晚清西文報紙導要 — Page 4

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secretary, Chinese "Ministry of Commerce" (1902-1903); chief secretary,
imperial Chinese railway administration (1903-1905). He was also ad- viser to the Viceroy of Nanking in 1898, adviser to the viceroy of Wuchang
from 1901, and a member of the Commission for Treaty Revision in 1903-1904.
In 1900 he assisted the Shanghai taotai in arranging the Yangtze compact.
Publications.
FERNANDES, Francisco Hermenegildo
1893-1899: ed. and pub. O Echo Macaense (1.11.4)
FERREIRA, António Casimiro
1899-1901: ed. Jornal de Macau (1.17)
FERREIRA, E.
(?)-(?): pub. O Independente (4.1.4)
Despite his appointment as Portuguese consul to Shanghai in 1878, José da Silva appears to have been active in Hong Kong with 0 Independente. Nevertheless, the publisher is cited as E. Ferreira, No dates are given,
but the newspaper was published in Hong Kong in 1869-1873, and again in
1880-1882.
FERRIS, W.F.
(?)-June 1866:
June-Nov. 1866:
reporter, Hongkong Daily Press (3.5.2)
founder and ed. Hongkong Mercury (3,6)
then: reporter, Hongkong Daily Press
Ferris left the Press because of the policies of Sinnett, the new
editor.
He then founded the Mercury (with Bain as publisher) but with-
drew at the end of October and later rejoined the Press.
FINK, Carl (b. Germany, 1861)
1894-1898:
sub-ed. Die Post, Berlin
1902-1911: pub.(?) and ed. Der Ostasiatische Lloyd (6.8.1)
1904-(?): founder and pub.(?) Tageblatt für Nordchina (7.5)
and Tsingtauer Neueste Nachrichten (7.11)
1909 (?)-1911: director, Shanghai Mercury (5.7.10)
Educated in the universities of Leipzig and Berlin, Fink saw military service both in the United States and Mexico, 1884-1893.
He may have
been connected with Der Ostasiatische Lloyd as early as 1898, and he
apparently had a financial interest in it from 1902. Certainly in 1909
he was co-proprietor with H. Lochlin. Fink was active in the founding
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127
of two North China newspapers, but how involved he remained is yet to be determined. In 1905 he was listed as "on the staff" of the Tageblatt für Nordchina, but resident in Shanghai. His connection with the Mercury is evidence of a possible continuing relationship between the two papers.
Publications.
FRANCIS, J.J.
1895-1901 (?): prop. Hongkong Telegraph (3.8)
Francis was a Queen's Counsel.
FRANKLYN, W.H.
1835-1836: founder and ed. Canton Press (2.3)
Franklyn was a merchant.
FRASER, David Stewart (b. Aberdeen, Scotland, 1869; d. Washington, D.C., 1953)
1901-1911: associated with London Times
1911: ed. Peking and Tientsin Times (7.2)
After education at Chanonry House, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh Institute, Fraser began as a clerk in London with the Bank of New Zealand, then went to Calcutta with the Bank of Bengal, where he began contributing articles to local papers. In 1900 he served in the Boer War and on his return to London sought employment with the Times. There being no vacancy, he went as a personal servant to the Times Far Eastern corres- pondent and supervised the setting up of a radio receiving station at Weihaiwei, China, to take news messages. In the Russo-Japanese War, which he reported from the Battle of the Yalu to the Battle of Shaho J, his dispatches on General Kuroki's artillery tactics made a contribution to military history. He subsequently traveled in the Middle East, returning to China in 1911. Fraser was a man of action. His obituary in the Times states that he "sat uncomfortably in the editorial chair of the Peking and Tientsin Times," and that he had a "wary though not immutable skepticism to 'Young Turkey' or 'Young China, "" Publications.
•
FRASER-SMITH, Robert (d. 1895)
1881-1895: founder, pub., and ed. Hongkong Telegraph (3.8)
Fraser-Smith was the last of that breed of China-coast editors
and which began with Wood and also included Dixson, Tarrant, Murrow, José da Silva. In 1882 he was jailed for libel but given $1000 by
In 1883 Bulgin admirers and a congratulatory address on his release.
was awarded $100 damages in a second libel case, and Fraser-Smith was again in prison for libel in 1890, being released solely on grounds of health. His policy was tolerant of the Chinese and and their resistance to modernization; he was bitterly critical of the policies of Governor
Sir George F. Bowen.
GOENNERT, J.
1911: ed. and manager, Ostasiatische Nachrichten (7.9)
GREATHEAD, Astle
1881:
GREEN, John
manager, North-China Herald (5.1.5)
1899-1900: ed. Shanghai Daily Press (5.10.1)
1900: staff member Shanghai Mercury
1910-1911: sub-ed. Shanghai Times (5.11)
GREEN, Owen Mortimer
1909:
1911:
asst. ed. North-China Herald (5.1.5)
ed. North-China Herald (?)
Publications.
GREY, Willis P.
1902: pub. Shanghai Times (5.11)
Grey was involved in China railway enterprises.
GUEDES, Florindo Duarte
1884-1885: 1885-1898:
pub. and ed. (?) O Echo da China (4.5.1)
pub. and ed. 0 Extremo Oriente (4.5.2)
1888: pub. Catholic Register (3.10.2)
128
M. Fernandes Carvalho replaced Guedes as editor of 0 Extremo Oriente at an unknown date. From 1878, Guedes may have been publisher of both the Hong Kong Catholic Register and the Catholic Register (3.10.1-2). Reference should also be made to the printing and publishing activities of Guedes and Company, which published O Progresso (6.2) in Shanghai. This company may have been owned by J.M. Guedes. tion on his relationship with F.D. Guedes is not available, but that there was a relationship is borne out by the career of M. Fernandes Carvalho, who edited both Hong Kong and Shanghai publications for "Guedes."
GUEDES, J.M.
Informa-
1897-1903(?): pub. Shanghai Daily Press, 1897-1901 (5.10.1); pub. New Press, 1901-1903 (5.10.2); pub. Daily Press(?) (5.10.3) J.M. Guedes was probably involved in the activities of Guedes and Company in conjunction with Florindo Duarte Guedes.
GUNDRY, Richard Simpson (b. Devizes, England, 1838; d. England, 1924)
early 1860's: reporter, North-China Herald (5.1.1)
1866-1878: ed. and part-owner North-China Herald (5.1.1-5)
Gundry was active in the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society and in the Shanghai Club. He first wrote on local affairs, but later traveled widely and was China correspondent for the Times. He probably left China about 1889 and became the honorary secretary of the China Association from its founding through 1901, and its president from 1905 to 1908. Publications.
HADEN, George William (b. 1828; d. Shanghai, 1880)
1874-1878: reporter, North-China Herald (5.1.5) 1878-1880: ed. North-China Herald
Before 1878 Haden was acting editor of the North-China Herald; he replaced Gundry in August 1878, but died suddenly on March 14, 1880.
HALE, Bertram Augustus (b. 1870)
(?)-1895: reporter in Devonshire and London
1895:
1899:
1903:
Japan Chronicle
ed. and part-prop. Hiogo News
manager, Hongkong Daily Press (3.5.2)
1908-1911: managing editor, Hongkong Daily Press
HAMILTON, A.
prior to 1904: Far East correspondent, Pall Mall Gazette 1911: ed. South China Morning Post (3.9)
HELME, E.B.
1910-1911: ed. Hongkong Telegraph (3.8)
HICKS, A.
1911: ed. Hongkong Telegraph (3.8)
HOFFERT, F.
1902 (June-Oct.): ed. and pub. (?) Der Ostasiatische Lloyd (6.8.1)
JAMIESON, Robert Alexander
1863-1866: ed. North-China Herald (5.1.1) 1870-1871: ed. and pub. The Cycle (5.16)
129
Jamieson was competent in Chinese before 1863 and had been contributing translations to the Herald. He left China in 1866, completed his medical course in Ireland, and was offered the Chair of Chinese in King's College, London. He returned to China in 1868, however, and became consulting
His policies both surgeon to the Imperial Maritime Customs service.
on the Herald and on the Cycle reflected a lifelong interest in and
He was a friend and associate of Sir sympathy for things Chinese. Robert Hart. In addition to journalism he was active in the literary world of Shanghai, including the Royal Asiatic Society. Publications.
JEFFREY, James (b. Edinburgh; d. Shanghai, 1870)
1858-1861: printer and overseer, China Mail (3.4.1), also listed as
pub. during Dixson's proprietorship
1861-(?): ed. (with James Layton Brown) Hongkong Register (3.3.7)
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131
In 1866 Jeffrey was on the staff of the North-China Herald (5.1.1) and then with the Shanghai maritime customs office as a clerk.
