coolie-ships-of-the-chinese-diaspora1846-1874 — Page 12

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70
Rutherford Alcock (1809-1897) served as British Consul in Foochow, Shanghai, Canton. He was the Consul-General in Tokyo and headed the British legation in Peking between 1865 and 1869.
71 See BPP 1860 (2714), p. 1.
72
Ibid.
73 William S. Frederick Mayers (1831-1878) was a British student interpreter recruited to serve in China. He was appointed an interpreter to the Allied Comission in Canton until it ceased operations. He then stayed on in Canton as interpreter to the British Consulate there.
74
Even neighbouring villages had different dialects. This is one of the reasons why so many crimps had to be employed to canvas relatively small areas. 75 Inglis first entered Hong Kong Government service on 15 March 1844 as a police clerk. Caught in the fever of the California gold rush, Inglis tendered his resignation in May 1849, but returned to Hong Kong and rejoined government service on 4 May 1857 as Clerk and Interpreter to the Marine Magistrate. He became Acting Harbour Master on 30 April 1858 and assumed the position permanently on 25 August when the previous Harbour Master Watkins resigned on medical advice that the climate was unsuitable. In May 1859, Inglis was granted 12 months leave following a diagnosis of Bright's disease of the kidney, a fatal illness.
76
77
Sir Cecil Clementi, The Chinese in British Guiana, op. cit., p. 43.
John Gardiner Austin (1812-1900) was born at Lowlands Plantation in Demerara in 1812. He was sent to school in England, before returning to manage the family estates. He married and raised a family in Georgetown but then determined to settle in England. With the sugar slump of 1844, the Austins returned to Demerara, and John Gardiner had to seek Government employment, first as Stipendiary Magistrate, then Assistant Government Secretary. He became Immigration Agent in 1853.
440
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora 441
78 See Austin to Merivale, 8 September 1858. ('Requests a passage at the Government rate.' CO 129/072, pp. 46-47.)
79
BPP 1860 (714), p. 19.
80 More specifically the Superintendent of Customs (Hoppo) of the Imperial Maritime Service. A copy of the "Emigration Regulations made by the Governor General of the Liang Kuang Provinces in November 1861" is available in Sir Cecil Clementi, The Chinese in British Guiana, Guyana: Caribbean Press (reprint of the 1915 edition for the Guyana classics Library), 2010, pp. 269-273.
81
The website http://www.touscreoles.fr/2009/07/28/1-immigration-chinoise-en- martinique-ou-ceux-qu-on-appelle-chin/ claims that three ships transported in total 987 Chinese labourers to Martinique.
82 Jean-Luc Cardin. L'immigration chinoise a la Martinique. [Paris:] Editions l'Harmattan, 1991.
83 Chicago Press and Tribune, 22 October 1859.
84
See FO 228-286, p. 77.
85 Rev. William Lobschied (1822-1893) was sent to China in 1848 by the Rhenish Missionary Society. Under the guidance of Karl Gutzlaff another missionary now in Government service, he quickly learned the Chinese language, and travelled about Kwangtung Province. After a short return to his homeland, he returned to Hong Kong in 1853. His active involvement in education there earned him a position as Inspector of Chinese Schools with the Hong Kong Government from 1855 to 1859, during which time he joined Gutzlaff in the establishment of the Chinese Evangelization Society.
86
See Extract of Letters from J.G. Austin (Hong Kong) to Mr Walcott (Trinidad) dated 13 December 1861, CO 318/236/559-560, as quoted by Helen and Philip Atteck, Stress of Weather, 2000, p. 70.
87 Jardine Matheson Archive JM 7/15 6986, as quoted by Helen and Philip Atteck, Stress of Weather, 2000,
p. 71.
88 See Extract of Letters from J.G Austin (Hong Kong) to Rev. Mr Lobscheid (Hong Kong) 19 December 1861. CO 318/236/560a-561, as quoted by Helen and Philip Atteck, Stress of Weather, 2000, p. 70.
89 Sir Cecil Clementi, The Chinese in British Guyana, op. cit.,
90
p. 95.
The full text of the Kung Convention is transcribed in Walton Look Lai, The Chinese in the West Indies 1806-1995, 1998, p. 194.
