YK.LIN
N.
REDUCED THROUGH TICKETS TO KUROPE VIA USA, VARYING FROM 183 TO £12) ON SALE
SAN FRANCISCO vin Shanghai, Japan Ports & Honolulu.
TAIYO MARU
Tuesday, Wednesday,
9th June. 24th June.
2nd June.
30th June.
SEATTLE, VANCOUVER via Shanghai & Japan Ports.
LONDON, MARSEILLES, ANTWERİ, ROTTERDAM via
CHICHIBU MARU
HIYE MARU
Tuesday,
HEIAN MARU
Tuesday,
Singapore, Penang, Colombo, Suez.
KATORI MARU
Saturday,
KASHIMA MARU
Saturday,
13th June. 27th June.
SYDNEY & MELBOURNE via Manila & Ports.
ATSUTA MARU
Saturday,
27th June,
KAMO MARU
Saturday,
26th July.
BOMBAY via Singapore, Penang, & Colombo.
KAGA MARU
† HAKODATE MARU
SOUTH
Thursday,
Saturday,
AMERICA (West Coast) via Japan,
Los Angeles, Mexico und Panama, GINYO MARU
11th June.
27th June..
Honolulu,
30th June.
Tuesday,
NEW YORK, BOSTON via Parama,
+ TAKETOYO MARU
Sunday,
14th June.
†TATSUNO MARU
Saturday,
4th July.
LIVERPOOL via Port Said, Stamboul (Constantinople), Genoa.
† DAKAR MARU
Monday,
15th June.
CALCUTTA via Singapore, Penang & Rangoon.
PENANG MARU
+
་
† CALCUTTA MARU
Monday, Monday,
8th June. 15th June.
† TAJIMA MARU
Thursday,
4th June. 5th June. 12th June,
SHANGHAL, KOBE & YOKOHAMA,
† MURORAN MARU (Moji direct). Friday. HAKONE MARU
↑ Cargo only.
Friday,
For further information apply to:--NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA,
Telephone 30291.
0.
Private exchange to all departments.)
K.
SAILINGS FROM HONG KONG BUBJECT TO ALTERATION.
LONDON, HAMBURG, ROT: Andes Mara
RIO DE JANEIRO, SANTOS] Montevideo Maru
BOMBAY via Singapore, Sumatru Maru
LOURENCO Chicago Maru
Thurs.,
11th June
Fri.,
26th June
Wed.,
Fri
3rd June
5th June
5th June
2nd June 1
TERDAM & ANTWERP:
VIA Singapore,
Colombo,,
Suez & Port Said.
&
BUENOS AIRES
vis
Saigon, Singapore, Colom
bo. Durban & Capetown.
DURBAS; HEIRA, DAR-1
Belawan Deli & Colombo.
ES-SALAAM. ZANZIBAR
& MOMBASA via Singa
pore te
& Calambo.
MELBOURNE via
Manila, Sydney Maru
Fri.,
Brisbane & Sydney.
CALCUTTA via Singapore, Tacoma Meru
Tues.,
***
TACOMA &
VICTORIA, SEATTLE,
Belawan Deli & Rangoon.
VANCOUVER
via Japan Ports.
VI
NEW YORK via Japan porta. Kinni Maru
Los Angeles &
Panama. Tokai Mary
Mon., Wed.,
Call Direct at Boston.
Philadelphia & Baltimore.
JAPAN PORTS (Freight Ser-] Atlas Maru
Sun,
14th June
vice).
HAIPHONG via Hoihow & Menado Maru (under
Pakhoi (Fortnightly).
docking)
KEELUNG vip Swatow & Canton Maru
Thurs.,
Sun.,
Amoy (3 p.m. every Sun- Hozan Maru dny).
Sun
TAKAO vin Swalow & Amoy Deli Mara
Thurs.,
11th Jano
7th June 14th June
4th June
(Fortnightly).
For further particulars please apply to:-
OSAKA SHOSEN KAISHA.
Telephone 28061.
Donations and Subscriptions must
now be sent to the Hon. Treasurer,
Mrs. H. E. Goldsmith, 525, The Peak.
1st June 9th July
HONG KONG BENEVOLENT SOCIETY.
SHIPBUILDERS,
SHIP REPAIRERS,
BOILER MAKERS,
FORGE MASTERS, OXY-ACETYLENE, AND
ELECTRIC WELDERS, MECHANICAL, AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS.
of a
NAVIGATION BY WIRELESS.
