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THE CHINA MAIL,
CHOLERA DEFINED
RAMIFICATIONS OF THE
DISEASE
SOME PAST EPIDEMICS
}
In view of the local interest in typhoid and cholera the following passages from Dr. A. Cannon's article ia the "Caduceus" may serve as a complement of the information published in the "China Mall” yesterday.
The name given to this disease is
of Greek origin indicating absence of Bile from the stools and is in self not strictly acientifically cor- rect. Bile is sometimes present.
Definition:
cholera convalescents had fncreas- Potato at 22 deg. C gave a moist ed the bacteriocidal action, and growth like that of Glanders. possessed protective properties.; |(Agglutination 1:400 and
1:1000). Haffking introduced his anti-cholera inoculation in India in 1884, and later in Russia,
Some Similarities. Morphological Similarities
Special media used by even authorities is that of Dieudonnies
Blood Alkaline Agar.
On Milk there is no coagulation or change.
The resistance under artificial
shews are conditions
that
oxygen,
necessary for its existence. It is! killed by drying.
found in the following bacilli moisture, and organic material are
1. Tor Vibrlo. དཱུ་
24
Paracholera bacillus.
3.
Vibrio Metchnikovi.
4.
Finkler and Priors Spirillum.
5.
Miller's spirillum.
6.
Deneke's Spirtlum (Spiril- dol. lum tyrogenum).
The sugars fermented shew gas and acid formation in glucose and maltose, with the formation of in-
The Thermal Death-point in the The morphological importance in moist condition is 55 deg. C for one diagnosis will be seen by the fact hour. It will however resist minus that in the Hamburg epidemic 50 10 deg. C for hours.
per cent, of the cases were diagnos- The optimim temperature for It may be defined as an acute in-d on microscopical examination growth is 37 deg. C.
རྣ་,
alone.
L
Very Acute and Rapid The agglutination and dilution
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St. George's Building, 2nd Floor
LIGHTERING.-Cargo ex ships delivered to all parts of Hong Kong and South China. Cargo shipped on through Bills of Lading to any part of the world. UP-COUNTRY SHIPMENTS.-Quotations given on ship-
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FURNITURE-Removed to any part of the Colony at
reasonable rates.
Phone Central 3639-Kowloon 1422. WE ARE AT YOUR SERVICE.
fectious, epidemic disease, charac- The Laboratory diagnostic terised by profuse purging and methods are as follow:
of the serum for diagnosia reaches vomiting of a colourless, serous material (absence of bile), by mus-composed of ox-bile to which 3 per 1/1,000.
Ottolenghi introduced, a medium after 3 to 4 weeks of onset 1/400 to This is of course after eular cramps, suppression of urine-cent. of a 10 per cent. solution of the disease is cured. (The disease algidity and collapse, the presence of Sodium Carbonate is added, then is very acute and rapid in its a specifie "curved bacillus" in sterilized in the autoclave. The course). the intestine, and by a high
germ is inoculated and then in- As regards antisera formation mortality.
cubated for 8 hours, and then and curative treatment, there is no examined.
antisera formed, but bacteriacidal Since the days of the Ancients,
Rapid Diagnosis cholera has been endemic in Lower
properties and agglutination are in Dunbar introduced a method for evidence. Bengal, and at various periods has rapid diagnosis which depends on
Immunity is obtained by (1) at- Bullets have been manufactured become epidemic in India. In 1817 the properties of the anti-cholera tenuated virus; it began to extend all over Asia,serum.
or (2) exalted which, it is claimed, will penetrate eastward as far as Peking and tions each consisting of a small
Two hang-drop prepara-virus.
