· SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1925.
THE CHINA MAIL.
DRIFT UNDER
ClockingsS SKIES.
THE PRUNE GETS
INTO SOCIETY
The Fruit is No Longer a Joke, But Has Become Highly Esteemed-A Species of Plum -Grown On the Pacific Coast.
By MALCOLM MacDONALD.
How many ni us know where the prunes sriginate for pur breakfast. luncheon or dinner? And how many know what the prune, in its native state looks like?
sideration and putronage of people who, have learned their secret.
The Irune Is A Pum.
To many people the prune is a prune, To the fruit expert it is a speries of plum, Originally grown in Pruner, the fruit is now a full-fledged American citizen and is raism with pride and attentive care by the horticulturists of the Papie Const. In California, Oregon and Washington the prune erop
nchieved Under the Max...
genuine commercial importance, which entitles this frant to rank with other well-known products of the golden west as a crentar of agricul tural wealth.
It may aben he proper to ask how large proportion of the generi population lines that the well-pre paret prune is one of the greatest delights of the modern meal?
The brune is no longer a joke. with aboarding house favour influence advanced methods of handling and preparation it has breume something more than the shrivelled object that was viewed as a dish of
by the boarding house As an American growth the prune Just restert patrons of a generation pack.
la paritively young. The first trees To-day's
trutlisane brought to this country came delicacy for which epicuras are willing ↑ France less than a hundred years ago." to pay à good prire. „ On the menu vurds, The actual development of the prune of the high class hotels, restaurants, industry of the United States began eluhs and diningorans it berapies a plure much more recently, and is only of dignity and respect, along with within the memory of the present "xtrawberries in season" and
generation that its greatest advance- fruits highly esteemed for their delicate ment has oeurred, and delicious flavour. In these plaa of refreshment prunes with pure crisum" command the admiring
ננטיוגן
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40-
from
While the inchastry covers poštiems of the three. Parific Coast States, the great bulk of the American erop is
服
raised in the one State of California. The Sants Cam Valley of that common- wealth is a veritable sea of prunes. It is stated on good authority that this i region produce more prunes than are Krown in any area of similar size any- where in the world-which is charac teristic of California when it once takes Unless it can do to an enterprise. things on the biggest sente in the world California hesitates to give things any part of its time, suit, clipate or atten- Lios,
Sun Jose Is Pruneville.
The combad of the prune industry is San Jose. Of auch importance is the prane crop in the commercial activities of this section that San Jose is face- Liously known as "Pruneville." To the residents of the community, however, the nickname is wholly unobjectionable, They are proud of their prungs and anxious to let the world know it
While the trees now grown in Cali- fornia are descended from the French, those most favoured if Oregon and Washinglow are of Italian linenge. The California importations were made in
The trous
1854. brought variler.
The prone has clímatic preferences all its own. For successful cultivation this fruil enlls'for-a climate of expecial charuetur," not found in many areas. The blossoming season for the tree begins March or April. This calls for a climate in which there is little dunger of frest in those months of carly spring. The trees are exceedingly sensitive and are easily damaged by unfavourable
from Italy were to America Lwenty years
Weather condition 12 blossom time. Frost and cold winds ure dileouraging factors in the cultiva tion of the prune orchard,
Heating The Orchard.
So sensitive is the growth that the suqressful pune grower must be pre-. pared to supply his arehard with artificial heat if the elimute of his lovality in such an to produce danger of sudden cold weather. Dil-heaters are, corumow and a prune orchard with s
oil huntera gaing at full blast is an interesting sight.
Climate the factor which has
brought about the development of the Pacific Staton as a centre for prune growing. The conditions in this respect are Ideal in favoured sections of that region, and make it possible for the growers to produce maximum of value in the form of fruit which com- mands a ready market throughout the country. Much sunshine and a long "growing aesson" of continuets warm weather are essential to satisfactory prune production, and in these parti- culars the Pacifle uren furnishes con- ditions which practically duplicate the warm slopes of in Belle France and sunny Italy..
Under the influenes of favourablé climatic conditions and western enter- prise, the comparatively new industry of prune ruising has been developed to n stage which makes this fruit rank next to raisins as a dried fruit of American commerce.
From the blossoming of the trees in
During
early spring the growing seam of the crop continues until August. this month of late summer the fruit turns to a rich bluish or purplish_tingn und this indicates the approach of final ripenes. Harvesting takes pluce soon thereafter
Frmf Pads From Trée. Unlike applex, oranges, punches and other fruits with which many of us are more familiar, the prune is rot picked from the tree. The harvest does not begin until the fruit drops to the ground. When it has thus fallen the crap is gathered and prepared for the market.
|
During the process of drying the Julcus of the prunes are subjected, idej various changes of a chemical nature.” Some of the juices turn to sugar. The sun euring requires several weeks, and 3 naturally eliminates mach of tho wator that a contained in the fruit when? fresh,
This sun-coring process is followed, by the collection of the prunes for. thorough washing, in which they are
and completely cleansed sterilized This treatment makes it possible for the fruit to be kept for an indefinite; period, ruming into several years,
The appearance of the fresh prune. at muturity is little known to the average Amirigan. Resemblance to the plum is shown in one of the nécom-; panying Blastrations. The blue or purple skin enated with a white. powder which suggests confectioner's augar, and which gives the fruit W dressy and appetizing appearance.
