SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1929.
AN IMPERIAL PROBLEM
THE CONTROL OF TROPICAL DISEASE
care.
Malarial Ravages
be controlled by
various
means.
in sunk
a common
THE CHINA MAIL,
domestic stock.
tropical Africa.
is
Blackwater Fever
more
Although the initial and romantic days of research in tropical disease are past, there are many important problems facing the scientist. The causation and treat- ment of blackwater fever, perhaps
are
15
World Famous Stories
hausted.
QUEEN VASHTI
Amazing spectaclei
[By Thomas De Witt Talmage}
amid
the
fever has been known for centuries, Sleeping sickness Or try- with the Afriéan are available, but yet epidemics have continued: Dur-panosomiasis is prevalent in tropical there is every reason to believe that ing the past few years thousands "Africa. In West Africa it has health of the indigenous population perished of this disease in French been endemic, for many years, in- has improved considerably. West Africa. Great advances have capacitating and killing thousands. been isolated and a vaccine prepared Now the virulence of the disease that is capable of protecting Bus- seems to be lessening in that part of ceptible monkeys against many African In 1901 the disease broke Tropical hygiene and preventive that filariasis was transmitted by is hoped that such a vaccine will killing, it is said, over two hundred times a fatal dose of the virus. It out in epidemic form in Uganda, medicine are of paramount import- the mosquito- Culex fatigans. `Some!
confer immanity to man and so rid thousand people in five years, Not ance to all interested in the advance years later Laveran, working in of civilisation, the material develop Algiers, showed that malaria is the Tropics of the most dreaded of only does the disease affect human the most
all diseases.
common cause of death We stand amid the palaces of bows, falling in crystalline baptism @ beings, but it is also fatal to ment, and the mental and moral caused by minute parasites inhabit-
Horses and cattle among Europeans living in tropical Shushan. The pinnacles are affame upon fowering shrubs then roll- In uplift of tropical and sub-tropical ing the red cells of the blood.
Hookworm Disease
ing down through channels of mar- countries and their inhabitants. the light of Manzon's work, scient- Hookworm disease or ankylost. cannot be kept in many parts of Africa, are still in the, region of with the morning light.
speculation, as are the problems of The columns rise festooned and ble, and widening out here and The importance of the subject can- | ists," by a fine process of scientifiĵomiasis," although not
This is of great the transmission, and treatment of wreathed, the wealth of empires there into pools swirling with the not be exaggerated. It has been induction, argued that malaria must cause of death, is of great economic economic importance to the native.
kal-azar in the Far East and the flashing from the grooves; the coil-finny tribes of foreign aquariums, said that the degree of civilisation be transmitted by a mosquito. It and social importance. It is one
The Tsetse Fly
control and treatment of try-ings adorned with images of bird bordered with scarlet anemones, of a people may be judged by the was destined that the honour of the of the most common diseases in the Great progress has been made in panosomiasis in South "America, and boast, and the scenes of hypericums, and many coloured position of the women; so, the final proof was to fall to the lot of world, affecting, it is said, half a the treatment of sleeping sickness The methods in use to-day of deal-prowess and conquest. The walls ranunculus; meats of rarest bird efficiency of the government of a Sir Ronald Ross, who, working in billion people. It is prevalent in during recent years. To-day, cases ing with mosquitoes and tsetse fy are hung with shields, and om- and beast smoking up amid wreaths tropical country may be gauged by the blazing heat of an August all parts of the Tropics. In West treated during the early stages of are beset with many difficulties and blazoned until it seems that the of aromatics; the vases filled with the incidence of preventable disease. afternoon in the Deccan in 1897, Africa it is almost universal. In the malady can be cured. The pre- are so costly that heavy burdens are whole round of splendours is ex-apricots and almonds; the basket The Imperialist knows that vast saw through a lens in the dissected India from sixty to eighty per cent. vention of the spread of the disease imposed on young countries...