JOHNSON, John Henry
1880 (May-Oct.): ed. Shanghai Courier (5.7.9)
Johnson had had previous newspaper experience on the Sheffield Radical and the Sussex Daily News. He was dismissed from his Courier editorship for failing to reveal that he was acting as Shanghai corres- pondent of the London Standard.
JONES, Charles Treasure
1864-1866:
pub. and (1865-1866) ed. Shanghai Recorder (5.3.1) 1867-1871: prop. and ed. Shanghai Evening Express (5.5) 1869 (Jan.-May): ed. Friend of China (5.4.1-2)
1872 (?): founder and ed. European Budget (8.6)
By 1860 Jones was a second assistant secretary with the British consular service in Shanghai and subsequently was acting vice-consul. In December 1864 he bought into the Shanghai Recorder and probably in the following year became sole proprietor. He sold the Recorder in March 1866 on the grounds that it was losing money and started Shanghai's first evening paper in 1867, with C. do Rozario. By 1868 Jones had gained complete control of the enterprise and do Rozario founded his own opposition newspaper, the Shanghai Evening Courier. During 1867-1868 Jones's editorial activities were checked by his having to face charges of embezzlement from consular funds; according to the charges, Jones had taken consular funds and deposited them in his own account, which he then used to finance his purchase of the Recorder. The first trial resulted in no verdict, however, and the verdict of the second was that he had merely been careless with the accounts.
William Tarrant, publisher of the Friend of China, was attempting to retire and in January 1869 asked Jones to edit the paper. He became dissatisfied with Jones's work, however, and regained control in May. In 1868 and again in 1869 bankruptcy proceedings were brought against Jones, and he also became involved in litigation with his compositors, which he lost, and in disputes with Tarrant. These proceedings forced
Jones to close down the Express in April and May 1869 and to open again
under the supervision of N.B. Bonney and Company. In 1870 Jones was ordered to pay $25 a month to creditors. In 1871, in debt to D. Wares Smith of the Recorder, he left China and was declared a bankrupt. In England he founded and edited the European Budget, a "reverse overland" containing news for transmission by the mails to China.
KEATING, Arthur Saunders
1830-1833: ed. Canton Register (2.1.2)
Keating was an Irish merchant who had had long connections with both Jardine and the Mathesons in Magniac and Company. The Register's policy of staying clear of controversy made it the subject of increasingly personal attacks from W.W. Wood's Chinese Courier and Canton Gazette (2.2). Keating challenged Wood to a duel, but on Wood's acceptance, argued about the conditions and subsequently left Macao for Lin Tin Island, where he remained until tempers cooled.
KEMP, James (b. Edinburgh, 1831; d. Hong Kong, 1865)
1860-1863: ed. China Mail (3.4.1)
1863-1865:
prop. A. Short rede and Co.
Kemp had been a parochial schoolmaster in Scotland before coming out to Hong Kong as headmaster of St. Andrew's School in 1860; he began to edit the China Mail the same year. He had contributed articles to the Stirling Journal and may have been connected with the Sydney Herald before going to Hong Kong. He bought A. Short rede and Company from Dixson in July
1863.
KINGSMILL, Thomas William (b. 1837)
1894-1897: ed. Shanghai Mercury (5.7.10)
1897-1899: ed. Shanghai Daily Press (5.10.1)
Kingsmill, who had been privately educated, was a civil engineer
and architect, with long residence in Shanghai. He did considerable surveying work, especially in Shantung, and was a councillor of the Royal Asiatic Society. Publications.
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132
KLIORIN, Z.M.
1907: ed. Devyatyi Val (7.25.2)
1907-1911:
KLOCKE, E.
co-ed. Novaia Zhizn' (7.25.3)
During this period, Latimer, a Shanghai merchant (Nichol Latimer
and Company), was part-owner with Edwin Pickwoad of the newspaper and
was probably listed as its publisher.
VAN LEBERGHE, Marcel
1905-1911: ed. Le Courrier de Tientsin (7.7.1)
133
1905-1908:
VON KROPFF, H.
ed. Tageblatt für Nordchina (7.5)
LEMIÈRE, J.E.
ed. Tsingtauer Neueste Nachrichten (7.11)
1904-1908(?):
1910(?)-1911: ed. Kiauts chou-Post (7.13)
LALOR, John Patrick
late 1870's: ed. Foochow Herald (7.33.3)
LANG, Hugh (b. 1832; d. Shanghai, 1875)
1869: became connected with Shanghai Evening Courier (5.7.3) 1871: ed. Courier
1872-1875:
ed. and pub. Courier and Budget
Lang apparently obtained control of the Shanghai News-Letter (5.7.2) in 1871 and used it as a mail edition until 1873, when it merged with the Courier and Budget group (5.7). Lang came to China in 1862, where
he engaged in commerce and brokerage. He was also a classical scholar,
A
did most of his own local reporting, and was well-known and liked in Shanghai. He suffered from poor health and died January 19, 1875. Publications.
LASSEN, H.P.C.
1869-1871: prop. Daily Advertiser (3.7.1)
Lassen went brankrupt and was forced to sell his newspaper property, but one source gives the date as 1873, in which case Bain, the publisher of the enlarged Advertiser (3.7.2) 1871-1873, would have been only a
part-owner.
LATIMER, Nichol (b. 1830; d. Shanghai, 1865)
1863-1865: part-owner, North-China Herald (5.1.1)
1897-1907: ed.-in-chief L'Echo de Chine (6.7.1).
He wrote
Lemière was also manager of Les Presses Orientales.
numerous articles and editorials under the pseudonym "Nemo."
LÉPISSIER, Emile
1870-1872: ed. Le Progrès (6.5)
Publications.
Lépissier was a bitter rival of M. Beer, the editor of Le Nouvelliste (6.4.1). On one occasion he was attacked by Beer and fired his revolver in return, for which he was penalized by a fifty-franc fine and the con- fiscation of his revolver. He subsequently brought a libel action against
Beer.
LEVENCIGLER, G.O.
1907: pub. Vestnik Vostoka (7.25.1)
1907-1911: co-ed. Novaia Zhizn' (7.25.3)
LEVY, Henry M.
1861: pub. Hongkong Register (3.3.7)
}
LI Sum Ling (1881-
prior to 1906: 1906 (?)-1909: managing ed. ilua-tzu jih-pao
"native note writer," China Mail (3.4.1)
1909: ed. Peking Daily News (7.17.2)
✈ ✪ R
(Chinese Mail)
Li Sum Ling was educated at St. Paul's College, Hong Kong.
LI Tsing Chi
1911: manager, Peking Daily News (7.17.2)
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135
LITTLE, Robert W. (d. Shanghai, 1906)
1889-1906: ed. North China Herald (5.1.5)
Little, who came to China in the early 1860's, was well-known and
loved, being referred to as "Uncle Bob." From 1871 to 1881 he was secretary of the Municipal Council.
LLOYD, George T. (b. Wales, 1872)
before 1900: general newspaper experience in South Wales; then ed.
The Echo, Southend-on-sea
1900: ed. The Herald, Goole, Yorkshire
then: asst. ed. East London Advertiser and Essex Guardian
then:
ed. Luton Reporter
1904:
asst. ed. South China Morning Post (3.9)
1907: ed. and general manager and secretary, South China Morning Post, Ltd.
LO Sing Low
1911: ed. Peking Daily News (7.17.2)
LOCHLIN, H.
1909-(?):
co-prop. Der Ostasiatische Lloyd (6.8.1)
LOUREIRO, Pedro (d. St. Paul de Loandes, Africa, 1876)
1873-1874: pub. and founder, Evening Gazette (5.7.6) and Celestial
Empire (5.7.8)
After successfully founding these two newspapers, Loureiro sold out to Frederic Henry Balfour, his editor, at the end of 1874. He started business with Dent and Company in Macao, but in 1866 was accused of embezzling funds; the judge in the case was overruled by the Macao authorities and Loureiro was jailed for six months, receiving a full pardon in 1869 when the case was reviewed. He was later in business as Loureiro and Company in Shanghai and was secretary of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. He died on the west coast of Africa. Publications.
MCDERMID, R.R.
1904-1907: pub. (with J. McMillan) Chefoo Daily News (7.30)
MCLEISH, William (b. England, 1851)
1901-1903: ed. Peking and Tientsin Times (7.2)
McLeish was educated at the Royal Naval School, Greenwich, and took a B.A. at the University of London. Subsequently he was an assistant master at Dulwich College (1871-1886), from which post he went to China as Professor of Navigation and Nautical Astronomy, Imperial Naval College, Tientsin (1886-1900). He was secretary of the British Municipal Council
Publication. (Tientsin) from 1903 to 1907.
