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THE CHINA MAIL,
FRENCH MARSHALS | in 1804, revived the Marechalat,
TITLE TO "DISAPPEAR BY EXTINCTION"
-:,
HISTORIC LINE
Rumour has recently been busy in Paris with the names of several generals who, it was said, would probably very soon be made Marshals of France-Marshals, be "BEST COAL & CHEAPEST PRICE it noted, and not Field Marshals, for the latter has never been the aame for the highest rank in the KWONG HANG & CO French Army. There were to be two such appointments. It was taken generally for granted that General de Castelnau would fill one. Several distinguished soldiers were mentioned for the other.
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A
which had been abollshed in 1791 at the Revolution, the fieurs de lis became the symbolic bees of the Emperor, and the Marshals them- selves
were called Maréchaux d'Empire, instead of Marechaux də The old title appeared France.
Under again, however, in 1814. Louis Philippe, the stars appeared on the baton for the first time, for the Citizen King was not fond of The Marshals of
The Napoleonic Age the Reur de lis. Napoleon II, had eagles on their
If the rank dates back to Francis batons, but those of the Great War, the First the name is itself much the next to be appointed, returned older. The marechal was a servant to the democratic stars. Small charged with the care of horses, and stars on the sleeve and on the sky- that connotation of the word still blue cap were also, it will be re- survives in the language in the membered, the only badges of rank marechal ferrant, who is the shoe- in the field uniform of a Frenchsmith or village blacksmith, and the An end has been put to these general during the War, to replace marechal des logit, who is .at '$23.00 per ton
rumours by the announcement, the gorgeous gold oak leaves of principal, non-commissioned officer; that the Government had decided peace time.
It was in the cavalry.
as the to confine its previous decision to
"Cousins. Du Roy"
occupants of posts in the Royal make no more Marshals and to
etables that the Marshals of The rank of Marechal de France France were originally appointed. allow the title to "disappear by
dates back to Francois I., but it, to assist the. Connetable, who was extinction."
was not then the highest in the in principal charge of those the Connetable, and it was only thoy and the Cannetable became
Above the Marechaux was stables, and it was only later that| when this one high dignitary was high military commanders. abolished by Louis XIII. in 1627
The that the Marechaux had no higher to do with horses, is to be found same sense of the word, as having rank above them. time of Francols 1. they were, how soldiers on horseback who kept Even in the in marechaussee, the bodies of ever, already sufficiently import- order for the King all over the define the conditions under which ant, for they were officially des-country and later became the gen-
and darmeric. the honour would be conferred. Incribed as "cousins du roy," 1914 that further law had never
| were appointed for life.
Most French schoolboys can give During the seventeenth century the list of the Marshals yet been passed.
the number of Marechaux was fixed Napolean created in 1804. at twelve, and remained so during wer the time of Louis XIV. and the victories of Conde and Turenne. It still stood at this figure, indeed,
$22.00 $23.00 $20.00 $17.00
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EURASIAN GIRL with experience very charges to destination. wants position A3 NURSEMAID. Will live in. Apply Box No. 607, c/c "China Mail.”
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FOR SALE-On Broadwood Road 3. roomed Bungalow. Reply Secretary P.O. Box No. 22.
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YOUR VISITING CARDS' neatly and promptly printed."China Mall" Office, No. 3A, Wyndham St. Telephone Cen- tral 22.
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It had, indeed, virtually disap- peared before the War. Although the Loi des Cadres of 1875 had technically kept alive this high rank, and made it part of the army of the then very young Republic, no promotions were made to that rank. Indeed, the law in question
declared that a further law would
The War Marshals The War, however, created 2 feeling in favour of the revival of
the Marechalat which was irresis-
tible, and five generals were
ment of General Gallieni, the gal- lant defender of Paris and the hero of the dramatic and sudden trans port of troops by taxicabs behind the French line, from one critical point to another.
army.
sixteen,
not
whom They
Jourdan, Massena, Augerrean, Bar- Berthier, Murat, Moncey, nadotte, Soult, Brune, Kellermann, Lefebvre, the husband of Madame
created Marshals of France. This: When the Marshals were abolished, Sans-Gene, Perignon, Serurier. number was afterwards, increased at the Revolution.
