TUESDAY, MAY 11, 1926.
COLOUR. BAR BILL.
BISHOP OF PRETORIA'S
ATTACK)
goes on u
AMERICAN CONSULATE,
SHANGHAI WANTS NEW.
BUILDING AN
Anys
UNDER SEA WARFARE
THE PROBLEM OF THE SUBMARINE
THE CHINA MAIL.
stro Freedom
Esto porno
e more
ous disting
one glass of war vessel, and and heraels, inasmuch as the submarinavia but denies it to her enemy This recognisedő is one o in a legitimate means of courging and most effalent modes the will of the onemy. It has been defence and also the weapon of wisely and by the great America weaker Naval Powera lawyer, Mr. Dune, Maritime cap. It would be impossible
Commander Sir Graham Bower, The American Consulate- There are many thinking people General announces that Consul RN K.C.MG. (Ex-President of In South Africa who are alarmed General Cunningham has received Grotius Society and Member of the at the colour segregation policy from Congressman Dyer a tele-Council of International Law As people have found an outspoken passed the Foreign Service Buildar between nations is a con-imperile: no households and deals of a feet of submarines Ib would of the present Government. These gram stating that the Senate had sociation), writing in The Navy
ture takes na lives, shads no blood, an army In England in the presenc champion of their thoughts In the ings Act of 1928. It is belleved Dishop of Pretoria, Dr. Talbot, who that the Senate has passed the act of wills. It may be a commer only with the persons and property be equally impossible to land an has not only attacked the na- bill in practically the same form clal war, a war for the acquisition voluntarily embarked in the army in the Philippines or Aus- tive and Asiatic polley of the Gov-in which it was passed by the of territory; or a war in defence chances of war for the purposes of tralia if the coasts and harbours arnment, but has now shown many House on March 15, and if so the of an ally, but in every case it is gain." That maritime capture in were protected by submarines: of the dangers and the fallacies bill will become a law immediately means by which a nation seeks an effective means of courcing the The French rely on submarines to that. He hidden in the Colour Bar upon signature by the President. to coerce or resist the will of an will of the enemy State has been protect their communications with Bill it would seem that this bill, The funds will be available after other nation. It is not merely proved in every war in which Algiers, and the Americans regard limiting the labour activities of the July 1
confict of armies or navies, but a England has been engaged and not them as their best coastal defence, native, will shortly be on the The bill carries an appropria- conflict of nations, and it is pon least in the last war. But the whilst the amallar Staten rely on Statute-book of Me Union. Ation of G $10,000,000 20 besible that the will of a nation may weakar Naval Power has invariably them as their only protection selom warning of the probable allocated for foreign service build be coerced whilst its, armies and countered the command of the sea against battle fleets. Germany has by a war on commerce la guerrano submarines and is not allowed consequences has been written by ings in the various parts of the navies are still undefeated. the Bishop of Pretoria in the March world under the direction of the But in war between civilised na-de course. In the great war with to build any England le stiff the Issue of Kingdom," the official Foreign Service Buildings Com-tions, it has been generally recog-France, 1793 to 1815 the French strongest Naval Power in Europe, organ of his diocese.
mission, which is composed of the need that the methods of coercion captured 10,871 British merchant and to propose the abolition of sub Beginning with the argument Secretary of State, the Secretary shall be so limited that usoleus vessels, but these vessels were marines would expose the British that Christianity stands or falls by of the Treasury, the Secretary of cruelty and useless suffering shall taken into port. No doubt the denation to the suspicion of selfish its assertion of the equal value of Commerce, the Chairman and the not be imposed. Montesquieu's aire for prize money exercise ar motives. But to prohibit the des alt souls before God, Dr. Talbot Ranking Minority Member of the dictum remains as true to-day as important influence, but in thecruction of unarmed ships by war Committee on Foreign Relations when it was published more than Amarican war of 1812-14 the vessele of any type and to require At present the great, mass of of the Senate, and the Chairman a century, and a half ago. Inhla American Government instructed that prizos shall be brought into native life is at a lower level of and Ranking Minority Member of "Esprit des Lois" he tolls us that their officers to destroy all you port for adjudication is to ask that human abiainment than the Eurothe Committee on Foreign Affairs"The Law of Nations is naturally capture, unleas in somo extra a law which was observed for cen- рекл Not that we can say that of the House of Representatives.. founded on this principle, that ordinary circumstances that shahcuries, shall be once more enforced. the native is inherently inferior to The personnel of the Committee different nations ought, in time of cloarly warrant an exception. The armed merchant ship is a Aghts the European. Evidence from at the present time therefore will peace, to do one another at the The commerce of the enemy is thing ship and must take her chance America of what has been attained be Frank B Kellogg, Andrew W. good they can, and, in time of war. most vulnerable point of the enemy with other fighting ships. But the by the negro suggests that he le not Mellon, Herbert Hoover, Senator as little injury as possible without we can attack and its destruction unarmed vessel is a non-combatant inherently inferior, but that he is William E. Borah of Idaho, Sena-prejudicing their real interests the inain object Under these in and is entitled to the exemption and
Claude In the main at a lower level of tor
A. Swanson of The object of war is victory that structions seventy-four Britische status of a non-combatant.. That status should be granted to development compared with the Virginia, Congressman Stephen of victory conquest, and that of merchant vessels were destroyed..