MACLELLAN, J.W.
1883-1886: commercial ed. North-China Herald (5.1.5)
1886: sub. ed. North-China Herald
1886-1889: ed. North_China Herald
Maclellan first came to China in 1858 as sub-manager of the new Shanghai branch of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China.
Publications.
MCLEOD, Malcolm (d. 1874)
1859 (end)-June 1860: ed. and pub. China Chronicle (3.3.5)
McLeod was Canadian and had some writing experience before coming to Hong Kong in the late 1840's to join Jardine Matheson and Company. After Phillips's failure with the Register (3.3.2), Strachan regained possession and was persuaded to sell to McLeod by Jardine's, who held a mortgage on the property. Contemporary reports are highly critical of McLeod, and to judge from samples of his style, such criticism
Strachan regained possession once more in June, appears reasonable.
although not without compensating McLeod.
MacMAHON, J.P.
1873-1875: ed. and pub. Foochow Herald (7.33.3)
MacMahon is reported as commanding "some Chinese troops" around
Foochow in 1875.
MCMILLAN, J.
1904-1907(?): pub. (with R. R. McDermid) Chefoo Daily News (7.30)
136
MAITLAND, Frank J. (d. 1907)
1902-1906: prop:
Shanghai Times (5.11)
Maitland was a merchant and senior partner of Maitland and Company.
In the 1890's he had been proprietor of Sport and Gossip; the latter was
sold in 1907 to the Shanghai Mercury, after having combined with the
Shanghai Times in 1902. Maitland was in partnership with others, in-
cluding Henry O'Shea, but he bought them out in 1902. After a dis- agreement with Collinwood, he sold out to the Oriental Press in 1906.
MALADE, G.
1906:
manager, Tageblatt für Nordchina (7.5)
137
Most sources state that James Matheson was publisher or proprietor
of the Register from the beginning (see Alexander Matheson, above), but he was personally absent from Canton until September 1828.
He kept
editorial control until 1833. Jardine's had a financial interest through
mortgage in the Register throughout its life. During the days of the East
India Company monopoly, Matheson kept the Register out of the free trade controversy, and later, in 1840, objected to the violently anti-American
His letter to slant which the editor John Slade was giving articles.
the editor was printed under the pseudonym "A British Merchant."
MAYHEW, Athol
1880-1883: ed. Shanghai Courier (5.7.9)
1881-1883: lessee, Shanghai Courier
MARCAL, A.A.
1878-1888: printer and pub. Amoy Gazette and Shipping Report (7.28.2)
MARCAL, J.F.
1888-1911: pub. Amoy Gazette and Shipping Report (7.28.2)
MARNHAM, A.W.
1906: ed. Shanghai Times (5.11)
MARSHALL, V.
1902: ed. Shanghai Times (5.11)
1906: ed. Bund
In 1902 Marshall was involved in a slander suit brought by the
American consul Goodnow. The Bund was a Shanghai magazine.
MATHESON, Sir Alexander (b. Scotland 1805; d. 1886)
1827-1828: pub. (?) Canton Register (2.1.1)
Alexander Matheson lent W.W. Wood the handpress on which were
printed the first issues of the Canton Register. Wood may also have
been publisher, but in any case, James Matheson was certainly the
proprietor by September 1828.
MATHESON, Sir (Nicholas) James Sutherland, Bart. (b. Scotland 1796; d. 1878)
1828-1849: prop. (through Magniac and Company and Jardine Matheson
and Company) Canton Register (2.1.2), then Hongkong Register (3.3.1-2)
Publications.
MICHIE, Alexander (d. 1891)
1886-1891: ed. and pub. Chinese Times (7.1)
Michie had previously been a leading contributor to the Shanghai
Courier (5.7.9), and he also wrote for the China Mail (3.4.1). He lived
most of his life in China as both writer and merchant. In 1861 he was
a partner of Lindsay and Company, then was with Chapman, King and Company.
He served on the Shanghai Municipal Council and as chairman of the
Shanghai Chamber of Commerce. In the 1860's he traveled through Siberia.
Publications.
MITCHELL, William Henry
1849-1850: ed. Hongkong Register (3.3.2)
Mitchell came to China in 1843 as a merchant; he engaged in trade
at Amoy, then held a position as clerk in the British Consulate. From
1846 to 1847 he directed Mitchell and Company but did not do well, and
he began contributing to the Friend of China (3.1.2) and to Singapore
newspapers. Under the pseudonyms Vindex and Fairplay, he contributed
bitterly anti-government articles and letters to the Friend of China, but while editor of the Register, he directed a very pro-government editorial policy. Mitchell left the Register in April 1850 to accept
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He
an appointment as assistant police magistrate and sheriff, in which positions he became notorious. In 1856 Hong Kong newspapers accused him of extorting money from prisoners; he was tried and acquitted. later brought a libel suit against T. Chisholm Anstey, the reforming Attorney-General of the Colony, but it failed. By 1859 he had become acting chief magistrate, despite all attempts to remove him. Promise of coming investigations, however, influenced his decision to retire a few months after the arrival of Governor Sir Hercules Robinson (1859- 1865). Mitchell was one of those civil servants involved in the bitter quarrels and rivalries which so disturbed the early years of the Colony.
MOLLER, Edmund
1836-1844: ed. Canton Press (2.3)
A Prussian subject and from Hamburg, Moller maintained an independent editorial policy, shaking the paper loose from its original pro-East India Company position. He first came to Canton in 1835 from Manila. In 1844 he returned to trade, remaining in Macao until the end of the year and then moving to Canton, where he entered into business with Arthur Agassiz. In 1847 he was secretary of the Canton Chamber of Commerce.
MONESTIER, A.
1907-1911: ed. L'Echo de Chine (6.7.1)
MORISS, Henry (1843-1919)
1866-1911:
(5.1)
part-owner, Pickwoad and Company, pub. of North-China Herald
On the death of Pickwoad, a share of the newspaper company went to his daughter Una, and her husband, Henry Moriss. Moriss came to
Shanghai in 1866 with the Bank of Hindustan, invested well, and had his own brokerage business. In 1919 his share of the property (by then probably the majority holding if not complete ownership) passed to his sons. He apparently did not influence editorial policy.
MORRISON, Rev. Robert (b. 1782; d. Canton, 1834)
1828-1830: principal writer, de facto ed. Canton Register (2.1.2) 1833: co-ed. and pub. The Evangelist (with Charles Gutzlaff)
His
After William Wood left the Register, Morrison was its principal contributor and was responsible for the Chinese translations. attitude toward the Chinese reflected the prejudices of evangelical Christianity, and the newspaper began to have some of the aspects of a missionary journal. During Keating's editorship, Morrison continued to supply translations, but the next editor, Slade, was himself a
Sinologist.
Morrison had come to China in 1807 as the first Protestant missionary; he learned Chinese and became interpreter for the East India Company, serving in 1816 on the Amherst mission, going in 1822 to Malacca, and, after a visit to England, returning in 1826 to Canton, where he lived until his death. Publications.
MOSSMAN, Samuel
1861: asst. to ed. North-China Herald (5.1.1)
1861-1863: ed. North-China Herald
Mossman came to Shanghai as an assistant to editor C.S. Compton in August 1861 and took over when the latter returned to England later in the year. He also had a financial interest in the newspaper. Mossman wrote several books on life in Australia, where he had spent his early years. In the 1870's he visited and wrote on Japan; he subsequently returned to England and continued a literary career.
Publications.
MURROW, Yorick Jones (b. Wales, 1817; d. Jersey, 1884) 1857-1866: ed. Hongkong Daily Press (3.5.1-2) 1858-1884: pub. or prop. Hongkong Daily Press 1867-1870(?) : ed. and pub. London and China Herald (8.2)
Murrow was the founder of the Daily Press and probably had some financial interest in it from the first. In 1866 he leased it to W.H. Bell. On his death the property passed to his family. The heir in 1911 was Colonel H.L. Murrow of Hong Kong. As a merchant Murrow had contributed most of the statistical tables for the China Mail, least in the early 1850's, and he was therefore especially bitter
at
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141
against the Mail when
in 1858 it supported the government's action in prosecuting him for libel. He continued to edit his newspaper from
jail. Murrow sided with those attempting to reform the civil service,
testified against D.W. Caldwell, and attempted to revive the case
against the retired Colonel Caine. His attack on Colonial Secretary
W.T. Mercer (who was the officer administering the Colony from March
1865 to 1866) resulted in Murrow's apology and departure from the Colony.