Wher. Napoleon Ir later years he added Perrin, to six by the posthumous appoint-revived them, he put the limit at Macdonald, Oudinot, Marmont. including senators. Suchet, Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, Poni- Under Louis-Philippe this number atowski. Everyone of them was much reduced, and the law of hay some street or square in 1839 cut it down to six in time of Paris named after him. peace and twelve in war.
This law
Between the First Empire and also laid it down that only a general 1914 there were thirty-eight but to- of the rank of General de Division day few are remembered. except could be made a Marshal, and that those like Molitor, Lobau, he must have commanded, in face. Bugeaud, Exelmans, and Bosquet, of the enemy, either an army or an who gave their names to streets; army corps composed of several divi. Niel, who
gave his to ä sions, of different arms, cavalry, in- rose: Bazaine for his sur- fantry, and artillery. It was the render; and MacMahon, for fact that the late General Sarrail, hia political rather than his mil- possessed these qualifications which itary importance. Grouchy and Can- prompted his political friends in the robert can, however, still strike Radical party and the admirers of a military note in the memory. his military talents to suggest that he be made a Marshal after his death, in the same way as Gallieni.
Of those six men, three are still alive. Joffre, Petain, and Lyautey. Foch, Gallieni, and Franchet d'Esperey-who was commander In-chief of the Allied armies in the Near East-are dead.
There are three men still living, therefore, who have still the right to carry, in uniform, the baton, or staff, covered with bright blue velvet, ornamented with gold ends and powdered with gold stars, Under the ancient regime the stars were fleurs de lis. When Napoleon,
Some Earlier Marshals In other centuries you will find, among a very large number of
3
THE HONG KONG TRANSFER & LIGHTER CO.
St. George's Building, 2nd Floor
LIGHTERING.-Cargo ex ships delivered to all parts of Hong Kong and South China. Cargo shipped on through Bills of Lading to any part of the world. UP-COUNTRY SHIPMENTS.-Quotations given on ship-
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Merely a sophomore in Cincinnati, Ohio, high school, yet Law- rence Wilkins holds the enviable distinction of shooting a per fect score with the rifle at the butts. This display of accuracy gained him the title of Junior National Individual rifle champ of the United States.
Marshals, La Tou d'Auvergne, who shals of Napoleon I.; but as the was a hero and died in 1675; Tuileries Palace was burnt down Jacques de Fitz James; duc de by the Commune in 1871, you will Berwick, who. was Marlborough's not find that cellection. opponent; the Comte de Saxe; and even a certain Pierre de Montes- quiou; Comte d'Artagnan who was appointed in 1709 and died in 1725,
There were also some other Marshals who are still remember- ed, though not entirely, for their military exploits.. Gilles de Retz, one of the faithful adherents of There was also the Marshal and Joan of Arc, and Marshal at the Prince de Soubise, the accomplish-age of twenty-five there were ed courtier of Louis XV., who sue- Marshals before Francois Premier, ceeded in attaching himself to though he made the title official Madame de Pompadour and later later became such a terrible per-
to Madame Du Barry. His name aon, that it was he whose crimes will long be remembered in history, suggested to Perrault the charac- and in restaurant menus, where ter of Bluebeard.
it stands for a sauce of mashed onions and butter. His military: defeats, especially that of Ross- bach, were more important than his victories, and gave occasion for the words which were put into his mouth; "Where the devil is my army?
lt was
there yesterday morning.. Has somebody taken it or can I have mislaid it ?”
at
For the rest, you can find the portraits of most of these earlier Marshals of France in the Salles des Marechaux, the series of rooms Versailles in which Louis- Philippe hung pictures which he had painted of all the holders of the office of whom any likeness had survived. There was also a Salle des Marechaux in the Palace of the Tuileries, where Napoleon' III. assembled. portraits of the Mar-
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OF DENMARK. ⠀ The following unclaimed tele- grams are lying at the office of the Gron Northern Telegraph Com- pány (Limited) of Denmark :---
Milladvert, from Dairen. Ivan Sanderson, from Nice. Yip Shiu-chow, Bonham Street, West, from Shanghai.