piled up with apricots and dates portions of the Empire
and that are stomach of an anopheles mosquito of the inhabitanty are infected. Its is of greater importance than the The British Colonial Medical Ser- Each arch is a mighty leap of ind figs,
oranges, and potentially rich and able to support | small circular bod es and realised in importance was first realised in cure of the sick. The tsetse fly is vice is the largest and most efficient architectural achievement-golden pomegranates; melons tastefully large populations that may in time a flash that they were the parasites the United States where for genera-, the vector, no the problem of the tropical health sevice in the world. stara shining down on glowing twined with leaves of acacia; the form loyal self-governing dominions of malaria.
tions the more virile Notherners control of the disease resolves itself Both in numbers and in professional arabesque; hangings of embroider-bright waters of Eulaeus filling the can never be developed until disease)
Destruction of Parasites looked on the "poor whites" of the into the control of the fly. The atatus there have been great imed work, in which mingle the blue urns, and sweating outside the rim
ness of the sky, the greenness of in is vanquished. On humanitarian
flashing beads To-day, we know that malaria can South as good-for-nothing wasters, chief measure consists in clearing provements within recent years the grass and the whiteness of the traceries; wine from the royal vata grounds it is our bounden duty to
sordid
and along the banks of streams the dense Research and specialization poverty confer all the benefits of moderu
sea foam, tapestries hung on silver of Ispahan and Shiraz, in bottles of It was, however, found bush in which the flies breed. This encouraged. Theoretically, it is possible to pre- ignorance. science on the primitive peoples
a costly and unsatisfactory vent the occurrence of fresh cases that the cause of their backward-
It is these men and women, work-rings, welding together the pillars tinged shell, and lily-shaped cups
of marble.
of silver, and flagons and "tankards whom destiny has committed to our by the destruction of the parasites nees was that millions of the South- method as the traveller realizes as ing often under conditions of great
Pavilions reach out in every of solid gold. The industrialist seeking new
in the blood of all infected persons, erners were infected with hookworm soon as he sees the dense and often difficulty and loneliness, in trying direction those for repose, filled
Gibble of Tools. openings for commerce knows that
But the wholesale "quininisation that poisoned their systems, sapped impenetrable vegetation that covers climates and uncongenial surround- with luxuriant couches in which countries scourged by disease and
The music rises higher, and tho of the innumerable ings, who wage haunted by death can yield but a More valuable are anti-mosquito mental and physical growth.
of the community is impractical. their vitality, and stunted both their the banks
a ceaseless war weary limbs sink until all fatigue revelry breaks out into wilder trans- streams and rivers of tropical against disease, in very truth bear is submerged; those for carousal, port, and the wine has flushed the small fraction of their wealth.
The results of treatment are
Africa. Research is being carried ing the white man's burden. A where kings drink down a kingdom cheek and touched the brain and measures, such as the drainage of Decimating the Population ́
The managers of large out in Nigeria and Uganda to dis- Physician Overseas in the "Empire at one swallow. amazing. swamps, the filling in of stagnant
louder than all other voices are the For centuries malaria, cholera, pools, and the
coffee estates in the West Indies be cover more effective and less costly Review" lavish US$ of
hleeough of the inebriates, the gab methods. re- plague, small-pox, yellow fever, and petroleum or some other larvicide.ieve that hookworm disease
Space does not permit of more
Heavenly Vision
ble of fools, and the song of the sleeping sickness fave been the Where such measurea have been duces the efficiency of labourers
cursory mention of those
Light of silver dripping down | drunkards. Scourge of the Tropics, decimating carried out, the number of malaria- from thirty-five to fifty per cent. than s
over stairs of ivory on shields of In another part of the palace gold; floors of stained marble, sun- Vashti the population, at times practically carrying mosquitoes has been great- In sugar plantations in British diseases which have followed in the
.ន entertaining the wiping out whole communities, ally reduced, with a corresponding Guiana, after the labourers had wake of civilization and to which
set red and night black, and inlaid princesses of Persia at a banquet ways a terror and a curse, a brake improvement, in the health of the been treated for hookworm, the the native is often very susceptible.