Murrow was the son of a Liverpool solicitor and started life as a
merchant, coming to China in 1838 in the employ of Jamieson, How,
and Company. He started Murrow and Company some time before 1844; it
was based in Canton and was closed in 1849. Within two years Murrow
was in partnership with the American firm James Stephenson and Company,
engaged in the rice trade with California and, primarily, in the trans-
portation of coolies. The partnership was dissolved in 1854, but Murrow
carried on under the same name, until the firm, Murrow, Stephenson, and
Company, went bankrupt in 1859. His coolie activities resulted in charges
of abduction and slavery, and he was fined; subsequently he turned against
the trade and carried on a violent anti-coolie trade campaign both in
Hong Kong and in London. An enterprising and original businessman,
Murrow introduced a fleet of specially adapted steamers on the Macao,
Hong Kong, and Canton run.
During the Second Sino-British War, trade
on this run diminished and Murrow allowed the ships to be used by British forces operating in the north. He spent several years petitioning before
he received compensation. Murrow married a Portuguese in 1861 and had
four children; he returned to London a rich man.
Murrow held a grudge against Jardine Matheson dating back to 1844,
when the company had refused to insure a ship in which he held an interest
and subsequently foreclosed on a mortgage, whereby Murrow suffered
financially.
A man of strong opinions, Murrow was typical of the personal
journalism of the period. He was at odds both with the China Mail and
with William Tarrant of the Friend of China; and his attacks on govern- ment, though often justified, were personal and forced his retirement from the editorship of his newspaper. Back in London he was an
adjuster of averages but remained at least until 1870 in the active journalistic world with his "reverse overland," the London and China
Herald.
Libel cases.
In 1858 Murrow accused Governor Bowring of favoritism to Jardine Matheson (Bowring's son was their employee). Jailed for six months and fined $100, he continued attacking government from jail; he again libeled Bowring, and apologized. Murrow then libeled Jardine Matheson (accusing them of insuring and sending out an unseaworthy vessel and then collecting insurance when it sank--and apologized. At the end of 1859 he libeled the Reverend William Lobscheid, and apologized; in 1860 he libeled Caldwell and was bound over for one year; and, finally,
there was the Mercer case described above. This list may not be complete.
NAVARRA, Bruno R.A.
1887-1889: founder, pub., and ed. Der Ostasiatische Lloyd (6.8.1)
Publications,
NEISH, Robert Davidson (b. Scotland, 1864)
1899: ed. and manager Walthamstow Herald
1900: joined Shanghai Mercury (5.7.10),serving as reporter, manager,
sub-ed., acting ed., deputy managing ed.
1909-1911:
ed. Shanghai Mercury
Neish received his early training on the Dundee Courier and
Weekly News.
DAS NEVES TAVARES, E.F.
1898: ed. O Lusitano (1.16)
NEWMAN, Charles L. Norris (b. England, 1852)
1906-1909: ed.-in-chief China Review (7.6.1)
1909-1911: ed.-in-chief China Critic (7.6.2)
1906-1911:
chairman, North China Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd. (pub. Review and Critic)
Educated for the Army at Sherborne, Lubeck, and Harrow, Newman went through the seige of Paris (1870-1871), served with Don Carlos in Spain, Gordon in Egypt, in South Africa, the Zululand campaign,
142
L
Madagascar, and Zanzibar. He was special war correspondent for the London Times, Pall Mall Gazette, Standard, and Daily Mail. He left
for the Far East in 1900.
Newman's associations with the Russians began with his appointment as English instructor to the Russian Naval Staff at Port Arthur in 1902. In 1904 he witnessed the Japanese attacks and then traveled with the Russians as a special corespondent. He was appointed to bring out the "first Russian journal in the Far East," the presumably English- language China Review. No copies have been located, but in view of the existence of the Russian-language newspaper Novyi Krai, Port Arthur, either the Review was a journal rather than a newspaper or the statement excludes publications in purely Russian spheres of influence.
Publications.
NOBLE, J.W.
1906-1911: chairman, South China Morning Post, Ltd. (3.9)
1911: director, Hongkong Telegraph (3.8)
NOLASCO, Luiz
1909-1910: director, Vida Nova (1.19)
1910-1911: ed. and director, Vida Nova
O'SHEA, Henry D.
1891-1894: ed. Shanghai Mercury (5.7.10)
1894-1909: ed. China Gazette (5.9)
1902: prop. and ed. (with Frank Maitland) Shanghai Times (5.11)
O'SHEA, John (b. Dublin, 1869)
1890-1891: reporter, Shanghai Mercury (5.7.10)
1894-1895: sub. ed. China Gazette (5.9)
1902, 1906-1911: ed. Shanghai Times (5.11)
O'Shea was educated at St. Patrick's, Druncondra, and privately.
OSWALD, Richard
1842-(?): prop. Friend of China (3.1.1-2)
143
later had his
In 1847 he was not listed as
A partner in Oswald, Disandt, and Company, Oswald own business as R. Oswald and Company.
He was certainly the first proprietor of resident in the colony.
the Friend of China, but it is not certain when he sold to Carr, or even if he retained ownership until Tarrant's advent in 1850 (although
He had no influence on editorial the latter is highly improbable). policy.
PARK, A.
1900: ed. Shanghai Daily Press (5.10.1)
PEREIRA, Carlos José
1822-1823: writer, A Abelha da China (1.1)
The frequency and importance of Pereira's contributions suggest that he had an important role--perhaps de facto editor--on the staff of this first China-coast newspaper.
PEREIRA, Manoel L. Roza
1875-1876: ed. Jornal de Macau (1.9.5)
Pereira worked first on the China Mail (3.4.1), probably from 1845, and then with the Register (3.3.2), aiding it after the
In 1876 he went to Shanghai. Chronicle interlude in 1860 (3.3.7).
PETRIE, Thomas (b. Scotland)
(?)-1900: reporter, Dundee Courier and Argus
1900-1902: reporter, China Mail
1902: sub-ed. Siam Observer
1903: Japan Herald
1904-1907: sub-ed. South China Morning Post (3.9)
1907-1911:
asst. ed. South China Morning Post
1911: ed. South China Morning Post
Petrie's move from Bangkok was made for health reasons.
PETZOLD, B.
1908-1911: ed. Tageblatt fur Nordchina (7.5)
I
144
PHILLIPS, Richard Augustus Long
1859: ed. and pub. Hongkong Register (3.3.2)
Phillips's bad management and extravagance led to financial failure, and he was forced to leave Hong Kong with unpaid debts after Robert Strachan recovered the property.
PICART
1900: prop. Die Deutsch-Asiatische Warte (7.10)
PICKWOAD, Edwin (d. Southampton, 1866)
1861-1866: prop. North-China Herald (5.1.1)
On Pickwoad's death the property passed to his heirs as owners of Pickwoad and Company--principally to his wife, Janet Pickwoad, and his daughter, Una Pickwoad, who married Henry Moriss. Others, however, including editors, also had a financial interest in the company.
Pickwoad came to China from Australia, was elected secretary of the Municipal Council and was supervisor of the police. In 1865 he went to London, returning in 1866 to arrange affairs on the North-China Herald, He left for England in June and died six days after his arrival in Southampton.
In 1879 Mrs. Janet Pickwoad came out to Shanghai and in 1880 took over the conduct of the business.
POLETIKA, S.V.
1910-1911: ed. Novyi Krai (7.20)
POOLE, T.
1831: prop. (?) Chinese Courier and Canton Gazette (2.2)
PRATT, Frederick Lionel (b. Australia, 1872)
1905:
leader writer, China Mail (3.4.1); ed. Who's Who
1911: ed. Hongkong Telegraph (3.9)
Pratt had a career in Australian and Far Eastern journalism.
PRESTON, Thomas
1875-1876: ed. Hongkong Times (3.7.
1878-1880:
3)
manager, Shanghai Courier (5.7.9)
145
Preston came to Hong Kong in 1874 and was assistant to Curtis when the latter died at sea. His letters reveal him as capable and con- scientious but naturally unable to cope with an impossible situation. Later, on the Courier, he may have been considered "publisher," and at least one source gives his name as editor for 1879.
REDMOND, H.E.
1907-1909(?): ed. Peking and Tientsin Times (7.2) Redmond was formerly with the London Standard.
REID, Thomas H. (b. Scotland, 1865)
1885: Free Press, Aberdeen
1891 joined staff China Mail (3.4.1) 1894-1904: ed. China Mail, also part-prop.
1905: news ed. The Standard
1906: managing ed. Straits Times, Singapore
Reid was also the Hong Kong correspondent of the London Times and Standard (1894-1904), of the New York Herald (1898-1904), and was with Dewey at Manila.
