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24 Wang Hsien-ch'ien, Tung-hua lu (509 chüan in 30 ts'e, Taipei, 1963), K'ang-hsi, 3:26. 王先謙:東華錄康熙朝,
25 Ibid., 3:3a.
26 Ibid., 3:13b.
27 Huang-ch'ao tz'u-lin tien-ku, 23:11a-b.
28 Ibid.
29 Ibid., 21:206.
30 Ch'ing-shih, vol. 2, 1375.
31 S. Van Der Sprenkel, Legal Institutions in Manchu China - A Sociological Analysis (London: Athlone Press, 1962), pp. 30-32. Also see J. K. Fairbank, The United States and China (New ed., completely rev. and enl.; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958), pp. 94-5,
32 Wang Hsien-ch'ien, K'ang-hsi, 4:9a.
33 Huang-ch'ao tz'u-lin tien-ku, 21:22a-24a.
34 Ibid., 24a-b.
35 Ibid., 24b-25a.
36 Ibid., 22:1b-2a.
37 Ibid., 22:4a-4b.
38 Wang Hsien-ch'ien, Ch'ien-lung, 3:34a.
39 Ch'ing-shih, vol. 2, 1375.
40 Ta-Ch'ing hui-tien, 84:4a-b.
41 Ta-Ch'ing hui-tien, 84:3b.
42 Huang-ch'ao tz'u-lin tien-ku, 22:12b.
43 W. A. P. Martin, The Hanlin Papers: Essays on the Intellectual Life of the Chinese (London: Trübner & Co., New York: Harper Brothers, 1880), pp. 24-26.
44 Huang-ch'ao tz'u-lin tien-ku, 23:20b.
45 Consult Fa Shih-shan ... (16 chüan in 6 ts'e, preface dated 1799), Ch'ing-pi shu-wen ...
46 Shang Yen-liu, p. 92; Huang-ch'ao tz'u-lin tien-ku, 24:19b-20a.
47 Ta-Ch'ing hui-tien, 84:4b.
48 Huang-ch'ao tz'u-lin tien-ku, 24:20b.
49 Ibid., 24:28b-29a, 10a-10b.
50 Ibid., 24:21a-21b.
51 Ibid., 24:22a.
52 Ta-Ch'ing li-ch'ao shih-lu ... (compiled by Man-chou ti-kuo kuo-wu-yüan, 4664 chüan, Tokyo, 1937-38), Shih-tsung, 44:9a-b.
53 Huang-ch'ao tz'u-lin tien-ku, 24:22b-23a.
54 Ibid.
55 Ibid., 24:24a-25a.
56 Ta-Ch'ing li-ch'ao shih-lu, Shih-tsung, 15:15a-b; also see The Chinese, Their History and Culture, 531-533.
57 See The Hanlin Papers and Ho Ping-ti, Studies on the Population of China, 1368-1953,