with gleaming pearl. Why, it seems Drunken King Ahasuerus says to on progress, a barrier to civilisation. community. By these methods the working power of the gangs im. Thus, in the early years of the Diseases such as malaria and hook-most malarious regions in the world owners of tea gardens in the Dar-ed Polynesia; venereal disease and Kong for August (Standard time of prase had descended and alighted women, and bring her to this ban- as if a heavenly vision of amethyst, his servants: "Go out and fetch The nineteenth century measles decimat- proved a hundred per cent.
Sunrise and Sunset in Hong and jacinth, and topaz, and chryso-Vashti from that banquet with the worm sap the vitality, exhaust, the have been rendered almost free. energy, and undermine the character/ 1900 over 16,000 deaths occurred Jeeling district are of the opinion tubercle, introduced originally by the 120th Meridian, East of Green- upon Shushafi. It seems as if a quet with the men, and let me dis of peoples. To-day, however, the annually in Italy from malaria; that treatment increases the labour Europeans and Arabs, are to-day wich), are as follow:
billow of celestial glory had dash-play her beauty." Sunrise. Sunset. ed clear over heaven's battlements The servants immediately start majority of these diseases can be to-day, deaths from this cause can efficiency of the coolies by twenty- rampant in many parts of Africa.
five to fifty per cent.
In the post-war years French troops, August
upon this metropolis of Persia.. to obey the king's command, but cured. What is far more important, be counted in hundreds. In 1902
demobilized on the Upper Niger, 10 Dire Results the spread of all can be prevented in lamailia on the Suez Canal over
In connection with this palace there was a rule in Orient society scattered all over West Africa cases of malaria occurred and controlled. A generation ago
there is a garden, where the mighty that as woman might appear in Apart from the monetary loss spreading typhus and relapsing plague originating in the Far East annually among a population of that the disease causes, the retard-fever which caused, it is said, at
men of foreign lands are seated at public without having her face a banquet. spread in a great pandemic involv. fewer than 10,000.
Under the spread of veiled. Yet here was a mandate ing effects on education and civiliza- least a hundred thousand deaths. Ing India, Madagascar, and Capd measures were introduced and four tien are very marked. In the Docs hygiene pay? Does money 'Town as well as many other places, years later not a single new case Southern States of America many spent on research work give any causing millions of deaths. To-day, was reported.
families were sunk for generations return? An article in a recent issue of in illiteracy and ignorance from dis- health
The improvement in the. although plague still smoulders in
and happiness of the Kenya Medical the ports of West Africa and the
Journal"
ablement, the result of bookworm European residents alone would be Far East, its spread can be and is illustrates the value of anti-malarial disease. In many communities a in itself a sufficient return. At one being prevented.
measures. Malaria was prevalent large proportion of the children time it was estimated that of ten Undoubtedly, malaria is the most among the hundred and fifty labour-could not attend school' because of Europeans going to certain parta of important of all tropical diseases.ers employed on an estate in one of mental and physical impairment and Africa nine would be dead or in- Ne lees an authority than Sir Ronald the most unhealthy parts of East other diseases twokworm does not valided within three years. In 1904 After anti-malarial mea-kill the weak and unfit, but, working the death-rate of European officials Roes has stated that malaria de-Africa, stroys more lives than any other sures were introduced the working subtly, undermines the physique in British West Africa was 27.3 disease. Sir Patrick Hehir, of the efficiency of the men, was increased and mental life of the community. per 1,000, whereas in 1926 the death Indian Medical Service, recently by thirty per
Shortly The malady spreads rapidly where rate. cent.
was down to 3.6 per 1,000; estimated that a million deaths are before, two of the Europeans in sanitation is defective and is pro- during the same period the invalid- caused every year in India alone by charge had died of blackwater gressive, for, there is no natural ing rate fell from 67.2 to 19.2 per this disease. It must be remember fever, which is thought to be a cure.