91
Captain Henry George Thomsett (1825-1892) was the Master Commanding of the station ship HMS Princess Charlotte and was appointed temporary Harbour Master in 1861, and made the permanent officer in April 1864. Permanent he was, as he occupied the position until the end of 1873 when he retired to join the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, and being appointed to the Legislative Council in 1884.
92 In The Chinese in the West Indies 1806-1995, 1998, Walton Look Lai lists 286 as having landed, including 120 women and 17 children. Ankum-Houwink agrees with him that 485 had embarked, but differs in claiming 197 (rather than 199) had died. Ankum-Houwink's calculation of the voyage time of 115 days does not match the departure date recorded by the Harbour Master in Hong Kong, nor the arrival date as stated by Walton Look Lai.
93
The Daily Press, 6 November 1867.
94
See The Daily Press, 30 November 1868.
95
96
Sir Cecil Clementi, The Chinese in British Guiana, op. cit., p. 79.
T. Thornton Warner, Report on Chinese Emigration, Calcutta: printed at the "Englishman" Press, 1868. Enclosure in 'Emigration Abuses at Hong Kong', Despatch from Emigration Board to Sir F. Rogers, Under-secretary of State for the Colonies, dated 19 September 1868. (CO129/134, pp. 684-719, pp. 695ff., HKU Microform 2507143.) Many thanks to the University of Hong Kong Library for providing advice during the editing process.
97
98
30th General Report of the Emigration Commissioners, p. 31.
Walton Look Lai shows that in 1884 the Diamond/Prince Alexander (sic for 'Prinz Alexander") loaded at Macao and Hong Kong for Jamaica. (Table 1: 'List of vessels travelling to the British, French and Dutch West Indies from China between 1853 and 1884', The Chinese in the West Indies 1806-1995, 1998, p. 278.) However, the Hong Kong Harbour Master's Returns for the period do not include the Diamond. There were no reports of any ship named Diamond in Chinese waters in that time, and no news of any ships being dismasted. It would also be unlikely that emigrants would be leaving from Macao at that time rather than from Hong Kong.
99
Watt Stewart, Chinese Bondage in Peru, 1951, p. 23.
The Californian Daily Alta, 12 December 1859 and 25 December 1859.
100
See O Boletim, 12 February 1859.
101
102
See Appendix II.
103
See Appendix II.
104 See Appendix II.
105
See Appendix II.
106
See Appendix II.
107
The Hong Kong Register, 24 October 1860.
108
"The cabin" on a sailing ship usually referred to the accommodation at the after end of the upper deck. It housed the Captain who had his own cabin at the stern, usually lavishly furnished. On smaller ships the officers shared a cabin on one side, and passengers usually in one or two (not many) on the other side around a central area where the passengers ate and could relax.
109
West Coast Times, 4 July 1866.
110
'The Japan Times' Overland Mail, 5 September 1868.
111 See Pacific Commercial Advertiser, 10 September 1869.
112
113
The Polynesian, 12 October 1861.
In 1865 the British Government objected to Juan Pastor Sevilla being nominated as Peruvian Consul-General in Hong Kong. See, 'Unfitness of Don Juan Pastor Sevilla ...', 18 November 1865. (CO 129/107 pp. 337-341.)
114
BPP 1871 (C403), p. 2.
115
BPP 1871 (C403), p. 7.
116
HR Exec. Doc. 16, 37th Congress 2nd Session.
117
118
No first name for this gentleman has been found.
Consuelo Naranjo Orovio and Imilcy Balboa Navarro. 'Colonos asi�ticos para una econom�a en expansi�n, Cuba: 1847-1880.' [ Asian Labourers for an Expanding Economy: Cuba 1847-1880.'] In Revista Mexicana del Caribe, No. 8 (1999), pp. 32-65, p. 58.
119
London and China Telegraph, 27 July 1869.
442
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
443
120
Jos� Luis Luz�n, 'El Mar en el tr�fico Chinero. Naufragios y amotinamientos,' In Conquista y Resistencia en la Historia de America, edited by Pilar Grac�a Jord�n (Spain: Universitat Barcelona), 1992, pp. 247-272.
121
China Mail, 7 January 1868.