Beauty Of The Orchard.
A drive through à prune orchard in blossom time is one of the worth-while- pleasures of trip to the Susta Ciara' Valy. An iden of the appearance of the Rowersdalen trees is given in one's of the other pictures, showing a close up view of blooming trees on is hillside, with thu ruws of Frees extending into the level land in the valley in the backs
Kranch
Selentiße research has played an int portant part in rescuing the prune from the oblivion of the humble bourding house and introducing it to good society. A generation or so ago the thought of ordering prunes at an expensive hotel would never have occurred to most. people.
The fruit was then regarded,
us belonging in the class of make- believe desserts, suitable for the simple Sunday evening meal provided by the frugal Candlady, and not even remotely. connected with the bill-of-fare of those who could afford, fruits of more aristocratic reputation.
The role of horticultura) science was to perfect the prune and prove it worth.
Modern methods, of handling, have brought the fruit to market Ja with now mere uttractive forms and possibilities us to the enjoyment of its favour. The science of the kitchen has! onsbled the consumer to realize thể high quality of the fruit as to flavour and palutability, and the science of food values has shown the world the intrinsio. merit of its food content. Nutrition experts regard the prune woll worth our consideration from the standpoint. The preparation of prunus for ship-of dietary qualities. Rich in nourished ment starla with stendy exposure to the ment, it is also possessed of propertieski sunshine of the dry western summer. which make it both a tonic and For this purpose the gathered prunes laxative. These various qualities, comel aro' spread on tunys made of wood er bined with its excellent flavour, when; paper. In this exposure they turn rightly prepared, give the prune a place brown or black, from the effect of the in the sun--the thing must to be desired continuous sunshine."
by fruits of avory variety.
A PETARD A
تر است این دست می ده
Paper Production is a Marvel of Scientific Discovery' and Mechanical Skill- Process is Full of Interest.
[By MALCOLM MarDONALDJ
Making paper from wood pulp is one of the marvels of modern industry and twentieth century progress,
The 'pro- cess is a remarkable blend of mechanical perfection, chemistry and swiftness of execution, with one step following another so quickly as to leave the spectalar bewildered,
Paper-making in one of the things that have grown to meet now require
ments. Before the development of the modern newspaper there was, no call for present-day methods of production. Two or three generations "ago" the demand for newsprint, as this clèss of paper called, was compazutively alight. To-day's requirements are tremendous. Newspapers' havo grown in-size and circulation, în & fashion that would not have been belleved by the Horace Greeleya, Charles A. Daner and Benjamin Franklins of previous genera tions.
A single issue of a great matropolitan newspaper of 1026 calls for nowsprint in volume that would formerly have
TREES BECOME DAILY
NEWSPAPERS
Jei momeFDIP CAIVETY
ی موت کو ان کے سین به شی شه شه من مو
supplied the entire press of New York | for, paper on which the tremendous city for an entire week. A Sunday editions may be printed. For the solu edition of to-day eats up white paper tion of these problems and the main- by hundreds of tons. If you ́› doubt
tenance of u steady stream of frosh white paper into the pressrooms of this statement, try it on your own
single America, there was call for two lines. adding machine. Assume that copy of your favourite Sunday paper of discovery now source of raw waigher more than a pound. Divide material and a new method of couvert- this into the 2,000 pounds constitutinging it. Inte nowsprint in the least a ton, and you find that the ton of possible time and at the lowest possible newsprint will supply but 2,000 papers. cost. Chemistry mot the first problem-- Multiply by fifty and you have a by evolving the, manufacture of paper. hundred thousand papers eating up fifty from the hunks of treess Mechanical toms, or, going a step further, 250 tons skill met the second by building for 500,000 copies, Before you get machinery that is one of the wonders much further you will have found that
development, EN an lauup of a million copies consumés
Work Begins, In The Woods nowsprint to the extent of 600 tons. The
The raw material comes from the number of newspapers in the United States using fifty tons at a single sue great forests of the United States and
of
modern
la surprisingly large des and A Canada: The cutting of tross for this
purpose is consuming: vast areas of The greater part of this cowsprint timberland year after year. The timber consumption is a matter of compare- which is preferred includes black spruos).
length then reach the mills in the steady flow necessary for maintaining. the supply required by newspapers from the Atlantic to the Pacific..
be
structure in the woody portion, and the
process is meant to eliminate every thing else.
percentages of China clay, kaolin and similar materials, serves to fill up the pores, render the finished paper leas absorptive of ink, and provides softer and better surface. Glue in another ingredient, alther as a coating or mixed in with the wood.