1,000. No definite figures dealing ed that every
death from malaria complication of malaria. The others. means that at least two hundred were constantly sick. After mo8-| people are invalided and rendered quito-proof houses were finished, unfit for work for varying periods. two days only were last through In all parts of the tropical and sub- fever among five Europeans employ- tropical world malaria is a serious! ed on the estate, but both cazes were problem.
recurrences of old-standing illness.
Many Infants Succumb
In West Africa and in many other
2,000
"The
In
Anti-malaria
A Hot-Bed of. Malaria Twenty years ago a rubber estatel
was
parts of the Tropice malaria is so in Malaya was a hot-bed of malaria.
hospital widespread that hardly any of the The
overflowing; inhabitants reach maturity without graves were dug daily. The Euro- suffering to some extent. The pean supervisors and native labour- majority of the infants are infected ers were contantly sick. Often the shortly after birth; many succumb labourers had to leave their daily to the disease. Thus, malaria is one tasks unfinished because of sickness. of the chief factors responsible for An anti-malarial campaign was in the appalling infant mortality in the stituted. In twelve years' time
ropics.
(In West Africa the in- conditions were so altered that the fant mortality is estimated at 400 hospital was empty, the grave- per thousand births, in London it is diggers idle, the workers happy and about 75 per thousand). Those healthy, and the monetary return. children who survive develop some from the...estate had Increased degree of tolerance, yet are subject several times.
to recurring attacks which exhaust! their physique.
From the early days of explora tion, yellow fever has been the
In addition to the misery, curse of tropical America and West poverty, sickness,
death Africa. Together with malaria it
and
that malaris causes, it drains had rendered Panama one of the the energy, lowers the men- most unhealthy places in the world, tality and weakens the morale a charnel house of disease and of its victims. Classical scholars death. More than any other factor have adduced considerable evi- it was these diseases that failed the dence suggesting that one of the French attempt to construct the chief factors that brought about the Panama Canal, Relay after rely of decline of ancient Greek civilisation labourers perished. On one occasion was the spread of malaria. To-day, eighteen young French engineers peoples among whom malaria is handed; within a month all but one widespread are lacking in energy. had died of yellow fever. Old sea Initiative, and enterprise. To use a men tell of the days when in the Caledonianism, they are "feckless," harbour of Rio, there were at times or, to use a more expressive vulgar- fifteen or twenty vessels lying fam, they have "no guts. A derelict, every soul on board having dogmatic statement is out of place,died of yellow fever. The cause of for there are many other factora, the disease was shrouded in racial and climatic, that may be mystery. A hundred years ago contributory.j
thinking men seriously suggested The Romans Theory
that epidemics were caused by From time immemorial malaria comets. The heroic work of Ameri- has destroyed lives and wasted can researchers in Cuba in 1900 countries, but til thirty years ago proved that the disease was trans- no sure means of prevention was mitted by the bite of the Aedes known. The Romans knew that egypti or tiger mosquito, ao-called swamps predisposed to malaria and because of its striped livery. This se by draining marches rendered knowledge, together with the epoch- infected areas healthy. In the making work of Sir Ronald Ross, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries enabled Surgeon-General Gorgas, to malaria-or ague, as it was then whom the American Government called was widespread many entrusted the all-impor work of parts of England and Scotland. In disease control,
yellow the early days of American colonisa fever completely
Ganal Hon, malaria was prevalent in New zone and to redt „England. With the drainage that from malurla
ivation
has cent in less than lands before had
of the and preventive
clearly proved
thousands of lives and
Although the contro
Modern Circe Confesses
STANDARD TIME.
SUNRISE AND SUNSET IN COLONY
a.m.
11
p.m. 5.58 6.59 5.58 6.58
12
5.59
6.57
13
5.59
6.57
14
5.59 6.56
15
6.00
6.55
16
6.00
6.54.