Direction-Finding Devices.
frame
with
ROTATING BEACON.
THE
each
CHINA MAIL.
previous tests.
ping Intelligence
The results of į guiations about 40 British ships observation on the Orfordness.jwould be required to be equipped bencon forwarded by various with direction-finders. Quite! ships to the Board of Trade are apart from any such regulation, annlysed in the report referred however, the usefulness of the to above, and confirm, on techni- direction-finder may be judged cal grounds, the favourable opin from the fact that just over 1,200 ion previously formed of the out of the 3,600 British ships system.
given in carrying wireless are fitted with The results the report definitely established direction-finders. Nevertheless, the claim of this beacon system it is thought that a good many to be regarded as a competitor, of the ships not yet fitted with! so far as accuracy is concerned, direction-finders are likely to re with
some years without other systems of radio main for direction-finding at present in such equipment. The question general use.
arises whether something should be done for such ships by the erection of a limited number of rotating beacons, or whether it should be left to the owners to equip them with direction- finders. On this there is a con- siderable difference of opinion.
of a vessel. The
J
MONDAY, JUNE 1, 1931.
000
4
GREAT WHITE LINERS
Largest and fastest on
the Pacific cut
DAYS OFF
Ocean travel to the
Pacific Coast.
Shanghai
Hong Kong
Lenta
June 5 June
Aiute
INOKA
Yokohama Honolulu
LEATE
Drars
8 June 11 June 13
11
8
Venfajtor
Artise
June 22
3 July 8
July 20
31 Aug.
Aug.
Aug
Sept. 14 Sept. 27
Empress of Asia Empress of Canada June 20 June 23 Juna 25 June 27 July Empress of Russia
July 3 July G July 9 July Empress of Japan July 18 July 21 July 23 July 25 July Empress of Asia July 31 Aug. 3 Aug. 6 Aug.
of Empress Canada Aug. 15 Aug. 18
18 Aug. 20 Aug. 22 Empress of Russia Aug. 28 Aug. 31 Sept. 3 Sept. 5 Empress of Japan. Sept. 12 Sept. 15 Sept. 17 Sept, 19 Empress of Asin Sept. 25 Sept. 28 Get. 1 Oct. 3 Empress of Canada Oct. 10 Oct. 18 Oct. 15 Oct. 17 Empress of Russia Oct, 21 Oct, 26 Oct. 29 Oct. 31
"Empress of Russia" and "Empress of Asia" call at Nayasakl.
Oct. 12 Oct. 25
Nov. 9
June 25
HONG KONG---MANILA.
Leave Hong Kong Arrive Manila
June 12
June 14 June 27
EMPRESS OF CANADA EMPRESS OF RUSSIA
For further information please apply to:
CANADIAN PACIFIC World's Greatest Travel System.
Telephones: Passenger 20752.
Freight 20042.
Telephone: Hong Kong All Depts. GACANPAC: Passenger Dept. Cable Address: NAUTILUS: Freight Dept.
BRITISH WUCHOW
LINE
SAILING DATES FOR JUNE, 1931 (Subject to Change). DEPARTURE HOURS: Hong Kong 5.30 p.m., Wuchow 3 p.m. S.S. "TAI HING”
Arrives Hong Kong.
[1,068 tona-Capt. Trott.]
Lerves Hong Kong
Arrives
Leaves
Wuchow
Wuchow
MON,
1st
WED.
3rd THURS. 4th
FRI.
SUN.
7th
TUES. 9th
FRI
12th
SUN
14th
WED. MON.
198 15th
THURS. 18th
WED.
TUES. 30th
24th
SAT.
20th
FRL 26th
SAT. WED.
THURS. 2nd
5th THURS. 11th
TUES. 16th 22nd
SUN. 21st MON.
27th SUN. 28th 3rd SAT. 4th
It is urged against the rotating beacon, therefore, that this and other
countries are already largely committed to the radio direction-inder on
board ship and the fixed beacon on shore, and that in the present financial crisis in the shipping industry it is unnecessary to ask ship- owners to pay increased dues in order to provide rotating beacons in addition. These, it is also pointed out, are more costly to erect and maintain than fixed beacons, while it is impossible to leave them to be operated by lighthouse keepers as is the case for and against the erection of with the fixed beacons, nor, on further rotating beacons, but in account of site considerations, view of the present crisis in the can they be erected at important shipping industry the financial navigation points as, for exam- aspect of the problem is of para- ple, on rocks or on lightships. mount importance. In better
Ports of Call-Samshui, Shuihing, Takhing & Doshing. Fares Return (not including meals) $18.00.