122 Mary Turner, 'Chinese Contract Labour in Cuba, 1847-1874,' Caribbean Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (July 1974), pp. 66-81, p. 75.
123 British consuls in China no longer reported to Hong Kong, but to the British representative in Beijing.
124
My understanding is that it was local (Chinese) brokers who did this work. These brokers would have an "understanding" with the foreign Emigration Agents, whereby they would send out their crimps on an order from the foreigner. The brokers took the gamble on whether to recruit, regardless of orders or wait for an order. If a broker waited too long to fulfil an order he could find that other brokers had taken his place. European Emigration Agents did not have to take any risks. They had ample notice of requirements from Cuba and Peru. It was only a matter of availability of shipping for them, and then bribing the Portuguese officials to have their ships given priority.
125 Vice-consul Mayers to Sir R. Alcock, dated Canton, 1 November 1866. Enclosure No. I in Despatch No. 44. FO 881-1738.
126 Enclosure No. 4 in Despatch No. 144. FO 881-1738.
127 Don Aldus, Coolie traffic and Kidnapping. London: McCorquodale and Co., 1876, p. 41.
128 O Boletim, 23 September 1867.
129
130
No details of the circumstances for this shooting are known.
Daily Alta, 21 August 1867.
131 S.L. Tikhvinskii, (General Editor). Translated from Russian by Vic. Schneierson. Chapters from the History of Russo-Chinese relations, 17th-19th centuries. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1985, p.
266.
132
133
Mary Turner, 'Chinese Contract Labour in Cuba, 1847-1874,' p. 75.
New Batavia Handelsblad, 8 May 1872, as reprinted by the Straits Times, 23 May 1872 and Hong Kong Daily Press, 31 May 1872.
134 Graces Guide to British Industrial History, 1932. A Shipbuilding History, 1750-1932 (Alexander Stephen & Sons).' www.Gracesguide.co.uk.
135
Peter Wesley-Smith, 'Kwok A-Sing, Sir John Smale, and the Macao Coolie Trade,' in Shane Nozzal (ed). Law Lectures for Practitioners. Hong Kong Law Journal Ltd., Vol. 1993 (1993), p. 124.
136 Elizabeth Sinn, Pacific Crossing: California Gold, Chinese Migration, and the Making of Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press), 2013, p. 87. P37
Not the same as the formerly Brtish-flagged Emigrant, later Emigrante, referred to above.
138 Lucy M. Cohen, 'Immigration of Chinese from Macao to Costa Rica 1872- 1873,' Revista de Ciebcias Sociales, Vol. 119 (1), 2008, pp. 39-53, p. 41. 139 See Appendix II.
140
141
C. A. Montalto de Jesus, Historic Macao, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh, 1902,
333.
Imperial Maritime Customs Press, 1876. Reprint ed. Taipei: Ch'eng Wen Publishing, 1970.
142
The rebellion referred to was the Cuban rebellion. Many Chinese supported the rebellion and this was one factor in closing down the Chinese coolie trade to Cuba.
143 Yen Ching-Hwang, Coolies and Mandarins: China's protection of overseas Chinese during the late Ch'ing period (1851-1911). Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1985, p. 121.
144
BPP 1873 (C829), p. 1.
145
BPP 1873 (C829), p. 19.
146
BPP 1873 (C908), p. 11.
147 Yen Ching-Hwang, Coolies and Mandarins, 1985, pp. 133-4.
148
Eugenio Chang-Rodriguez, Chinese Labor Migration into Latin America in the Nineteenth Century.' Revista de Historia de America, No. 46, December 1958, p. 391.
149 BPP 1857-58 (491), p. 71. 150 BPP 1875 (C1212), p. 8.
151
My reading of it is that Portugal wanted to enter into an agreement with China over the question of emigration through the port of Macao. Purely as a gateway. Macao was a convenient scapegoat for recruitment atrocities which China took no measures to stop themselves. The focus was on Macao, not China and the Chinese authorities were quite happy with that. I think it was C.A. Montalto de Jesus who recounts that the Portuguese sent returnees back across the border to the authorities each week, only to have them sold back to the crimps for "recycling .