17
6.01
18
6.01
19
6.02
20
21
22
6.03
23
6.53 6.5% 6.52 8.02 6.51 6.02 6.51 6.50 6.03 6.49
24
6.03
6.48
25
6.03
6.47
26
6.04
6.46
37
6.04 €45
28
6.04
24
30
6.05
31
6.05
6.44 6.04. 6.43 6.42 6.41
ORC
The virtuous Councilman Gari 1. Jacobson, center, officers. « Center below, former Disirket. Altorney Asa sbove; of Los Angeles, could not explain his presenceMePherson, in similar case, than found himself con
Keyan, who prosecuted the evangelist, Aimee Semple In the boxy cottage of Mrs. Callie Grímor, loft, fram victed. In a bribery case. - Right, Mrs. Grimes in which he was unceremoniously yanked. by raiding a pose that shows she can be charming even in jailbait
Town Shocked When Councilman Makes Front Pago in Scandal
T
the matter would be placed directly; son, courageous ponort of purity, before the ablef was aided into such of his apparel
into the police car
A raid was forthwith organized as was discarded and then, se
and it was ordinary raid Cap tain Wallis, of course, let the party g "It's a frame-up. It's a tap!” and he took with him another cap, shouted the good ecuncilman, te no tam, Frank "Knaty Williams, to avan gether with Detective Lienteriants Tried in municipal court,
the
HE GOOD people of Richard and Harry Raymond in coraalman refused to testify und Los Angeles, Cals were addition there was the star re- the furs dlangreed seven to five for amazed one fine day while porter of a big Los Angeles, dally, acquittal The charge against him perusing their papers over the bly expedition was
drop in" 40
just as was dropped. Mrs Grimes, wha un- wis phe charged with an extra-le-
cal indiscretion.
prosecuted
"who happened
their morning cups of coffee to der way them sushed either. The artair was about to read that Citizen Carl I. Jacob-
In police çare all of them
BITS.
morning
son, the dignified and energetic to 1374 Beagle Street, Mr. Grimes sink Into obscurity when foe of immorality, had been modest bungalow. Wally, Lecas Grimes put hor aten version of
what hauled to book in the same thé Raymond reconnoitored the usd happened that night fa aüdəvit
Il ta vice net that he had spent so premises, pesking to windows and forms and sold twò much of his time perfecting. He sentrally giving the hours the newspazere The grand jury bes had been apprehended in the covers All they saw was a camo interested again.
pretty young woman fly petaling player piano. No wild party was evidence and no litus girl about to toll into evil wark
home of a comely young divorcee under circumstances that were, to say the least compromising
rate
ver
Ever
The Ume both Mrs. Grimes and
Jacobson spoke loud and lung, Mrs. Grimes exonerated the councilman and declared that everything was a plot and a Craigs-up to destroy Ja-
Captain Bert Walls of the Los The oficers were about to leave, Angeles police department received they, recount, * when ↑ C Coumellman Cobann beertise of als campaign
latest trial of the flye pom who helped artest-hilim.
hone call one Jacobson's ancient automobile came againa
#1977 The snorting up the hill and påused in other end of the wire front of the Grimes home. He got liceme
ity was in out, the raiders allège, and was ad- Crusader Jacobson broke down and
that they saw there, they
WEDENABLE_Tieme testimony, about:
„house and, in danger of being clare convinced them that it was
and that it woman: Zimaltor, the ning were not done about it at once.
Land Counelintan: Jacabesto, bia vitess
Schecka: when ha Chow MranGrimes Papolosed"
oak, and linden, and acacia, the a king's command-that no one tables are arranged.
The breath of honeysuckle and frank incense fills the air. Foun- tains leap up into the light, the spray struck through with rain,
SILENT MONKS
WHERE THE WORLD IS FORGOTTEN
Cowled man who never speak but use the primitive language of signs, who never see a woman nor worry about civilisation, who work labori- ously with their hands from 4 a.m. until their bedtime at 7 pm.!