Meals and Wines are to be obtained on board. Hong Kong Arrivals & Departures from Tai Hing Wharf.
For information apply tom
29, Connaught Road, West, Phone 20893.
Co.,
The British seaman has always been cautious of relying for the safety of his ship on any device in which he has not the fullest confidence. Moreover, like the Navy, the British Mercantile Shore Direction-Finding. Marine is a silent service; it is It may, therefore, be of inter- not often that the landsman has est to discuss the present posi- an opportunity of knowing the tion of the direction-finding ser- opinions of British seamen on vices Available for the any particular question. Espe- mariner. Apart from the cially interesting, therefore, is Orforduess rotating beacon two the symposium of the opinions of methods of direction-finding are
For the service of ships equip- -21 masters of British merchant used. The first of these is to ped with direction-finders a num- vessels on the latest means
of place the direction-finding ap- ber of special transmitting_sta- radio direction-finding. This isaratus at special shore stations tions (fixed beacons) have been contained in a report on the which on request supply bear- erected both In Britain and Orfordness Rotating Beacon pub-ings to ships who make the trans- abroad. In Britain the fixed lished by the Department of missions necessary for the ob- beacons are,
with three excep- Scientific and Industrial Reservations. The Post Office main- tions, erected and maintained by search. This beacon enables tain one special station of this the general Light-house. Authori ships to obtain wireless bearings description at the Lizard, while ties as a charge on the General without the use of any special six of the Post Office shore wire Lighthouse Fund. This fund de radio direction-finder on board less stations namely. Niton, rives its revenue mainly from ship. All that is required is an Mablthorpe, Cullercoats, Port- the light dues paid by ships en- ordinary wireless receiving ap patrick, Malin Head, Wick-tering British ports, and the cost paratus and a watch or clock with carry out direction-finding ser of providing beacons falis, à seconds' hand.
vices in addition to their other therefore, on shipping. prin. The principle on which
the duties. Dependence on shore cipally British.. For some years beacon works is very simple. direction-finding stations has, now a programme for the erec-1 The transmitting aerial consists however, been rapidly supple- tion of fixed beacons at import- rectangular frame which mented by the use of the alterna- ant navigation points has been rotates once in one minute. It is tive system under which the carried out with the support" of the property of such a frame direction-finder is installed on British shipowners. Under this that the signals from it, at a board ship, and the ship deter-programme 14 beacons have been given receiver, are strongest mines her position by reference completed and are now working, when the frame points towards to a non-directional transmit- while four others are in course of the receiver, and gradually de- ting station on shore.
construction. In addition to crease in intensity as the frame
A shore direction-finder has these, three small beacons have is rotated until they vanish when advantage in that the equipment been erected by local lighthouse the line from the transmitter to is erected on a selected site care- authorities. The English Chan. the receiver is exactly at rightfully calibrated for site errors, nel, and in particular its south. angles to the frame. As the and the bearings are obtained by western approaches, is well pro is further rotated the personnel skilled in this type of vided for, as are the East Coast signals again increase, the whole radio work. The system thus of England and the approaches effect being similar to that met probably provides the most ac-
to St. George's Channel, case of portable curate means in the
of obtaining the broadcast receivers. The vanish bearing of a ship by wireless. ing point in a properly designed Nevertheless, in the case of the transmitter is very sharply mark- larger ships at any rate, the ed. In applying this property to slightly increased accuracy does a directional transmitter a con- not outweigh the disadvantages tinuous signal is started
which the system presents to time the rotating frame is at the master right angles to the direction of shipmaster is as a rule of an true north. If, therefore, the ob independent nature and prefers server in the receiving ship notes to have the means the time on his watch at which bearings under his own control, of taking the continuous signal begins and and dislikes having his position determines the moment at which worked out and broadcast to him it passes through the zero value, from a land station. the angle through which the congested areas and foggy wea Also in frame has turned can easily be ther it may be convenient for found, since the number of de-him to wait his turn among other grees the frame rotates in 8 second is known.