DOS REMEDIOS
1889(?)-1890: pub. and ed. O Hongkong Alegre (4.6)
RIVINGTON, Charles
1879-prior to 1888: founder and part-owner (with John D. Clark),
Shanghai Mercury (5.7.10)
Rivington was a Shanghai share broker.
ROEHR, Viktor
1903-1905: ed. Die Deutsch-Asiatische Warte (7.10)
After 1907 Roehr was proprietor of a German printing house in
Tsingtao.
ROSARIO, D.
1873-before 1900: prop. and ed. Foochow Daily Echo (7.34)
146
147
Rosario was the proprietor of the Foochow Printing Press. By 1900 his widow was in control as both proprietor and editor, and so remained
at least until 1909.
ROSS-REID, J.
1907:
sub. ed. Hankow Daily News (7.38)
1909: ed. Hankow Daily News
DO ROZARIO, C.
1867-1868: pub. Shanghai Evening Express (5.5) 1868-1872: pub. Shanghai Evening Courier (5.7.3) 1870-1872: pub. Le Nouvelliste de Changhai (6.4.1)
1870-1871: pub. The Cycle (5.16)
C. and A.A. do Rozario were printers and C. do Rozario had a financial interest in the above-listed newspapers. Judging at least from the diversity of the list, he did not attempt to control editorial policy. His first adventure with C. Treasure Jones was based on a poorly drafted agreement, and Jones obtained complete control in 1868, whereupon do Rozario founded the rival Shanghai Evening Courier.
RYDER, George M.
1857: prop. Daily Press (3.5.1)
An American merchant, Ryder had worked and written for both the Register (3.3.2) and the Friend of China (3.1.2). Murrow was from the first the dominant figure on the Press and may also have held substantial financial interests in it.
SAINT, Charles Abraham
1867-1872: pub. China Mail (3.4.1)
1870-1872: ed. China Mail
When the China Mail's publisher and editor Nicholas B. Dennys could not pay Jardine Mathes on the interest on his debt, James Whittal secured the services of Charles Saint as manager, and later in the same year (1867) Saint bought out Dennys for $12,000, probably assuming part of the Jardine debt as well. After Dennys left the
editorship in 1870, Saint also took over that job. He sold out to G.M. Bain in 1872, at which time Dennys again assumed the editorship. Although it was Murrow who was best known for directing violent press attacks aginst the Macao coolie trade, Saint and the Mail also became heavily involved and were sued by Horta, the governor of Macao, and Amaral, the ex-governor. Saint pleaded justification and the case lasted over a year; Saint was discharged in October 1869.
SALABELLE, S.
prior to 1886: ed. and pub. L'Echo du Japon, Yokohama 1886: ed. and pub. L'Echo de Changhai
He transferred
Salabelle was mainly concerned with the promotion of French interests in the Far East, with one of his special concerns being the development of French commercial activity in Tonkin. his newspaper from Japan in order to take advantage of the improved communications facilities available in Shanghai.
DE S. GONZALO DE AMARANTE, Frey António, O.D.
1822-1823: ed. A Abelha da China (1.1)
Superior of the Dominicans in Macao, Frey António was a member of the Absolutist Party (Miguelites). With the advent to power of the Conservative Party, he and others fled Macao in 1823 for Canton and
eventually Calcutta.
DOS SANTOS, Joaquim José
1822-1823: business manager (?) A Abelha da China (1.1)
Dos Santos' name is listed in each issue as the person to whom subscriptions should be addressed.
DOS SANTOS, Manuel Joaquim
1882-1883: ed. 0 Correio de Macau (1.12.1)
SCHITTLER, W.
1889 (?):
ed. and pub. Der Ostasiatische Lloyd (6.8.1)
--
148
149
SERGEANT
1900: ed. Hongkong Daily Press (3.5.2)
SHEARMAN, Henry (b. Canada [?]; d. Shanghai, 1856)
1850-1856: founder, ed., and pub. North-China Herald (5.1.1)
Shearman came from Prince Edward Island to China in 1850 as an auctioneer. He was a very religious man and active in Shanghai Church life, and this served to establish him in the community and made possible the scope and reception of his newspaper. He was sympathetic to the Chinese, and his Christian and pro-missionary principles led him to support the Taiping cause, although disillusionment began in 1854.
SHORTREDE, Andrew (b. Scotland; d. Bavaria, 1858)
1845-1856: ed. and pub. China Mail (3.4.1) 1856-1858:
part-owner, A. Shortrede and Co. (3.4)
Andrew was the sixth son of Robert Short rede, sheriff-substitute of Roxburghshire. Although he was educated to follow his three brothers into the service of the East India Company, he instead became a printer and publisher. After his plans to publish for Sir Walter Scott fell through due to the failure in 1826 of Scott's publishing house, James Ballantyne and Company, Short rede went into business in Edinburgh, but without success. He may then have gone to Sydney, Australia, and directed a newspaper there. In any case he was advised to establish in Hong Kong to recoup his fortunes, and in 1845 he established the China Mail, a most professional newspaper and a financial success.
Shortrede was an active member of the Hong Kong community. A member of the Morrison Education Society, he helped start St. Andrew's School and continued to contribute and help raise funds. In 1850-1853 he was secretary of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, and a councillor in 1854. He was a life-long friend of Sir John Bowring (governor of Hong Kong, 1854-1859).
In 1850 he was involved in a libel suit brought by the officer of a wrecked ship; Short rede apologized. In 1853 he made a trip to North China for reasons of health but while there he also gathered information
for the China Mail. In May 1854 he left for Australia to recover his health, but the ship was wrecked; he was rescued and taken to Singapore. Short rede returned to Hong Kong in December 1854 and left for Edinburgh in 1856. There he wrote a number of controversial letters to the Daily
News. From 1856 to 1858 he retained an interest in the China Mail, sharing the ownership of A. Short rede and Company with Andrew Dixson, his associate from the first. He died on holiday in Bavaria.
SHUCK, Rev. J. Lewis (d. South Carolina, 1863)
1842 joint ed. (with James White) of Friend of China (3.1.1-2) 1855 (?): on staff Tung Ngai San Luk
(Tung-yai hsin-lu;
the Oriental), a bilingual newspaper in San Francisco One of the first American Baptist missionaries in China, Reverend Shuck was involved in missionary publishing ventures. He accepted White's offer to join the Friend of China as joint editor responsible for production, with the hope of using the paper as a missionary vehicle. He probably did not remain into 1843. In 1844 his wife died and he moved to Canton, then to Shanghai. The next reference to Shuck is in connection with his work on the San Francisco newspaper, but the year is not given. The paper, also known as the Oriental, began publication in 1855, probably as a weekly, with the Reverend William Speeker as editor of the English section. Shuck may have edited the Chinese section
Publication. or joined the staff later.
DA SILVA, Constancio José
1889-1898: ed. O Independente (1.9.2)
1908-1911:
ed. A Verdade (1.18)
Constancio was the son of José da Silva.
DA SILVA, José
1863-1866: ed. Ta-Ssi-Yang-Kuo (1.9.1)
1867-1880 (?): ed. O Independente (1.9.2; 4.1.4)
José da Silva has been described as the "stormy petrel" of Macao journalism. His Ta-Ssi-Yang-Kuo was reportedly pro-government, and Hong Kong sources state that in 1868 he was editing the official
150
government "Boletim." But he bitterly opposed reform of the coolie trade and upheld Francisco da Silva Magalhães against the new government under Viscount de S. Januaria. The governor's aide-de-camp assaulted him physically. At the height of the controversy he had six libel cases pending against him, and in 1874 his editorial rival, Dr. Pinto Bastos, won a controversial election as Macao Deputy to the Lisbon parliament. In 1875, however, da Silva was elected president of the Macao Municipal Council. He was appointed Portuguese consul in Shanghai in 1878, having previously qualified for the legal profession.
His connection with 0 Independente after this date is obscure, but in 1880, while the newspaper was being published in Hong Kong, he was again sued for libel.
His son Constancio José da Silva succeeded him as editor and was later editor of A Verdade (1.18).
DA SILVA, José Cesario
1896-(?): ed. A Liberdade (1.13)
DA SILVA, Luis Ayres
1909-1910: ed. Vida Nova
(1.19)
DA SILVA, Manuel José Maria Gonçalves (d. Macao, 1885)
1882-1885: ed. O Macaense (1.11.2)
DA SILVA, Miguel Aires
1869-1870: ed. O Noticiario Macaense (1.10; 4.1.3)
DA SILVA CATHERINO, Luiz
1899-1901: pub. Jornal de Macau (1.17)
DA SILVA MAGALHÃES, A.