"Porter European. It would be sheer senti. G.
of Pennsylvania conquast preservation. From this In the Civil War in Amorleder by both surface ships and sub. mentality to deny this.
and Congressman J Charles and the preceding principle all the "Alabama" captured sixtymarines. In this manner will the Predilection for Cheap Labour..
Linthicum of Maryland.
these rulas are derived which confour ships and burnt or desprotection for non-combatants and Consul General Cunningham bestitute the Law of Nations.." troyed fifty-seven The Amerneutrals sought for by the Washing And yet this conclusion does not
lieves that the next step which War la cruel. It is as cruel tocan Fress and public mitigate my deep-sentert dismay at
des on Conference be best attained.
It may be that. to secure this aim "the trend of present South Afriena should be taken is to convince the kit a soldier as it is to kill a child. cribed this action as piracy, but legislation at the expense of the Foreign Service Buildings Com But civilised nations recognise thas the description was applied to england and America, would have native. I cannot think that the mission, of the importance of because the killing of soldiers and mode of warfare that fa, the deso concede the right of asylum for need to protect the white worker Shanghai and also of the amount sailors is necessary to victory 1 istruction of prizes at sea which, as snemy prizes in neutral ports, but from being swamped by native which should be allocated for the legitimate, whilst the killing of we have seen, had first been adopt the sacrifice is worth making. If hbour justifies the introduction of construction of building here. He non-combatants, women and chilted by the Americans against the not for selfan reason, then for the the principle of the colour bar inte believes that there is a good run. is illegitimate because the English, and no one now consider: I do not chance of participating in the death of non-combatants, women that the "Alabama" was a pirate. disregard dasympathetically the early allocation of the funds but and children, does not, weaken tha The rule now recognised la tha anxiety of white labour lest it be it is essential that every Americanenemy's power of resistance:
it to make port may be destroyed at sea pro known to his friends in the Unit-sufering, and strengthens the na-vided that provision be made to ed States the importance and the signal will to resist. From this the safety of the passengers and root principle civilised nations crew. This rule is a development needs of this port
One of the strongest arg have sought to establish a clear and a comparatively recent develop ments in favour of Shanghai is distinction between combatants ment, from the oid rule that prize the large number of United States Government officials functioning and non-combatants in time of should be taken into port, and thef fate determined by a Prize Court The weapons of war have been+The question, therefore, is not here, the Department of State being represented by the Con- suinte-General and the Unitedmproved and new weapons have whether destruction by aub states Court for China; the beer Invented which have been Department of Commerce by the more deadly or more effective ne offices of the Trade Commissioner, means of, coercion. Registrar of the Chind Trade Act oading rifles and machine-guir and United States Shipping Board were more deadly and more effec- spears of the Representative; the Treasury than the
tache and the Fublic Health Dervishes, but their use was legi Service; and the United States timate so long as they were used Navy being represented ashore by against combatants and not against The submarine the Navy Purchasing Office non-combatants. "C.P."
the law of the lund.
working with a partner namely, capital-that has evinced again and again terrible predilection for cheap labour. I noticed that the President of the Chamber of Mines in recent public speech had little more to contribute to the discussion of the problems of South African industry than the contention that the one thing to do was to import and to keep on importing as much cheap native labour to the mines as possible. But I do believe that the protection of the white worker should be secured by custom by negotiation and regulation within ... industry, and not by legislation.
An Evil: Omen.
The passing of the bill of the
It
sup-
Two minutes later the caddie said: "I don't think that's what's wrong, sir. You're too near the ball after you've struck it.
Assembly is an evil omen for the future. Even though it is lenient- ly and gently administered it can- not but engender a sense in the intelligent native's mind that the "Caddie. I've discovered what white man means to keep the black I've been doing wrong. I've been mun down. It is not only a ques-standing too near the ball as tion of its actual provisions nor its strike it." administration, but its symbolle character. It will symbolise the inherent laferiority of the native and the resolve to use him only as a means to white convenience. will hang in front of native hope and aspiration that which presses, confines, and excludes I think it is a blind and essentially tyrannical measure, and if it is finally ratified it will have inevit ably disastrous results to the true peace and wealth of South Africa
It makes it worse that the bill Includes Indlane with natives in its scope, for the argument about actual inferiority is not nearly so strong in regard to the indian or in regard to the Bantu. There are in India, and there may well be in South Africa, Indians who though of dark skin are on, a level with the finest lower of European culture. That an able gifted souri of India should be debarred on the ground of colour frem rising to his fullest development and capacity is a great wrong; and it brings out into added relief the injustice done to the Bantu people.