the armour of the medium tank. It should be borne in mind that Efforts have been made for several
History:
TANK ARMOUR
EXPERIMENT WITH NEW WEAPON
PARTICULARS & CONDITIONS and westwards to Syria and the portion of mucous obtained from the cholera red reaction given. by years to design a weapon which Public Auction and westwards and a suspected stool broken up by the sulphuric acid is due to indol would have the advantage of to be held On MONDAY, the castern shore of Caspian. About peptone solution. To the first, a and nitrites, 15th
mobility and fire an armour-pierc- day of July. 1929. at the year 1895 it ceased to progress drap of a fifty fold dilution of That there is no haemolysis dising projectile, and it is probable 3 p.m., at the Ofices of the beyond Astrakan. Europe was first normal serum is added; and to the tinguishes it from the El Tor that the machine will be experi- Public Works Department, by invaded by Cholera in 1880 and:
Vibrio.
mented with during the coming Order of His Excellency the Gov- since that time about five epidemics
The anti-toxin may be obtained, training season, ernor, of one Lot of Crown Land there have been recorded, namely
by injection of the toxins. at Shamshuipo, in the Colony 1848-51, 1851-1855, 1865-1874, of Hong Kong, for a term of 76 1284-1886, 1892-1895.
years, commencing from 1st July, Great Britain was spared during 1898, with the option of renewal the serious epidemic of 1870 to 1873 at a Crown Rent to be fixed by the but it crossed the Atlantic, and Surveyor of His Majesty the King, entering by way of Jamaica and for one further term of 24 years New Orleans, raged for a time in the United States of America. less three days.
There were three main portals of entry :--
PARTICULARS OF THE LOT.
No. of Sale.
New Kowlean. Inland Reglatey No.
PUCAUSE
Boundary
Contents in
Square fe
&
E
It t
FL.
about
per Kalo
plan.
Shamokuipo. Che lug Si Adjoining New
ཙྪཱ
| Opast Price i
i.
via Afghanistan, Persia, the Caspian Sea, and the Volga Valley.
ii. via the Persian Gulf, Syria, Asia Minor, Turkey in Europe, and the Mediter-
ranean.
ii. via the Red Sea, Egypt and
the Mediterranean,
Routes of Human Intercourse The great point to note is that this disease follows the routes of human intercourse, and is convey- ed chiefly by man, from place to place. Examples of this are shown
FOR SALE-On Broadwood Road || LAMMERT BROS. by the Hurdwar and Mecca Fil-
roomed Bungalow. Reply Secretary P.O. Box No. 22.
WATER TANK FOR SALE
AUCTIONEERS, APPRAISERS
AND SURVEYORS,
· Public Auctions -
100-gallon Steel Drum for sale, these are good strong tanks for re- THE Undersigned have received serving water for household use, and instructions to sell by Public are galvanised inside and outside, no
will
Price rust
$15.00 Auction each. Kwong Sang Hong Limited, or 134/5, Praya East, Wanchai,
occur.
MISCELLANEOUS.
ON FRIDAY, July 12, 1929, commencing at 5.15 p.m.
at their Sales Room, Duddell Street.
A Collection of Valiable POSTAGE STAMPS
Comprising:-
grimages, where cholera is carried by the devotees to these various homes, infecting the people of places they pass through on their journey. Isolated countries, such as the Andaman Islands, Australia, New Zealand, and the. Pacific Islands, etc., escape.
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Newspaper Enterprise Ltd. China Mail Offices,
JA. Wyndham Street.
Previous Discoveries To show the difficulty in diagnos- ing true cholera, let us look for a moment at the following organisms having similar morphological char- acteristics to the Koch's vibrio.
El Tor Vibrio: Golschlich in 1905 found six different strains of this spirillum which conformed in all respects to the cholera vibrio.
The military authorities, not un- mindful of the need for economy, hesitated to begin the manufacture of a weapon till they were satisfied that they had a machine capable of turning the land "Ironclad" in- to cold iron.
This machine, it is understood, will be light enough to travel at a comparatively high speed across country and, after it has engaged Kraus, comparing the anti-serum the enemy, get away with a of the El Tor vibrio with the minimum of delay. cholera vibrio, found that the anti- It is understood that the bullets bactericidal properties were simi- can be fired from a rifle, lar, but that they had a difference
Meanwhile, tank designers, have
in anti-toxic actions. El Tor anti- not been idle. The latest tank is toxin neutralises the cholera toxin, expected to provide better facilities but the cholera anti-toxin has no for effective machine-gun fire. It effect on the El Tor toxin.
is not likely at this early stage of Paracholera vibrio: The clinical] the fight between the gun and the symptoms are milder than those offtank that the weight of armour will tive cholera, and fatal results are be increased, for this would leasen
Carriers have been found. the speed of the tank. These vibrio are markedly
rare.