152
The reason why this table title refers to, "Indentured coolie shipments", whereas the tables relating to other ports simply refer to "Shipments" is because Hong Kong was the only port from which both indentured and free labour were shipped and it is important to indicate which is referred to in this table.
153
The second largest was on the Norway, with 1,038; next, the Fatchoy with 1,005, and then the Francois I with 1,000.
154 Boletin de Colonizacion Ano 1 Num 20 15 Nov 1873.
155 www.cubagenweb.org/ships/chinese.htm.
156
Peruvians seem to have frequently used the term, "colonos", even though the "colonos" were expected to leave when their term expired.
157
South China Morning Post 13 January 1904
158 Emigration Commission. Twenty-ninth general report of the Emigration Commissioners. p. 90.
159 Emigration Commission. Twenty-ninth general report of the Emigration Commissioners. p. 20.
160 Emigration Commission. Thirty-third general report of the Emigration Commissioners. Appendix 16, p. 77.
161
Emigration Commission. Twenty-ninth general report of the Emigration Commissioners, p. 22.
162 Emigration Commission. Thirty-first general report of the Emigration Commissioners, p. 10.
163
Emigration Commission. Thirty-third general report of the Emigration Commissioners. Appendix 16, p. 77.
444
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora 445
164
Emigration Commission. Thirty-second general report of the Emigration Commissioners, p. 11.
165 Emigration Commission. Thirty-third general report of the Emigration Commissioners, p. 22.
166 Walton Look Lai, The Chinese in the West Indies 1806-1995, 1998.
167 Walton Look Lai, 1998,
168
P.
283.
Some of the flags were of entities that were later absorbed into others and the number "twenty" refers to the number of present-day countries involved. For example, Oldenburg and Sardinia were later absorbed into Germany and Italy respectively and are not counted separately.
169
John McDonald, and Ralph Shlomowitz. 'Mortality on Chinese and Indian Voyages to the West Indies and South America, 1847-1874.' Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 41, No. 2 (June 1992), pp. 203-240, p. 204. These statisticians conducted a quantitative analysis on the mortality on Chinese and Indian coolie voyages.
170 Sir Cecil Clementi, The Chinese in British Guiana, op. cit., p. 128.
171 John McDonald, and Ralph Shlomowitz. 'Mortality on Chinese and Indian Voyages', Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 41, No. 2 (June 1992), pp. 203- 240, p. 219.
Reproduced, courtesy of the Penobscot Marine Museum.
172
173
China Mail, 19 April 1866.
174
175
China Mail, 19 April 1866.
China Mail, 19 April 1866.
176 China Mail, 19 April 1866.
177
China Mail, 19 April 1866.
China Mail, 19 April 1866.
178
179
China Mail, 19 April 1866.
180
China Mail, 19 April 1866.
181
China Mail, 4 September 1868.
182 Author's translation from the Portuguese version as found in, Boletim da
Provincia de Macau e Timor, 1 June 1872.
183 Source mislaid. This 1874 Regulation is a good summary of previous regulations.
184
J.B.H. Martinet, L'agriculture au P�rou, R�sum� du m�moire pr�sente au Congr�s International de l'agriculture (Paris: Au Si�ge de la Soci�t�, 1878), as quoted by Michael J. Gonzales, 'Chinese Plantation Workers and Social Conflict in Peru,' Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3 (October 1989), pp. 385-424.
