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SHANGHAI
101
The Revenue of the French Concession for 1889 was Tls. 136,891.81. The sources from which it was derived were:-
Land Tax, four tenths of 1 per cent. Foreign House Tax, 4 per cent.
Native House Tax, 8 per cent.
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...Tls. 9,003.34
2,562.24
28,445.04
50,050.05
24,446.76
...
4
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16,532.56
5,851.44
Tls. 136,891.43
4
Licences, principally jinrickshas, brothels and opium shops Cleaning and Lighting Rates and other Taxes Paid by the Taotai and rent of quays and jetties Miscellaneous receipts
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The Expenditure in 1889 amounted to Tls. 148,575.50:- Secretariat (including Hospitals, Band, and Fire Brigade) Public Works (including Lighting) Police
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...Tls. 45,542.63
68,052.04 34,980.83
Tls. 148,575,50
The revenue for 1890 was estimated at Tls. 139,231, and the expenditure at the same amount.
The Foreign population increased rapidly up to 1865, but declined considerably during the next ten years. The census of 1865 gave the number of foreign residents in the three Settlements as 2,757, army and navy (British) 1,851, shipping 981, a total of 5,589. In the succeeding decade, 1876-85, however, it more than doubled, but since then has remained stationary. In 1870 the total in the Anglo-American Settlement was 1,666; in 1876, 1,673; in 1880, 2,197; and in 1885, 3,673. By the census of 24th June, 1890, there were in the Settlements north of the Yang-king-pang a total of 3,821_foreigners, 1,421 in the English division, 1,973 in Hongkew, 427 in outside roads and Pootung; of these 1,811 were males, 979 females, and 1,031 children, against 1,281 males, 218 females, and 167 children, a total of 1,666 in 1870, and 1,171 males, 502 females, and 524 children, a total of 2,197 in 1880. The increase has been greatest in Hongkew, where the population is three and a half-times what it was. The foreign population of the French Concession on the same date was 173 males, 123 females, and 148 children. The proportion of different nationalities in all the settlements was in 1876 1,662 British, 584 Portuguese, 350 American, 229 Spanish, 275 German, 263 French, 76 Danish, 253 of various other European nationalities, 403 Japanese, 98 Indians, and 72 Manilamen and other Asiatics. While the adult Foreign male population has increased only 41 per cent. since the census of 1870, the number of women has been multiplied four and a half and of children over six times. These figures do not include the population afloat, which at the date of the census was 1,009 against 893 in 1885. Although the Chinese have no right of residence within the Foreign Settlement, and indeed were expressly prohibited by the original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the boundaries from the rebels in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there were, it is said, at least four hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. As they found some amenities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental for their land, and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposition was made to their residence. In 1870 there were in the three Settlements 75,047. The numbers by the last census (June, 1890) were:-In the British Settlement 98,719, in Hongkew 44,435, in Foreign Hongs in both Settlements 7,113, villages and huts 4,520, in shipping and boats 6,342, total 168,129. The native population of the French Concession on 24th June last was 34,722 and the boat population about 5,000; say a total for the three Settlements and those afloat of 207,000, more than half of whom are adult males. The majority are immigrants from other provinces who followed in the wake of foreigners. The population of the native city is supposed to be about 125,000. The large congregation of natives in the Settlements is kept in admirable order by a Police force of 59 Europeans, 61 Indians, and 262 natives for the north of the Yang-king-pang, and 40 foreigners and 62 natives for the French Concession. As the natives have to be tried by their own authorities, and bribery doubtless works its effects in Shanghai as elsewhere in China, the difficulties of organizing and efficiently working such a small force are considerable. In few places is life and property more secure.
The climate of Shanghai is generally allowed to be fairly healthy. The death rate amongst foreigners ashore and afloat during the past seventeen years has ranged from 16.9 per thousand (in 1884) to 30.8 per thousand (in 1881). The rate in 1889, calculated on the basis of the census taken in June, 1890, was 17.64 per thousand. Partial outbreaks