FUNERAL OF LAST OF A
FAMOUS FAMILY
baemolytic when tested both on "FIGHTING BATTYES” blood agar, and with suspensions of red corpuscles. They differ serologically from the cholera vibrio, in the fact that they are not agglutinated by an anti-cholera
The funeral. took place, with sarum and they react negatively in military honours, at Windsor of Pfeiffer's reaction.
Lieut. Colonel Montague McPher Mackie also stated that they also son Battye, Military Knight of differ serologically among them-Windsor, the last of a famous mili- selves.
Vibrio Metchnikovi: Gamalia ob- Services as "the Fighting Battyes," tary family known throughout the
these vibrio from an who died at the age of 92 at Castle
taken
History bas shewn that cholera in the main is
a water-borne disease, the bacillus of Koch, en-second a drop of a five hundredtained tering by the mouth and stomach, fold dilution of an active cholera epidemic disease of fowle in Odessa. Yard, Windsor Castle. ete. It is of course carried by geram is added. If the spirilla are They closely resemble cholera The coffin, which was covered milk, and also very active in the cholera organisms, they retain their vibrio.. Subcutaneous inoculation with the Union Jack, was exereta of infected individuals. motility in the first, whilst in the animals with pure cultures of Into St. George's Chapel by ser- The next question arises as to second they do not only lose their these organisms produces fatal geants of the 2nd Battalion Cold- whether the comma bacillus of motility, but actually agglutinate. septicaemia in 24 hours. Inocula-stream Guards, which battalion Koch is the germ of cholera! Vibrio of cholera stain Gram
alan supplied an escort and firing Until recently many authorities negative and are best stained by
party, under the command of Lieut. Tibet, questioned this, but now it is Lofflers, methylene blue, or weak
D. A. F. Home. The Military No. 3A, Wyndham St. Telephone Cen. Federated Malay States, Hong acknowledged by all as definitely carbol fuchsin,
Size 1.50x0.50
Knights of Windsor, headed by Macau, the organism which produces this anaerobe Kong, Great Britain,
and obligatory aerobe
Major-General Carteret Cary, fol- North Borneo, Malay Borneo, Ex-disease. Space does not allow of motile.
lowed. hibition, Trengganu, Mongolia, details explaining how these con- · Caltural methods are of great im- Siam, Straits Settlements, etc. clusiona were arrived at, but the portance, and those employed by Catalogues will be issued. history of the bacteriology of me in Canton, were: Peptone
cholera which I now give in brief gelatine media, blood agar, andtion of the same amount of cholera will assist one in seeing how this potato. (There are of course many Pfeiffer's test is negative.
vibrio produces no statement was proved.
YOUR VISITING CARDS neatly and
promptly printed. "China Mail" Office,
tra} 22.
HOME TUITION,
WESTOVER-STEVENAGE
Within an hour from London, In healthy neighbourhood, SCHOOL for GIRLS and SMALL BOYS. A few Boarders received in the House of the Principal. Individual care and attention. Particulars apply to:
MISS RUTH CULLEY
For
(Camb. Higher Local). Camb, Teachers' Diploma), MISS GERTRUDE TURNER
(National Frodel Higher Certificate).
BEST COAL & CHEAPEST PRICE
Rare China, Ceylon,
On View from Monday, July 8. Terms: Cash on Delivery,
LAMMERT BROS.,
Auctioneers. Hong Kong, July 8, 1929. THE Undersigned have received Tinstractions to sell by Public
Auction
ON WEDNESDAY, July 17, 1929, commencing at 2.30 pm, at their Sales Room, Duddell Street.
A Large Quantity of VALUABLE HOUSEHOLD
KWONG HÀNG & CONA
143;
Tel. C. 2736.