Poses. On To The Paper Machide. From the beating machine the material goes into tanks, equipped with revolving arms, in which it is agitated violently before transmission to the box which supplies it to the papar machine. Some water is added at this Hinge, in just sufficient quantity to cause the pulp to take form for handling ont the wire cloth on which it is to travers through the muching. A straining operation permits all fibre to pass onward, but eliminates any remaining knots or any portions which may not: have undergone adequate prepurationŻ Strong auction or vibration carries the material through the strainers. This brings the wood into the channel of gh trough, which is just the width of thay paper machine. From here the mass passes, flows on to a wire cloth, carried im rollers. This cloth is perhaps fifty feet in length, and stretched tact overs rollers at both ends. The clath carries the muterial through the machine.
On the moving screen much moistora exudes from the prepared wood by Kravitation, and Alters through the mesh. Most of the remaining water is extracted by means of suction, in the passage, over boxpa made for this parti cular purpose. Strips of rubber along the sides regulate the width of the paper that is under process of manag fucture. After passage over the suction boxes the paper is sufficiently's dry to hold its shape. Brisk sidewise ahuking serves to mat the fibres together. Pressure between revolving rolls removes the remaining moisture, and this le followed by rapid drying off superheater cylinders. The product l then ready to receive the Anishing touch in the form of smooth and uniform surface. This is given by rovolutions on chilled iron rulls, which press the paper, and making it ready for winding into the great recia scon by the general public as they are being unloaded from the eight or eighty trucks at the rectiyan ing platforms of hundreds of Americant nowspapers...
Paper Was Made From Raga
The first step in preparing the legs for the printing presses, is the removal Df the bark.and knots, & process accom- plished entirely by the use of muchin- the paper which is being madc The other materials existing between the ery. When this has been done i mass
sulphite in a proportion of approxi-cellular part of the wood. The cellular of material is fed into a revolving
mately oup to three, he contributed the cutter, the blades of which reduce the
qualities of toughness necessary to wond to cubical chips of a size of half
enable the paper to withstand the an inch or more.. To prepare thare, strain of passing through the high chips for further treatment, they are
During the preliminary process the spoed presses of the modern printing passed between heavy iron rollers, i establishment. In introducing the wood has been mixed with water in sulphite the manufacturers have found liberal geantition. The removal of the which braise them in order to make the wood more readily absorptive of the that iron must not be allowed to come luid begins while the bleaching in chemicals with which it is about to into contact with the chemical mixture under way, when a concentrator reduces treated. In effect this step is akin to The corrosive action is tail to the the water to the minimum amount the use of a hoe or rake in loosening metal when the latter is uxposed to the
required for proper circulation of the the soil around the base of a plant, for liquid, and for this reason the great mixture. This reduction effects economy the more ready absorption of moisture.
in the quantity of bleaching material in former days paper was made from ketties must be inod with jetd/--- The bruised chips are now subjected
Esat must be used. Immediately after rags, but increasing demand for the to a hot bath, under boiling temperature In this stage of preparedness the this step, another concentrator replaves output of the paper mills, and decrea for is period of several hours The wood Incks the whiteness required for the bleach The material in then. Ing supply of the rags, forced th action of the steam, the soaking, and
the paper on which the news of the beaten, and bruised methanjelly, wall development of the latter day process the operation of the chemicals, prepare world is to be printed/ This lack is it is of a consletancy required for the of converting treas into daily the material for the paper making overcome by the introduction of a solus folting process, wherein the substance-paper The new industry has become machine. The chief chemicat is ultion of bleaching powder, in such pro to speak, is waren thgether on the broting giant employing vast voluma phite, a solution of sulphurons seid portion needed for producing the wire cloth of the paper machine hs of capital and large armies of The sulphite suffices to impark a xact shade desired.
Is an operation of delicate character, Wherever possible a paper strength which is lacking in the wood The abs of the manufacturer is to and calls for the exercise be great ski located on a stream. The motor cours itsolf. Because of the pine of this
allow the process of diexetying and on the part of the operator for the sorvca, ta furnish power and to provide chemical the finished
Is known
bleaching to go Just to fat and no proper treatment of each individual, a supply of water for the manufacture alltid godareas through the mill Doring this period tion of the stream, in fogad in ity value? -the natural fibrettof,the thematerisi receives the additfen of as a means of transporting the logs un possible Wood. From his standpoint 266 impurfthe constance eded for sizing and theffourney from-format-to-ran ties the glutinons, resinous and loading. The introduction of small facturing plant.
tively recent development. The gromili:1. Hoplock, poplar and sapongez EROTICONCERT Battle STAMPY KAREN SEE further. What he'secke is the res{OVA);" class of Abra that may be on its waying process, Another important fang
of the Sunday paper, and the expansión" në 126k coine from the fores
of the week-day issues, have brought medium sized ranging from eight to new probioms ir meating the demund- 12 inches in diameter. In logs of shorti
mixed with When subscrrently a ground wood pulp, the boiled chips upply the shrous, quality needed for