1880-(?): ed. A Verdade (1.9.6)
DA SILVA MAGALHÃES, Francisco
1869-1870, 1872 (Jan.-Oct.): ed. 0 Oriente (1.9.3)
151
Magalhães, an army medical officer, was until 1872 medical surveyor
of coolie ships. Originally in opposition to the coolie trade, he reversed his position in 1872 and, with Dr. António Frerreira de Lacerda, the Chief Justice, bitterly attacked the new governor's attempts at reform. Magalhães was then imprisoned for insulting the governor; on release he continued his attacks and, being an army officer, rendered himself liable to exile. He was exiled in Timor for six months, his attempt
In 1874 he stood for the Lisbon to resign his commission having failed. parliament, opposed by Pinto Bastos, editor of the Gazeta de Macau e Timor (1.9.4). Magalhães was defeated in a close vote; further critical articles resulted in his suspension from medical office, his resignation from the military was finally accepted, and he left Macao for Manila in 1875.
DA SILVA E SOUZA, António José (d. Hong Kong, 1878)
(?)-1868: on staff, Japan Times
1868-1869: ed. and pub. O Echo do Povo (4.2)
1868.
António bought 0 Echo do Povo from his brother João José in January
He carelessly permitted a libel to be printed; his conviction and concurrent failure to comply with the newspaper ordinance resulted in
He wored as foreman in the closing of the newspaper in December 1869. the printing works of da Souza and Company until his death.
DA SILVA E SOUZA, João José
1850-1860 (?): foreman, China Mail (3.4.1)
1859-1868: ed. and pub. O Echo do Povo (4.2)
1874: pub. Canton Press (2.9)
João José established a printing company in 1865, having worked five years for Delfino Noronha. He lost a libel case to M. Pereira, was fined heavily, and left the Colony for a time; it was presumably this which forced the sale of his newspaper to his brother, António.
DA SILVA E, SOUZA, José Maria
1852-(?): ed. Verdade e Liberdade (1.20; 4.1.2)
DA SILVA TELLES, Antonio Gomes
1883-1889, 1890(?)-1891(?): ed. 0 Correio Macaense (1.12.2)
152
153
DA SILVA TELLES, Dr. J.C.
1838-1839: ed. O Correio Macaense (1.6)
SILVERTHORNE, James
1909-1911: prop. and ed. Chefoo Morning Post (7.32)
SINNETT, Alfred Percy (b. 1840; d. 1921?)
1866-1868: ed. Hongkong Daily Press (3.5.2)
(?): ed. Pioneer, India
Sinnett was educated at London University. He left China in July
1868 and in London wrote a series of articles for the Standard on men
and manners in Hong Kong. In India he became interested in occultism and later became president of the London Theosophical Society. A pro- fessional writer, he did not plunge into Hong Kong controversies and thus his editorial policy, especially after Murrow's, appeared most mild. He was for a time secretary of the Hong Kong Association.
Publications.
SKERTCHLY, E.F.
1899-1901: ed. Hongkong Telegraph (3.8)
SLADE, John (d. Hong Kong, 1843)
1834-1843: ed. Canton Register (2.1.2)
Slade maintained editorial independence over his newspaper despite occasional opposition from James Matheson, the proprietor. An old resident of China, Slade was associated with Magniac and Company and later with Jardine Matheson and Company. He was in Canton from 1816 to 1824,
trading and learning Chinese, and for a time he may have been in the
employ of the East India Company. He returned to London in 1824 and
again to Canton in July 1831, but was absent from China in 1832 and most
of 1833, taking over the Register on his return. Slade was competent in Chinese, the translations in the Register being mostly his during the period of his editorship. As was the case with many other Westerners of this period, however, his familiarity with the Chinese did not lead
to admiration for them, and he supported Jardine and other merchant
efforts to secure sounder trade relations with the Empire.
Publications.
SMITH
?: ed. and manager, Straits Times, Singapore
1861:
ed. Shanghae Daily Times (5.2.1)
The proprietor, W. Wynter, left Shanghai with unpaid debts and Smith was unable to continue the newspaper.
SMITH, Daniel Wares
1866-1869:
pub. and manager, Shanghai Recorder (5.3.1) 1870-1911: with the Hongkong Daily Press (3.5.2)
Smith moved to Hong Kong after selling the Recorder property at auction and joined his former Shanghai editor, A.C. Dulcken, on the staff of the Press. He was manager at least through 1889, but by 1900 he was in London and listed as the lessee--from the Murrow family. He remained thus through 1911. In 1870 during Bell's absence he was sued for a libelous article written by Dulcken against the Registrar,
C.C. Smith.
SMITH, J. Mackrill
Smith was Henry Shearman's executor and ran the North-China Herald
He established (5.1) for a month after Shearman's death. in 1856. in Canton in 1840 with Bell and Company, and then operated on his own as J.M. Smith and Company, Shanghai. Trading mostly with America, he added a partner; thus the firm became Smith, King and Company. was in China until 1870.
SNEWIN, E.A.
1901-1906 (?): ed. Hongkong Telegraph (3.8)
DE SOUZA, Francisco
1872-1874: ed. Gazeta de Macau e Timor (1.9.4)
Smith
at
The Daily Press (3.5.2) states that Pinto Bastos was editor, least until his departure in 1874 for Lisbon. However, the key policy maker was Pedro Gastão Mesnier, private secretary to the governor of
Macao.
154
155
DE SOUZA, J.J.
1909: general manager, Shanghai Free Press (5.12)
STRACHAN, Robert
1849-1860: pub. Hongkong Register (3.3.2)
Strachan was also nominally editor, but although he kept control of policy, he was mainly concerned with the business side of the
enterprise. In 1859 the paper was sold to Richard A. L. Phillips, but his extravagance forced Strachan to regain control.
For five
months in 1860 the paper, as the Chronicle, was again out of Strachan's control, and as his health was poor, he finally sold the property at the end of that same year and left the Colony in 1861. A merchant himself, Strachan ran a merchants' newspaper, although he was never able to clear the mortgage on the property with Jardine Matheson.
"Strachan" was a familiar name in the China trade. There had been a J. Strachan in the 1830's and 1840's, and A.F. Strachan, W. Strachan, and W.M. Strachan in the 1840's. There was also a "George Strachan," an architect, in Shanghai, but the specific relationships are not known. When Robert bought the Register in 1849 he was referred to as one of the oldest residents in China, He arrived on the China coast from Peru
in 1838, was one of the first to move to Hong Kong, and was first associated with W.T. Gemmell and Company. In 1848 he attempted to es- tablish himself as an agent for steamer companies.
Active in Hong Kong social life, Strachan married only in 1860. He was a Volunteer and a member of the Morrison Education Society. He was usually opposed to the policies of the government--except during the administration of Governor Sir George Bonham (1848-1854)--and was especially bitter toward Sir John Bowring (1854-1859) when the latter
awarded the Gazette contract back to the Mail.
SWARTHOUT, W.N.
1901-1904(?) :
ed. and/or prop.(?) Shanghai Times (5.11)
By trade a printer, Swarthout had been with the U.S. Army in Manila. His exact role on the newspaper is not known.
TARRANT, William (d. London, 1872)
1850-1869: ed. and pub. Friend of China (2.4; 3.1.2; 5.4.1)
According to some sources, Tarrant, with the financial assistance of friends, bought the Friend of China from Richard Oswald in June 1850. But since Oswald had left the Colony in 1847, the proprietor was pre- sumably John Carr. In 1858 Tarrant began seeking a purchaser, hoping to retire to England; he found none and in 1859 was jailed after being convicted of criminal libel. Publication of the Friend ceased in Hong Kong September 21, 1859. After a year in jail Tarrant was released and published the Friend in Canton from October 13, 1860 to December 28, 1861. He then moved to Shanghai where the newspaper published from January 1863 to 1869. From January to May 1869 the newspaper was run by C. Treasure Jones, but Tarrant was dissatisfied, regained control, and sold the property, returning to England in 1870.
and
Although Tarrant was not a Chinese scholar and spoke the language but poorly, he had many Chinese friends and informants. Throughout his editorial career he championed grievances--including his own, evidently antagonized everyone. He was not popular socially; typically, he was expelled from the reading room of the Hong Kong library once, and almost expelled a second time. He came to Hong Kong as steward of the ship "Alexander Baring," and there is just the suspicion that he was not gently bred. His brother, J. Tarrant, practiced law in Hong Kong and India and handled William's cases, but he was obviously not available in 1859. For all his sympathies with the Chinese people, Tarrant was in violent opposition to the Manchu regime and thus bitter over the events connected with the mass poisoning attempt in January 1857. Ah Lum, owner of the E-Sing Bakery, poisoned the bread--presumably on orders from the Canton Viceroy, and almost all foreign residents, in- cluding Tarrant, suffered. At the subsequent trial the accused were freed for lack of evidence. Tarrant accused the acting Colonial
Secretary W.T. Bridges of accepting bribes to defend them; he was convicted of libel and his fine of £100 was paid by popular subscription.