Des Voeux Road Central.
Government and Admiralty Coal
Peak
Upper Level
Contractors. “
HOUSE COAL
.at $23.00 per
» $22.00.
Middle Level
*
$21.00
27
$20.00
Central Office.
Kowloon Y $17.00
Comprising
Teak Couch
FURNITURE
Hatstands,
and Armchairs,
PLEASE DON'T
WASTE WATER
result,
--Difference in Cultures Finkler and Prior's Spirillum: In
The interment took place at Windsor cemetery. The drums and fifes of the 2nd Battalion Cold-
stream Guards headed the proces sion and played the Dead March from "Saul" as the cortege passed down Castle Hill
Among the wreaths were tributes
others). The "Comma Bacillus”.
Surface Inoculation In 1888 Koch discovered the! Peptone gelatine media: punc. "Comma bacillus" and in 1894 com ture cultivation was employed, and cholera nostros after several days from the officers of the let Bat- municated his findings to the a white line was produced along decomposition of the dead body, talion Lincolnshire Regiment, 10th Cholera Conference, Berlin. Dr. the needle tract. The upper portends to be rather thicker morpho-served), and the Military Knights this spirillum is often found. It Foot (in which Colonel Battye logically than the Koch's Cholera of Windsor. Vibrios, and there 19 2 marked
Orgel of Hamburg, in 1884 proved tión aoen Hiquifted, and later a the relationship of the organism small basin-shaped depression to the disease, and incidentally formed at the upper part. died, whilst
Canadian Home
gelatine.
* Miller cultured a Spirillum from decayed tooth in a human subject Spirillum
Ten Children In This
Identical with the Finkler and Prior
Deneke's Epirillum (spirillum
Have Been Kept Ronny And Well By Means Ot.. Baby's Own Tablets.
investigating the Surface inoculation on gelatin difference in the cultures, the germ disease of Cholera through con slope was also employed, and a growing much more rapidly in tamination of his mouth during ex-granular appearance was more or periments with the Koch's Cholera less present. Signs of liquifiation Vibrio. B. Pfeiffer found the dead soon were made evident in the bacillus to be highly toxic, and centre. that the toxins were endo toxins,
In two cases blood agar was Chesterfield Le, contained in the bodies of the used, and a transparent culture like
Glass organism. Most were destroyed by a "glacier" was produced in 36 tyrogenum) which is found in old Cabinets, Carpets, Rugs, Ceiling exposure to a temperature of 60 hours.
cheese closely resembles the
"I have ten children, the baby. and Table Fans, Table Lamps, deg. C. Fetri, Ransom, Klei, and On Bouillon there is produced a cholera vibrio, but is rather thin- Gramophones, Desks, Carios, Orothers found toxic bodies in the general turbidity and a thin pellicle ner and smaller morphologically being just six months old. I ton.naments, etc., etc.
filtered cultures. Mitchikoff, Roux, on the top (The media must be Like Finkler and Prior's spiril have used Baby's Own Tablets Taurelli-Salinboin, Teak Dining Tables, Dining
demonstrated definitely alkaline)
lum it is very rapid in liquifying for the past 20 years, and can Chairs, White Frost Refrigerathe formation of such diffusible The "cholera red" reaction was the gelatine media. The growth truthfully say that I know of no tora, Teak Sideboards with Eovel-toxic bodies in the fluid media, carried out in one case (pure is distinctly yellowish and not better medicine for little ones. I always keep a vial of the Tablets Huntemüller obtained led Mirrors, Dinner Waggons, Ice
varione H2804 added. to, a culture in whitish.