Such are the monks of Mount Melleray, the famous monastery in the Knockmealdown mountains.
Almost a hundred of them, priests and laymen, live in a tiny mediseval world of their own, chiefly doing farm work and stock-rearing.
Many are the strange stories told of Mount Melleray.
A Dublin doctor who visited the
came
dare
dispute, demanding that Vaahti come in unveiled before the multitude.
However, there was in Vashti's soul a principle more regal than Ahasuerus, more brilliant than the gold of Shushan, of more wealth than the revenue of Persia, which commanded her to disobey the order of the King; and so all the righteousness and holiness and modesty of her nature rises up into one sublime refusal: She says:
"I will not go into the banquet unveiled."
Scurn of a Nation
Of course, Ahasuerus was in- furiated; and Vashti, robbed of her position and her estate, is driven the scorn of a nation, and yet to forth in poverty and ruin to suffer receive the applause of after admire this martyr to kingly in- generations, who shall rise up to
solence
The last vestige of that feast is gone; the last garland has faded; the last arch has fallen; the last
Shushan is a ruin. tankard has been destroyed, and
monastery for a few days nevar
But as long as the world stands out again, but assumed the there will be multitude of men and cowl and habit of the monke
women, familiar with the Bible who Stranger still-such is the silence, will come into this picture gallery secrecy and disinterestedness of the of God and admire the divine monks an old priest on his death portrait of Vushti, the Queen; bed sent for a confessor, and dis- Vashti, the veiled. Vashti, the covered that the priest who came sacrifice, Vashti, the silent. was his brother.
Thomas De Wit Talmage, 1882-
They had lived together in the 1902, was an American Presby monastery for years without susterian clergyman, famops for many
eeting each other's identity.
sketches, essays, etc.)
A Guest's Welcome
When a correspondent visited the monastery he was received by a small man in brown habit and enormous shoes, and taken through the little green door in the wall. The small man was the guest brother" and he introduced the correspond dent to the guest master.
These two alone, with the excep tion of the Abbot of Mount Mel- leray; are permitted to speak for the purpose of welcoming visitors.
The guest master arranged a room, hoped the writer would stay for a week and said that tea-the Last meal of the day-would be at five o'clock.
Yet,
Some of the monks seemed of great age but sturdy with the health of an out-of-doors life, At seven o'clock, in broad daylight, they were sent to bad.
Taps for Words
A body of monks can peel potatoes
UNCLAIMED TELEGRAMS.
THE EASTERN EXTENSION
AUSTRALASIA & CHINAR
TELEGRAPH CO, LTD.
The following unclaimed tele gram is lying in the EE.. telegraph Co. office, Hong Kong?—
Shonsen, from Haiphong.
9. LACK
Superintendent, Hong Kong, 8th August, 1929.
THE GREAT NORTHERN TELEGRAPH CO., LTD., OF DENMARK,
The following claimed tele
or work in the garden, but when grams are lying at the office of the
their task is finished, no one says Grea Northern Telegraph Com
"Let's go." One then taps twice
on the ground with his foot and the others rise and follow him.
pany (Limited) of Denmark:
Sur On Long from Kobe Pak Nyal, 69, Robinson-road,
Many of them have not been out- side the walls for twenty or thirty from Kobe, years and are Ignorant of changes in dress, politics, and all the daily« things that interest, us...
A welcome la extended to visitors of every nationality or creed. They are received and entertained free for any period, though - many visitors make offerings to the monsatery before they leave its hos- pitable gates
--Hong" Chiang, from Shanghai.
Lee Yuen-sang, from Kobe SV. Chang, 72, Robertson-road, from Shanghai
E. V. JESSEN
Hong Kong, Let: August 1929.
One American, who annually spent OLD TAYLOR
several weeks there without con tributing a penny during his life Telt a considerable fortune ter tire
at his death.
топа
AGED BY WINE
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