of mass the "browning off" preparatory deportations to Germany. Says the unpublicised blitzkrieg the survey: "The exact number which aimed, and still Ams, at is not known, but the German the total destruction of Czechgures, which must be consider- life in all its forms. Most sinised as a minimum, speak of 55,000 ter was the introduction of "dua agricultural workers from Slova-Czechs look forward to the day lism" into the legal system-one kla, and 1125,000 industrial work when mankind will set about the law for German citizens anders from Bohemia and Moravia. task of organising Europe afresh.
According to Czech estimates, Again quoting the Provisional, another for the Czech "proteges"
We
to
Against ite will, the Protaci -torate has* become one`of'the centros: of-German war eradyo- tion, but, at the same me, it Is also one of the centres: of rabotage within. "the "Greater/ Reich. Executions and long prison sentences show how Ger many feels this sabotage of its production and transport, Undaunted by their sufferings,
which makes it possible for the almost a quarter of a million Czech Government's survey: Germans to bring about complete Czech workers have been trans- are aware that democracy@ascuit legal chaos in the relations be ported from the Protectorate to was before this war was not per tween the Czech citizens them Germany. The fate of these fect this also explains its tem- selves and in their relations with workers is terrible. They are porary disappearance in so many German persons or the German treated literally like slaves. Of countries and that it must there- authorities. To find an analogy cial orders remind the German fore be expanded and intensified, for this legal system one has to population that it must not des especially in the economic and turn to the consular courts which grade itself by social contacts social respects. Czechoslovakia is existi in countries where the cul with a lower race. The food is quite ready to take part in all tural level of the native popula.even worse than that of the attempts at a reasonable organisa- tlon has not allowed the deve- German workers, and the wages tion of postwar Europe, the will lopment of a conception of law are illusory, because if the Czech accept all practical solutions of and justice corresponding to that worker in Germany saves some the problem of European economic of civilised European nations.thing, he cannot send it either solidarity, she will not shirk any In other words, the Czechs to his family at home or take it restriction of political sovereignty are treated as a primitive race, with him if he is allowed to as long as it is also accepted by
the other States of Europe." Deprived of their political free: return." "dom, they are also deprived of all guarantees of justice grant. ed to citizens in even the worst organlood countries."
German Terrorism
Seldom in history can such suffering as the Czechs face to-day have produced such, truly Christ- of like humility.
Terrible though the picture may
it needs the long list