ships requiring bearings. Again, This angle with a direction-finder on board gives the bearing from true ship the bearing of another ves- north. In actual practice modi sel sending out wireless signals, fications are introduced to meet can be obtained, and this is a The value to safety of life at sea times there is little doubt that Kaltangata, British str., 1,201 tons, the case in which the ship is near-matter of great importance in of a direction-finder on board the majority would be on the ly north or south of the trans- the case of the receipt of a dis-ship for locating the source of an side of regarding fixed and rotat- treas signal or in foggy wea-S.O.S. cali is also strongly eming beacons as complementary, tem have been developed by the tish direction-finding
Rotating beacons on this systher. Finally in the case of Bri- phasised, and in this connection but in the meanwhile it is neces
stations the fear is expressed Air Ministry for aerial naviga- the ship is charged a fee of 5a, provision of rotating beacons mands of shipping as regards that the sary to see that the essential de- tion, and a long study of the ap for
each bearing ohtained, would discourage the installa-safety and assistance to naviga- plication of the system to marine which, although small, probably tion of di. ection-finders in ships tion are provided at the mini- navigation was carried out by prevents more use of the stations not compulsorily required to mum cost. For financial reasons, the Radio Research Board. The being made than can be avoided. carry them. results of this investigation were The
therefore, it has been decided communicated to the Wireless bearings given by Post Office
total number of wireless Advantages of Rotating Beacon, that no new fixed beacons should Direction-finding Committee of stations to vessels of the Mer to the rotating beacon point out onding March 31, 1982, but that Those more favourably inclined be begun during the 12 months the Board of Trade, who, mainly cantile Marine in the last few the popularity of the present the experiment of the Orford Patroclus, British str., 6,910 tons, as a result of this work, recom inended the erection of a rotating 9,018; 1928, 8,010-1929, 10,840; the smaller vessel, and the advan-continued during that time.
follows:-1927, experimental beacon, its value to ness rotating beacon should be beacon at Orfordness in Suffolk,
1930, 9,140. Of the bearings tages which the rotating beacon the meanwhile research aspects where the system could be tried! out by ships at ses when the given in 1980, 3,264 were fur possesses on technical and finan- of the problem are being con- nished by the Lizard, 1,986 by cial grounds over the shore sidered by the Radio Research Niton, and 1.555 by Cullercoats.
direction-finding stations, which, Beard of the Department of although perhaps not extensively Scientific and Industrial Re used, could not be closed without search.—Ex. something equivalent being put In their place. They see no rea- son why a limited number of rotating beacons should not be
Friday, May 29. selected points Mao Lee, Chinese str., 1,200 tons, put at certain where site considerations would
Captain Y. Watanabe, from further research might do much not be acute, and consider, that
Dairen, busy No. B17-Yee Tại Hong. to reduce maintenance costs, re- Produce, Norwegian str., 743 tons, garding which there is at present Capt. C. W. Engelertsen, from little reliable information. In
Keelung, buoy No. C48.-K. Larsen & Co. any case, they consider that
owner of small ships who is not
Capi, E. Coleborn, from Amoy, prepared to face the cost of
buoy No. A9.-M. M. & Co. equipping his vessele with direc-Trier German str. 5,401 tons, tion-finders. It has also been
Capt. J. Jackens, from Shang- suggested, that further research
hai, buoy No. AT-Melchers may lead to rotating beacons of & Co. longer range being designed, so
Saturday, May 80." that a few such beacons suitably Albert Sarraut, French str., 1,181 placed would enable all ships fit
tons, Capt. Benoist, from Sal ted with wireless receivers to gon, buoy No. B18.-M.M. steer better courses and to make Borneo British str., 1,296 tons, more accurate. landfalls with a
Capt. RA. Pritchard, from corresponding saving in time and
Saigon, buoy No. A15-Wo Fat fuelThe cost to the shipowner
Sing,
mitter.
personnel taking the observa-
tions would be comparatively an. trained compared with the skill. ed observers who carried out the
- DRY DOCK -
THE TAIKOO DOCKYARD & ENGINEERING COMPANY
OF HONG KONG, LIMITED.
SALVAGE TUG “TAIKOO”
Wireless Call
WP.G.N. 500 Meters
Tel. Address ↑ "TAIKOODOCK," HONG KONG.
Telephone No. 30211G12ARIN Call Fing': “C” över “ ANS, PENNANT.".