A. P. Christina, 337 Abella, Francisco, Emigration Agent, 171, 275, 278, 293 Abissinian, 266
Achenbach, CaptainA.P., 152 Adamastor, 116
Admiraal Van Heemskerk, 147 Admiral, 133
Admiral Baudin, 193
Agra, 200 Agustina, 227, 311 Alavesa, 117, 342
Albert, 52, 53, 64, 322, 346 Albertine, 216
Alberto, 216
Alcantara, Captain E., 278 Alcock, Rutherford: British Consul, Canton, 174; British Minister Plenipotentiary, 263, 265 Aldama, Domingo, Cuban planter, 256
Alexander Stephen & Sons, British shipbuilders, 277
Alexandre Delphine, 162
Alexandre Lavalley, 276
Alexandre Ralli, 160
Alfonso d'Albuquerque, 258
Alianza (brig), 134
Alice Thorndike, 148
Allied Commissioners, 174, 176,
179, 190, 191, 222
Almeida, Captain F.D.P., 259 Almeida, Januario Correia de, Governor of Macao, 300, 310, 311 Alson, Macao Emigration Agent, 71 Altagracia, 167, 168, 276, 282 Amadeo, King of Spain, 273 Amalia (Italian), 229
Amalia (Peruvian), 71
Amaral, Jose do, Governor of
Macao, 225
Amazon, 56
Amboto, 276
Ambrogue, Captain, 231
America, (ship), 247, 264, 345 Amiral Trehouart, 254
Ammerland, 162
Amoy, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 51, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65, 70, 75, 79, 80, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 109, 110, 111, 113,
INDEX
114, 115, 117, 118, 120, 125, 133, 134, 146, 149, 152, 158, 162, 174, 178, 185, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209, 217, 222, 253, 255, 258, 305, 320, 321, 326, 347, 353, 355
Anais, 137 Anduizas, 276
Ango, 251
Ansuatique, Captain L., 277 Antares, 261, 298
Anthon, Henry, American Vice- Consul, Jakarta, 139, 161 Antigua, 22, 219, 257, 339
Antonia Petronella, 216 Antonia Terry, 76
Aramburn, Emigration Agent, 241 Araucoa, Captain Antonio de, 151, 179, 222, 237, 238, 244, 350 Architect, 117
Argo, 242
Arieta, Ignacio de, Cuban planter, 40 Arima, 207
Arizona, 167, 254
Armero, Nicolas Tanco, Emigration Agent, 120, 158, 170, 171, 275, 300 Arrow, 173
Arue, Captain Nissour, 221 Asia, 230, 248
Astorquia, Captain Antonio, 230, 281, 282, 345, 350
Aubril, Captain Auguste, 163 Aucan, Captain Alexandre, 280 Augustin, Cuban importer, 254 Aurora, 243, 249
Austin, J Gardiner:Colonial Secretary, 217; Emigration Agent, 187, 188, 189, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 217, 224; Government Secretary, British Guiana, 82 Australia, 69, 95, 124 Avon, 257, 270, 271
Ayala, Lopez de, Spanish Minister
of the Colonies, 273
B
Baak, Emigration Agent, 214 Bacalan, 228
Backhouse, George, British Commissary Judge Cuba, 115 Backhouse: John: British Acting Consul, Amoy: 91, 93, 114, 115
446
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
447
Bailey, D.H., American Consul,
Hong Kong, 288
Bakker, Captain, 123
Bald Eagle, 75
Balligui, Captain M., 276 Banca, 136
Bangkok, 255, 266
Barkly, Henry: Governor of British Guiana, 79, 80, 82, 95, 101; Governor of Jamaica, 106, 107 Barone Kellner, 157 Basseterre, Captain J. Luis, 227 Bate, Captain, 219
Baud, Dutch merchant, 280 Bauran, Emigration Agent, 161 Bazin & L�on Gay, French shipowners, 153, 160 Beatrice, 68
Beazley, Captain Thomas, 60, 61, 62
Beckwith, Captain N.W., 269 Bell, Captain John, 158
Bella Gallega, 117, 256
Bella Vascongada, 106, 116 Bellona, 133
Benavides, Captain E., 117 Bengale, 167
Bengali, 282
Bernice, 284
Berry, Captain J.C., 178
Bianchi y Profumo, Peruvian importer, 242
Bidau, R., Emigration Agent, 180,
181, 195
Bilbaina, 168, 170, 261
Bilton, Captain George, 96