But Tarrant's reaction in immediately assuming bribery had a longer
and deeper history.
156
After serving as a clerk with Charles Marwick in Hong Kong, Tarrant in 1843 entered the colonial government service as an assistant to the Land Officer acting as assessor and collector; in 1844 he was appointed Clerk of the Registry of Deeds and Keeper of Leases and Records in the Surveyor General's department. In this position he accused William Caine of allowing his compradore to squeeze Chinese merchants. Caine counter- charged and Tarrant was dismissed, but was subsequently reinstated on the demand of the Secretary of State; his position had, however, been eliminated in the meantime and he was only partially compensated.
The Friend of China had in the late 1840's already begun to espouse Tarrant's cause. During the 1850's he used the paper as a vehicle for carrying on his struggle against corruption in the government, especially against Caine, W. T. Bridges, and D.W. Caldwell. In 1856 his charges found a champion in the newly arrived attorney-general, T. Chisholm Anstey, and Caldwell was investigated. Although Caldwell was found not free from censure, he was retained in his post. In 1857 a Chinese associate of Caldwell's, Ma Chow Wong, was found guilty of aiding pirates and Caldwell again was under suspicion. Allegedly, papers incriminating Caldwell were found in Ma's house, but the evidence was burned on the orders of Bridges. In the confusion which followed, Bowring seemed to lose control of the government, Anstey was dismissed, and Tarrant was finally convicted of libel against Bridges--after several attempts. trial was a criminal one in which the entire Hong Kong bar was retained against Tarrant, who was thus forced to defend himself. After six months
The
in felon's jail, where he received particularly brutal treatment, he was released on orders of the Colonial Office, but jailed again for debt to Bridges. Again a public subscription saved him, and he left for Canton.
This period is highly controversial, and although further research is required before a definitive conclusion can be reached, the weight
of evidence now heavily favors Anstey, Tarrant, and Murrow against Bridges, Caine, Caldwell, Mitchell, and the lesser officials involved.
Publications.
THIRKELL, John George
prior to 1875: Sheffield Daily Telegraph, Liverpool Daily Post 1880: temporary ed. North-China Herald (5.1.5)
1883-1890: lessee and ed. Shanghai Courier (5.7.9)
Thirkell was engaged to come out to China as a reporter for the North-China Herald and may have remained on the staff of that paper as an assistant to F.H. Balfour until 1883.
THOMSON, F.W.
1866-1868:
THORNE, John
manager,
Hankow Times (7.27)
157
1867-1869: founder and co-prop. (with Harold Twombly), Shanghai News-
Letter for California and the Atlantic States (5.7.1)
Thorne, an American, came to China as an agent for Wells, Fargo and Company, and was a general broker and merchant in Shanghai.
TILLOT, Marcel (b. Lyon 1867)
1897-1907: founder and director, L'Echo de Chine (6.7.1) 1889: ed. La Revue Philatelique
1901-1902: founder and ed. La Revue de l'Extrême Orient (weekly)
Tillot was also a legal advisor and merchant, head of the firm of Tillot and Company. He was a member of the French Municipal Council for six years, serving as its president in 1907; in 1899 he was appointed Conseiller du Commerce Extérieur de la France. Publications.
TOOTAL, John Broadhurst (b. 1819; d. 1878)
1866-1878: managing prop. Pickwoad and Company, which published
North-China Herald (5.1)
Tootal probably obtained his interest in the newspaper through
He was also concerned partnership in Nichol Latimer and Company in 1865. with the Shanghai Wharf Company, which went bankrupt in 1867.
TRENWITH, John Stephan
1880: manager, Shanghai Courier (5.7.9)
158
159
Trenwith may have been lessee and/or publisher of the Courier. had had twenty-five years of newspaper experience, including work as a compositor on the Standard and with the Times of India. of the paper was successful.
TSE Tsan Tai (Hsieh Tsan-t'ai, b. Australia,
1903:
1872)
He
VELHO, A.A. Martins
1880-(?) pub. A Verdade (1.9.6)
His management
VIRMAITRE, M.
co-founder and compradore, South China Morning Post (3.9)
A successful businessman, civic leader, and inventor, Tse Tsan Tai was founder of the Chinese Patriotic Reform Association and an adviser
to revolutionary leaders. Publications.
TSENG Laisun S. (Tseng Tzu-an 7)
1907-(?): ed. English-language section, South-China Daily Journal (5.17)
TWOMBLY, Howard
1867-1869: founder and co-prop. (with John Thorne), Shanghai News-Letter
for California and the Atlantic States (5.7.1)
An American merchant, Twombly was connected with Fogg and Company.
VASCO, João Pereira
1899: ed. O Lusitano (1.16)
VAUGHAN SMITH, Alice Mildred (b. 1861)
1889: leader writer, Japan Gazette; correspondent for North-China Mail
(5.1.5), Japan Mail
1891: ed. Japan Gazette
1893-1894: in India; correspondent for North-China Herald, Chicago Daily
hews
1894:
leader writer, North-China Herald and acting ed, during absence of Maclellan; war correspondent for Civil and Military Gazette, Lahore 1896: ed. Shanghai Times (5.11)
1897-1903: joint ed. Peking and Tientsin Times (7.2)
1903-1907: ed. Peking and Tientsin Times
Educated privately, Alice Vaughan Smith was the wife of W.H. Vaughan Smith, a printer and until 1906 manager of the Imperial Chinese Telegraph Administration. From 1898 to 1904 she was also correspondent of the London
Standard. Publications.
1873: ed. Le Courrier de Changhai (6.4.2)
WALTHER, F.
1909: ed. Tsingtauer Neueste Nachrichten (7.11)
WERNE, A.E.
1904: ed. Daily Press (5.10.3)
WHITE, James
1842: founder and ed. Friend of China (3.1.1)
White was assisted by the Reverend J.L. Shuck; neither of them stayed long with the Friend. Elected an alderman of the City of London in 1835, White came to China in 1841. He moved from Hong Kong to Shanghai
in 1844 and returned to England in 1851 after successful speculation in
silk and tea. The Member for Plymouth in 1857, he was returned to Parliament from Brighton in 1860. As an MP he was particularly interested in China questions and was an influential member of the Hong Kong Association, London.
He visited China again briefly in 1876.
WILCOX, R. Chatterton
1875-1900 (?): ed. Hongkong Daily Press (3.5.2)
1878-(?): lessee, Hongkong Daily Press
Wilcox left the Press sometime between 1889 and 1900.
WILSON, Andrew (b. India; d. England, 1881)
?: ed. Bombay Times
1857: joined staff of China Mail (3.4.1)
1858-1860: ed. China Mail
1873: ed. Times of India
Born in India of Scottish missionary parents and educated in Edinburgh and Tubingen, Wilson was sympathetic to the Chinese and supported the policies of Governor Sir John Bowring (1854-1859); he opposed the Arrow
160
161
War. These policies brought severe attacks from Murrow and Tarrant. Wilson was secretary of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. He was subsequently the London correspondent of the China Mail.
Publications.
WOOD, William W. (b. Philadelphia, 1805[?]; d. Manila)
1827-1828:
1831-1833:
founder and ed. Canton Register (2.1.1)
founder and ed. Chinese Courier and Canton Gazette (2.2) The first editor of an English-language, China-coast newspaper was an American, son of the famous actor-manager William Burke Wood (1779-1861) and his leading lady Juliana Westray. W.W. Wood came out to China, a gentleman adventurer, as a clerk with the American firm of Russell and Company. After three months as editor of the Register, his vigorous editing and anti-East India Company position forced his removal. He returned briefly to the United States, then returned to China in 1831 and founded the Chinese Courier, from which he continued his advocacy of free trade in China. His increasingly personal attacks on Keating, the editor of the Register, brought a challenge to a duel, which Wood accepted. Keating, however, left for Lin Tin. Wood then proposed to Harriet Low, niece of W.H. Low, a prominent American merchant in Macao. Her uncle refused his permission for the marraige to a "penni- less adventurer" and Wood left for the Philippines in October 1833. His newspaper closed. After spending several years managing a coffee and
sugar plantation in Jala Jala, he rejoined Russell, Sturgis, and Company
in Manila.