Length 787 Feet. Length on Blocks 750 Feet. Depth on Centre of
SID (LW.O.S.T.). 34 ft. 6. ins. THREE SLIPWAYS
Capable of Handling Ships Up
to 8,000 Tons Displacement. Electric Crane at Sea Wall, Capehle of Lifting 100 Tons at 70 Feet Radius
BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE,
HONG KONG CHINA & JAPAN
AGENTS.
years are as
ARRIVALS OF SHIPS.
In
SANG WO Lid.
A rotating radio beacon pro- vides a similar service to that of a shore direction-finding station and possesses none of the disad. vantages referred to above. On grounds of accuracy the rotating beacon compared with 籍 direction-finder on board ship has an advantage in the case of small vessels. With a direction |finder on board ship the bearing ia observed relative to the ship's head, and the accuracy of hearing is limited by the accuracy with which a ship's compass indicates something should be done for the Tilawa, British atr.. 8,169. tona,
instantaneous direction of her head. In a rough seas ship's head may swing 5 deg. or more, and there is probably a lag between the actual direction of the ship's head and the reading of the compass. Also with a direction-finder on board a cor- rection or compensation has to be made for the effect of the metal of the ship's hull and the pre- sence of stays or other metal
the
near the direction-finder In taking bearings from a rotating beacon these difficulties do not
arise.
3
of auch beacons might be reduced Chian Lee, Chinese etr., 1,850 tons, by contributions from the International Convention. at Sea Convention the provision navigation. Indeed, the Air City
Under the last Safety of Life authorities responsible for terial
of direction-finding equipment
Ministry has borne half the cost
on board ships will be compulsory of the Orfordness rotating bea- for passenger steamers of 5,000 o
tons and upwards on and after,
It will be seen, therfore, that July 1, 1988. Under these re- there are strong arguments both
Capt. E. Ishii, from Canton, buoy No. 110. Toe Tải Hong of Elwood, American str.,
8,822-tons, Capt H. T. Hochw, from Manila, buoy No. AG-L. Everett Inc,
AS Hydranges, British str., 501 tons, -Captain PW. Grierson, from
On
Wharf.-
Swntow, Chiu Chiu On S.S. Co. Hellas, Norwegian str. 1,114 tons, Capt. J. Davidson, from Swa- tow, buoy No. C2.-Thoresen & Co.
Captain G. H. Wilkins, from Bangkok, Yaumati Anchorage. -Williamson & Co.
Kinai Maru, Japanese str., 5,040
tons, Capt. T. Yamaguchi, from Nagasaki, buoy No. A6.- O.S.K.
Kweiyang, British str., 1,850 tons, Capt. A. Cook, from Hɔlhow, buoy No. B9.-B. & S. Liangchow, British str., 1,219 tons, Capt. D. Wilson, from Salgon, buoy No. B27.-B. & S.
Capt. G. T. Clark, from Sin- gapore, Holt's Wharf--B. & S. President Fillmore, American str., 9,391 tons, Captain W. O. Kohlmeister, from Son Fran- cleco, Kowloon Dock-Dollar S.S. Line. Pre:$dent Taft, American str., 14,128 tons, Capt K. A. Ahlin, from Manila, Kowloon Wharf, --A.M.L.
Suchow, British str., 1,594 tons, Capt, R. H. Fairley, from Swa- tow buoy No. B20-B, & S. Szechuen British str., 1,594 tons, Capt. S. M. Barling, from Can- ton, buoy No, B14.-B. & S. Yuen Sang, British str., 8,229 tons, Capt. J. W. Pettigrew from Calcutta and Straits, Kowloon Wharf.-J. M. & Co.
Sunday, May 31. Adrastus, British str., 4,948 tons,
Captain D. L. C. Evans, from Singapore, Holt's Wharf. B. & S. Benmacdhui, British str., 4,199 tons, Capt. J. R. Bothwell, from Sin- gapore, Kowloon Wharf-Gibb, Livingston & Co.
7:
Gertrude Maersk, Danish str., 3,155 tons, Capt. 0.. Nielson, from Shanghai, busy No, A12-Jeb- se & Co. Michael. Jebsen, Danish, str., 1,342 tons, Captain H.. Ipland, from Holhow, buòy.' No. C1.-Chin Seng Hong.
pora, Dutch str. 1,894 tons, Capt.
8 Bakker, from Samarinda, Yaumati Anchorage. JOJ.L. Walching, British str., 170 tons, Capt. A. Sinclair, from Canton, buoy No B22,4. M. & Co.