Blair, Dr Daniel, British Guiana, 88
Blanchard, American Vice Consul, Canton, 180
Blanche, Captain Charles la, 259 Blenheim, 110
Bluck, Captain, 180
Bogue, Adam, Australian merchant,
41
Bois-Agett, Richard di, Chief Mate,
92
Boju, Captain E., 267, 274
Boletin de Colonizacion, 110, 120, 152
Bollo, Captain A., 247
Bollo, Captain Joao B., 229, 241, 352
Bonham, Sir George, Governor of Hong Kong, 41, 42, 79, 80 Borainca, Captain Domingos, 164 Borel, Foochow Sub-Agent, 152 Borneo, Dutch warship, 268 Botelho, Captain F., 240 Bowen y Yngram, Emigration Agents, 269
Bowring, John: Acting Superintendent of Trade, 83, 85, 91, 93, 101, 102; British Consul, Canton, 56, 62, 73, 74, 80, 81; Governor of Hong Kong, 89, 91, 104, 122, 126, 132, 152, 154, 173, 185, 186
Boye, L, Emigration Agent, 155, 169
Brave Lourmel, 154
Brechin Castle, 206
Bristow, Captain Frank, 40 British Sovereign, 109 Broadbent, Captain, 133 Brown, Captain T., 60
Brown, H.O., Acting Commissioner, Imperial Maritime Customs, 310 Bryson, Captain Leslie, 62 Bucton Castle, 207
Buenaventura (steamer), 277 Buis, Captain F., 125 Burrill, Charles, American merchant, 254
Bustamente, Antonio G., 166, 167 Butts, R.G., British Guiana merchant, 88
Byrne, D.J.L., Peruvian importer, 226
C
Cadet, 42, 43
Cailes, 278
Caillet, Captain, 37
Calderon, B., Emigration Agent, 169,260
Calderon, Captain B., 248
Caldwell, Daniel, Superintendent of Police, Hong Kong, 99, 100 Callao, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 85, 164, 170, 179, 218, 221, 222, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244,
Bollo, Captain Sebastian, 233, 241, 242
245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 251, 255,
259, 270, 271, 280, 281, 283, 284, 287, 288, 298, 299, 300, 302, 311,
312, 322, 326, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 342, 343, 344, 345, 348, 350, 351, 352
Callao (ship), 237, 249, 313, 343 Camillo Cavour, 230, 234, 249, 281, 311, 337, 345, 350, 351 Camino y Cia, 169, 191, 239 Camoes, 258, 261, 271 Campbell, Captain John, 111, 112, 113
Campbell, Cuban planter, 152, 153, 154, 254, 332
Campbell, Robert, Chief Mate, 113 Candamo, Peruvian importer, 284 Canet & Gavalena, Cuban merchants, 253
Canevaro, Peruvian importer, 169, 170, 232, 240, 243, 245 Cano, Munoz del, Spanish Consul Macao, 170, 171
Canton, 35, 38, 47, 48, 49, 52, 55, 56, 62, 65, 71, 73, 80, 83, 84, 86, 89, 97, 148, 156, 157, 163, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 204, 205, 206, 207, 217, 218, 222, 223, 224, 253, 258, 263, 271, 285, 286, 305, 308, 310, 311, 317, 323, 338, 340, 341, 349, 431
Capello, Captain Domenico, 301 Caravagno, Captain Stefano, 230, 281
Carbaga, Jose, Cuban merchants, 253
Cardona, Captain, 124
Cardonnet, Captain M., 158
Carignac, Captain J., 137
Carlowitz, Richard von, Spanish
Consul, Canton, 181
Carlton, Captain G.H., 118 Carmeline, 261 Carmen, 67
Carmencita, 166
Caro, Charles, Cuban trader, 152,
153, 156, 157, 158, 162, 163, 169, 261
Caroline, 163 Carpentaria, 117 Carrington, 258
Cass, Captain John, 57
Cass, Lewis, American Secretary of State, 253
Castaynhola, Captain J.B., 247 Castilla, Ramon, President of Peru, 74, 225
Castillo, Captain, 162 Castro, Henrique, Secretary- General, Macao, 289, 300
Castro, Ignacio F., de, Emigration Agent, 115, 119, 166, 167, 168, 169, 191, 227, 240, 254 Catalina, 60
Cataluna, 260, 275, 332, 343 Catherine Glen, 133 Cavassa, Captain D.A., 246 Cayalti, 234, 236, 249 Cecilia, 342