W.C. Hunter wrote of him: "He abounded in wit, was well read, and of no fixed purpose." Hunter is incorrect in supposing his father to have been a tragedian, however. W.B. Wood's acting forte was genteel
comedy.
A manuscript ascribed to W.W. Wood survives in the Houghton Library of Harvard University. Publications.
WRIGHT, T.
1904-1907: ed. Hongkong Daily Press (3.5.2)
Wright had had previous newspaper experience on the North-China Herald (5.1.5) and in Japan.
WYNTER, W.
1861: founder, Shanghae Daily Times
Before the year was out Wynter absconded with the subscriptions, leaving his debts unpaid. He was the merchant proprietor of W. Wynter
and Company.
XAVIER, L.M.
1902-1907: ed. O Porvir (4.1.5)
XAVIER, Lisbello J.
1897-1907: pub. O Porvir (4.1.5)
162
163
V
EXTANT COPIES OF CHINA-COAST NEWSPAPERS
Given the variety and dispersion of China-coast newspapers, one major problem is simply to find them.* This is a long-range task and one
in which absolute accuracy appears impossible. The list of extant copies
which follows was compiled from card catalogues, searches by the authors
or contributors, and correspondence. This co-operation has yielded a list
considerably more complete than would otherwise have been possible. At the
same time, however, the diversity of methods of search and notation is hardly
a guarantee of uniformity either of the degree of thoroughness or of the
form in which the information was furnished to the editor. Readers are
advised to consult with the particular library before passing final judg-
ment on a collection.
The newspapers in the following list are arranged in the same order as in Section III. Holdings of any particular newspaper are arranged alphabetically by library, within groups as follows: (a) libraries with
the largest runs; (b) libraries holding issues not found in (a); (c) libraries
holding only duplicates of (a).
Holdings by a particular library are stated in as abbrevoated a form as possible. The form is based on the generally accepted periodical system, with, for example, 1.1:1-5 standing for volume 1. number 1: pages 1 through
5 inclusive.
Runs of newspapers are expressed thus: 1.1-5.4; w 3.2; w 4.4, 5,
7-9--that is, volume 1. number 1 to volume 5. number 4 inclusive; but
excluding (wanting) volume 3. number 2; wanting volume 4. numbers 4 and
5 and 7 through 9 inclusive.
Dates, where available, have been added in the following manner:
1.4-1.6 (1-15 Feb 1890). In cases where volume and issue numbers were not
available or not reported, we have substituted dates for volumes and/or
*The University of Kansas is sponsoring a project designed to insure the
availability on microfilm of China-coast newspapers, 1822-1941.
issues but continue to follow the standard system. Thus, 1.2 Jan 1892-3.5
Jan 1894; 1895; 1899 w 1899.5 Mar would stand for volume 1. issue of January 2, 1892, to volume 3. issue of January 5, 1894; all of the issues for 1895; all
A combination of dates and
of the issues for 1899 except that of March 5. issues may be used where necessary.
List of Libraries and Their Abbreviations
Britain and Northern Ireland (B)
B.BIU
B.C
B.L
B. LMS
B. LOS
B.0
B.OA
France (F)
F.BN
F. LOV
Germany (G)
Queens University, Belfast
Cambridge University
British Museum
London Missionary Society
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Bodleian
St. Antony's College, Oxford
La Bibliothèque Nationale
L'École des Langues Orientales Vivantes, Paris
Bibliothek des Instituts für Auslandsbeziehungen, Stuttgart
Bavarian State Library, Munich
G.BIA
G.BSL
G.DB
Deutsche Bucherei, Leipzig
G.DS
Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin
G.DZ
Deutsches Zentralarchiv, Potsdam
G.F
G.H
G.UB
G.UH
G.WD
Hong Kong (HK)
HK.SC
HK.U
Stadt-und Universitätsbibliothek, Frankfurt am Main
Seminar für Sprache und Kultur Chinas, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
Universitäts Bibliothek, Marburg/Lahn
Universitätsbibliothek der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin
West-deutsche Bibliothek, Marburg/Lahn
Hong Kong Supreme Court
Hong Kong University
164
Japan (J)
1.
MACAO:
PORTUGUESE
J.KU
Kyōtō Daigaku
(Kyoto University)
J.ND
Kokkai (National Diet)
1.1
J.TB
Tōyō Bunko
(Toyo Library)
A Abelha da China, 1822-1823
P.BN
1-67 (12 Sep 1822-27 Dec 1823)
J.TO
Tōkyō Daigaku, Tōyō Bunka Kenkyujo ★★★★IŁA ÈPH
P.SG
43-55, 64 (10 Jul-4 Oct, 6 Dec 1823)
(Tokyo University, Institute for Oriental Culture)
Portugal (P)
1.2
Gazeta de Macau, 1824-1826
P.BN
P.BN 1 Jan 1825 30 Dec 1826; w 6 May 1826
P.MP
1.4.1
Macaista Imparcial, 1836-1837
165
Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa
Macao Public
P.SG
Sociedade de Geografia, Lisbon
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
1.4.2
USSR.L
Gosudarstvennaia ordena Lenina Biblioteka SSSR imeni V.I. Lenina (Lenin State Library, Moscow)
P.BN 1-105 (9 Jun 1836-12 Jun 1837); w 3, 5, 7, 9-10, 14-17
Macaista Imparcial e Registe Mercantil, 1837-1838
P.BN 106-158 (5 Jul 1837-4 Jul 1838); w 112
United States (US)
1.4.4
A Aurora Macaense, 1843-1844
US.CLU
US.CSt
University of California, Los Angeles
P.BN 1-56 (14 Jan 1843-3 Feb 1844); w 41 (21 Oct 1843)
US.CStH
Stanford University
Hoover Library, Stanford
US.CU
University of California, Berkeley
US.DLC
Library of Congress
US.EI
1.5.2
Gazeta de Macau, 1839 (Jan-Aug)
P.BN 1-32 (17 Jan-29 Aug 1839)
1.5.3
O Portuguêz na China, 1839-1843(?)
Essex Institute, Salem, Massachusetts
US.H
Harvard University
US.H (NEDL)
Harvard--New England Deposit Library
1.5.4
US.ICN
Newberry, Chicago
US.ICU
University of Chicago
US.KU
University of Kansas
1.5.5
US.MILC
Midwest Inter-Library Center
P.BN
2.1-4.35 (3 Sep 1840-4 May 1843); w 4.12 (17 Nov 1842)
O Procurador dos Macaistas, 1844-1845
P.BN 1.1-2.29 (6 Mar 1844-22 Sep 1845)
O Solitário na China, 1845
P.BN
1.1-1.12 (29 Sep-18 Dec 1845)
US.MiU
University of Michigan
US.NIC
1.6
Cornell University, Wason Oriental Collection
US.NN
New York Public
US.NYM
New York Missionary
US.Y
Yale University
1.9.1
P.BN
O Correio Macaense, 1838-1839
P.MP
Ta-Ssi-Yang-Kuo, 1863-1866
P.SG
1.1-3.13 (8 Oct 1863-28 Dec 1865), and 5 Apr 1866; w 1.11, 12, 20-23, 26-29 (17, 24 Dec 1863, 18 Feb-10 Mar, 31 Mar-21 Apr 1864)
1863.2, 6, 8-13; 1864.14-52 (7 Jan-29 Sep); 1864 (ii).1-13 (6 Oct-29 Dec); 1865 (ii).14-27, 31-33, 37-39, 41; 1865(iii).4, 5, 7-9


||
166
1.9.2
O Independente, 1867-1869, 1873-1880, 1882-1898 P.BN
1.11.4
17.3 (26 Sep 1867); 1.2 (29 May 1873); 5.168, 177 (25 Dec 1882, 21 Feb 1883); 7.277, 291 (22 Jan, 30 Apr 1885); (iii) 11.1 (17 Jan 1889); (iv) 17.8 (31 Oct 1897); also 18 Apr 1886
P.MP
(long runs)
1.12.1
P.SG
27-78 (7 May 1874-29 Apr 1875); w 46,47 (17, 24 Sep 1874)
O Echo Macaense, 1893-1899
P.BN 1.1, 13 (18 Jul, 10 Oct 1893); 5.95, 97 (8, 22 May 1898)
P.MP
(almost complete)
O Correio de Macau, 1882-1883
P.BN 1.13, 19, 20 (7 Jan, 18, 26 Feb 1883)
P.MP
1.9.3
O Oriente, 1869-1870, 1872
P.BN
1-37 (18 Jan-14 Oct 1872)

晚清西文報紙導要 — Page 4

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