Oceanfahrt, from Takao. Ernst Hutze, from Shanghai. Pak Ngai, 69, Robinson-rd., from Kobe.
Soergel, from Shanghai,
E. V. JESSEN,
Superintendent. Hong Kong, 18th July, 1929,
NOTICE
TO SHIPOWNERS,
MASTERS & AGENTS.
Seamen's
men
The Yaen Wo Sea Institute always available to ship as watch men, seamen, &c
Our men are employed by the leading passenger lincs. We guarantee satis faction.
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HONG KONG HEIGHTS
For the information of visitors the following list of some of the highest pointe on the Island and Mainland is published --
Island.
Feet.
Victoria Peak
1829
Signal Station
1774
Mt. Parker
1784
Mountain Lodge.....
1725
C.2560 No. 36, Ting.
The Eyrie
1720
Peak Hotel
1305
Taikoo Sanatoriam
1000:
Mt. Davis
'877
Bowen Road (filterbeds)
297
Mainland
Feet.
Man Street.
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Price Moderatë,
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Taimoshan Kowloon Peak
$8124 1971
THE NEW FRENCH REMEDY.
THERAPION NO. 1 THERAPION NO.2 THERAPION NË 3
OLD TAYLOR
AGED BY TIME
Schlts and Brock, left above, German fiere who at~ { spired to many others to follow. Center, the French tempted around-the-world Alght, but stopped at plant, "Yellow Bird," most ruoană plane to make the Japan) were among the aviators who followed bloss Merth Atlantio crossing asoosssfully, though not upon Lindbergh in the long flight epidemio which reaching Paris, is intended destination. Below, Ace followed the Lone Eagle's success. Right, Col. Charles, mand Lotti, backer of the "Yellow Bird," Joan AssO+ A Lindbergh, who was plain "Lindy" before his "lant and Rene Le Favre, phot
miable one flight across the Atlantic which In
SUCCESSFUL ATLANTIC
CROSSING
New York June 17.
from Nowroundind to frena inte later, Byrd Brock and Scure. sixteen betray on the drat leg of a round-ite
Scepticism has followed every world fight which teated only ju light including the tremumble one Japan, next made the crossing. of Charles Lindbergh so rocgat Among the succconful ones who
one has
has yet forgotten it next followed, was the Bight of
who The sums sceptica
thought Amelia
melia Earhart and
and 37lmer Stutz Lindy wouldn't make in anid pray- in a triemotored. Fokker: "ECTOSH ers for Chamberlin, and Lavine, for from Newfoundland to Ireland. This YAHE Yellow Bird." which commander Byrd and Bort Acosta, concludes the list of America-to- made its first descent at f and anode no excepten for the "Tele Europe, eromsings, Three
low Bird" ventura Spain a few days ago in Part of their doubt, was due to
bava crossed the other
Way. United States Army round-the- non-stop fight from Old the fact that the small plebe was world expedition, co-plane at- Orchard, Maine, bound for too powerfully motored and would fair, made it in 1926, but was by Paris, is the eleventh plane torej tremendous amount of fad no means a non-stop crossing. Capt.
to keen 1 bümining all the way. Frie Nelson and Lio
Liout Lowall Stath Guccessfully navigate the across the oc
(****** and their companions went from: North Atlantie
Gasoline eavy, and when they England to celnud, to e later learned: here was 2 young from Green
Labrador and Arthur thened to New
The final venture was the NC-4. which few
opticians was
followed him and only:"KIES
he other was
planes
Krish
rague, Army tackle, who broke up: many play of rival teams, is here prese
Edgerton Major General W. R. Smith apperintendent of the litary Academy at West Point, N. Y The presenta of athletic awards is one of the high lights of commence ment week's the Pont