AFRANK CARTERY Frank Carter, a madman who ad- mitted killing two men and terroris ing Omaha in Nebyasha, with his nightly sniping is under arrest. He was hopelessly insane, and was near death from an incurable dispuse t
war.
1ake of humanity..
No fair-minded person. desires to feprive a combatant of methods of Iprizes that cannot be taken intoercion necessary for self-defence
marine is or is not legitimate, bu whether a submarine is or is no
or for victory, but all humanity has he right to demand that these. methods shall be used without in ury or cruelty to neutrals, and on-combatants, and it is evident hat the destruction of non-comba-" ant ships cannot be carried out without such injury or cruelty
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The breech capable of observing the rules lat down in respect of la guerre d course, that is to say, of provid ing for the safety of the passen gera and crew of the prize.
On the 6th February, 19223 Seconds Treaty between the United State of America, the British Empire' is a new weapon of war, an instru France, Italy and Japan for th ment for the coercion of the will protection of the lives of neutrals of the enemy, and it follows that and non-combatants at sea in tim It is a legitimate weapon, of war of war was signed at Washington so long as it is used as a maans The Fourth Article of that Treaty of coercing an enemy nation and which has not been ratified bi does not inlet unprofitable loss or France, recognised the practica suffering. on
non-combatants. Impossibility of using submarinei, There can be no objection to the as commerce destroyers withou legitimate use. of the submarine violating the rules for the protec There is the strongest possibletion of the lives of neutrala an objection, to its misuse. That the non-combatants:
Is that statement completel submarine was misused on many occasione in the great European accurate? And are submarines th war cannot be disputed, but it is only war vessels that are prevente also true that on many other seen by their limited capacity from long it was used, legitimately as a weapon of war, in strict obser- vance of the laws of war, Its main use was that of a commerce des. froyer but it was also used, and ffectively used, both in the North Sa and at the Dardanelles, na weapon against warships, whilst The British submarine rendered in
aluable service in the Heligoland Bight as the advanced outposts of
observing the laws of war for th pretection of neutrals and non-comf batants Our latest submarin XI, carries a crew of 121 and coul easily carry 150 officers and m The American "V" class of vaul marine are of 2114 tons displac ment on the surface, and 2,520 tor submerged. They could also carr
crew of 140 to 150, that is t way, a sufficient number to be abl
the British Fleet and as commerce to spare a Prize crew, so that,
F
destroyers and fighting ships in the submarine-cruiser of the new typ Baltic. It is not too much to say could bend a Prize into port that Riga was saved by the fur is, however, obvious that she coul pedoing of the Moltke by not provide accommodation for th British submarine,
passengers and crew of an Atlanti And since the war the submarine liner, which may, and often doe as been developed. In the early carry a population of 3,000. aoul lave of the war the submarine wan But neither could a destroyer or
Vessel of smáli size with acruiser provide accommodation fo limited radius of action. Ou such a population, or even for th latest submarine, the X1, is a population of a much smaller mal vessel of 2,700, tons surface dis steamer and it is now generally lacement and can circumnavigate acknowledged that to place the pas songers and crew in the boats is no the world,
The torpedo has been popularly to provide adequately for theh 1egarded as the chief weapon, of safety, more especially as there may the submarine. That it is its most be invalids or young children deadly weapon is true; but it is amongst them,
Encourage Native Progress, Surely this legislation is in the wrong direction-namely, that of discouraging native growth. The right direction is that of encourag ing native progress, if the black men can rise to the level caps- tity with the white men, then it should be the endeavour of the white men not to keep them out But if is the right direction. It that has been most in, use, Fer declaration in the Fourth Article but to bring them in at the white would fill the native's soul, withInstance; during her cruise in the of the Washington level of conditions and reward.hope and aspiration. It would Mediterranean, in June, 1918, the amendment So we This would entail the surmounting leave the road open before him German U36 sunk forty-one vessels, Should not the dest of great difficulties. It would be No doubt some people will say but out of this number only two armed merchant ships be entirely no short cut to this end, it would to me, "Yes, but the Colour Bar were sunk by torpedo. The gun prohibited to
cut through this whole business.
also true that it is not the weapon It le evident, therefore that the
#weedr this
els of wa
auri
equally
be no solution of the native pro-Bill is part of the Prime Minister's was the most economical and the whether submar blem. There is no short cut, there general scheme of native policy favourite weapon of the sub ships. For they is no solution. There is no short I is part of the policy of differ marine, and the torpedo was, as a incapable of providing suitable ac ential treatment-viz working rule, only used against a vessel, bommodation, and the destruction towards the development of native known to be, or suspected of being, of unarmed mar life in native reserves in the coun- armed.
During the war the German sub to neutrals, and try and the securing of the fullest industrial opportunity for Burn marine proved efficient?"
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