in the house and would advise all Pathology in Brief Chests, Dinner Crockery, ate, etc. strains of acutely acting exotoxins bouillon, incubated at 87 deg. C for
In fatal cases the organs are other mothers to do the same," Teak and Iron Bedsteada, Ward (extra-cellular toxins), very labile, 24 hours). robes with Bevelled Mirrors Teak and apparently identical with the Agglutination against anti-dried and shrivelled up and the writes Mrs. Charles Hutt, of Tan- Dressing Tables, Chesterfield haemolysin. The Pfeiffer reaction cholera setum of high litre; if the blood is often almost sold in char cook Island, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Baby's Own Tablets are a plea-- in the peritoneum of the guinea- reaction is positive there are acter. The condition is not a sep- Couch and Armchairs, Chenta of pig was then discovered. Macfaden cholera organisms present ifticaemia, but an acute toxaemia. Sant and absolutely harmless injecting endo toxin derived from negative the organisms are prob- Koch's Cholera Vibrio is most often medicine especially designed for grinding the spirilla obtained from a ably what are known as para- found in the gall-bladder and in the use of infants and little chil- serum which had anti-toxic as well cholera vibrio (those will be men- testine, and sometimes in the blad- dren. Their first effect is gently se agglutinative and bacteriolytic tioned later).
der, but very often all the organs laxative, thus cleansing - the properties. Greig found serum of Another Method
are sterile. The abdominal viscera bowels of inpurities. Then they Growing suspected organisms in are always markedly congested sweeten the stomach, cool bouillon with a small amount of and the lungs may be collapsed and feverishness, if any, relieve the anti-cholera serum is another therefore appear small.” The vibrio pain and griping if the child has method. If the "comuna bacillug"" has bean found by Greig in the indigestion,
The above prices include delt.
very charges to destination.
SPORTING
GUNS AND ACCESSORIES.
GUNS: Greener, Webley Scotts, B.BA, J. W. Needham. Raich Freres Air Rifles-F vers & Rifle Acce Aperture – Sights Sporting quisites – Cartridges to: sult bares,
THE HONG KON
ARMS & FAMI
6-6, Beaconsfie
Drawers, Mosquito Nets, Linen, Chamber Stands, etc.)
(Catalogues will be issued.)
On View from Tuesday, July 16, 1929
Terms Cash on Delivery
LAMMERT BROS.
Auctioneers Hong Kong, July 11, 1929,
FOR
WELDING
LANE CRAWFORD, LTD.
Antomobilə Dən
CONSIDER YOUR HEART when ordering aspirin and Insist upon
summer complaint,
of Koch is present, the organisma- lunga,” The bladder is usually more out Jolie, allay the irritation of In organic growth will fall to the or less empty. · ·
GENASPRIN bottom as a sediment
For sale at Chemists and Dispensaries
gents:
RLOXLEY & CO.
teething destroy worms, and thus
in a natur way promote health- giving sleep and sense
|_ Hang-drop - preparations “WEIS
made in three of the cases using Six peasants who were sheltering Your chemist sells Baby's Own diluted «« (watery) gentian violet under a tree during a thunderstorm Tablets, or post free, 60, cents per solution, --and -“wriggling" move- at Zajetchar, In Eastern Siberia, vial, from the Dr. Williama Medi- menta were noticed, in one speci- were killed by Lightning, and five cine Co. 60: Klangse Road, Shang- men these being very briak
others were stunned.
THE
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SHIRTS
Stud or open Style neck
$2.75 each
3 for $8.00
LANE, CRAWFORD, LTD. Men's Wear Stylista
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PICKS HOES For Motor Road Making, Railways & Mining.
A. MING & CO.
185, Des Voeux Road Central (opposite Central Market). Tel. C: 6147,
TANG YUK, DENTIST Successor to
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TERMS VERY MODERATE Consultation Free.
NOTICE
TO SHIPOWNERS, MASTERS & AGENTS.
The Yuen Wo Seamen's Institute always has mich available to ship as watch- men, seamen, &c.
Our men are employed by the leading passenger lines. We guarantee satis- faction.
Please phone or call K.661
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PHOTO-SUPPLIES
Kodaks and Cameras. Films Plates and Papers, etc. Developing Printing and Enlarging.
ZIESS and BUSCH FIELD GLASSES
· Price Moderate.
A Trial Order is Bolicited:
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Tel No. C1459 261, Des Voeux Road Co
Hong Kongan 1