Cercal, Barao, Italian Consul Macao, 236, 300 Cervantes, 158
Chabert, E., Emigration Agent, 161 Chaldecott, Dr J.A, 196 Challenge, 122, 229 Challenger, 229
Chansel, Captain M., 298 Chapman, Dr Clarence, 204 Chappot, Captain E., 255 Charles Albert, 293 Charles Auguste, 217 Charles Martell, 153, 154 Chen Lanpin, Commissioner, Chinese Educational Commission, 304, 314
Chesnez, Martineau de, French Army, 174
Childs, Dr A.P., 141, 142
Chile, 71
Chili, 53, 62
China, 275
Chinchas, 50, 57, 60, 62, 72, 73, 74,
335
Chinese Law, 49, 72, 77, 221, 225,
226, 238, 333
Claire, 240, 342
Clara, 219
Clarence, 341
Clarendon, 96
Clarendon, Earl of, British Foreign Minister, 73, 74, 131, 132, 248, 249 Cleopatra, 158
Cleverly, British Consular Agent, Macao, 142, 143
Closmadeau, Captain H., 153; Emigration Agent, 154, 155, 169 Clothilde (barque), 242
448
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
Cassiterides, 70
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
449
Codina, John C., Peruvian shipowner, 234, 235
Coeur de Lion, 123 Colombia, 311
Colome, Juan A., Cuban planter, 124, 151
Colonial Land and Emigration Commission, 34, 82, 102, 132, 355 Colonizadora, Cuban consortium, 151, 166, 256 Columbia, 310 Columbus, 114
Compania Maritima del Peru, 255, 289, 336
Compania Maritima del Peru 1, 244
Compania Maritima del Peru 2,
230, 244, 245, 255
Competitor, 159
Compodonico, Captain Felipe, 238
Comstock, Samuel W., 105
Comus, HMS, 76
Concepcion, 119, 275
Concha, Jose, Capitan-General, Cuba, 151
Condray, Captain L. de, 266
Conil, Captain, 153
Connolly, John, Amoy merchant, 92
Conroy, Thomas, Peruvian
shipowner, 238
Cooper, Captain, 258
Cora, 71, 133
Corich, Captain J.M., 157
Cornabe, William, Amoy merchant, 90, 92, 93
Coromandel, 60 Corona, 218
Corsair (brig), 56
Cortina, Captain, 151
Corvo, Joao de, 316 Cote d'Or, 163
Cotte, Captain P., 254
Courbe, Captain L., 262
Crawford, Captain, 123 Crawford, Jos T: British Commissary Judge Cuba, 165; British Consul-General, Havana, 132, 153
Crawfurd, John, British Consultant, 34, 35, 36, 83
Cruikshank, Captain D., 158 Cuba, 20, 21, 22, 39, 89, 109, 110, 115, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 138,
144, 148, 149, 150, 151, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 174,
178, 190, 191, 193, 217, 218, 224, 228, 253, 254, 256, 257, 262, 263, 265, 266, 270, 271, 273, 275, 276, 278, 280, 300, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 311, 314, 320, 321, 324, 326, 328, 330, 331, 332, 333, 340, 342, 351, 352, 374
Cumsingmoon, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 64, 68, 71, 83, 134, 322, 326, 347, 348 Cunha, A.F. da, Port Captain, Macao, 221
Curtis, Thomas, American shipowner, 65, 67, 237
Cutler, Captain A.S, 219 Cyclone, 270
�
d'Abouville, M., 173
d'Assas, French warship, 280
Dabry, M., French Consul, Canton,
285
Daguerre, 154
Dalmatia, 70
Dartmouth, 219
David, Captain A., 154
David, Captain G., 162
Davis, Sir John, Governor of Hong Kong, 40
de Haai, Dutch warship, 123 de Surinaamsche Immigratie- Maatschappij, 211, 215 Dea del Mare, 229, 231 Delfshaven, 75
Dent & Co., Hong Kong, 80
Diago, Pedro, Cuban planter, 40 Diana, 159
Diario de la Marina, 110, 162
Dias, Captain E., 335 Dick, Captain David, 200 Dobaran, Captain M., 118 Doggersbank, 152
Dolores Ugarte, 230, 236, 249, 262, 287, 288, 289, 342
Dom Pedro II, 245
Don Fernando, 258 Don Jose, 228
Don Juan, 289, 290, 296 Don Julian, 151, 167
Donna Maria de Gloria, 257, 261 Donna Maria Pia, 240, 241, 251, 256, 344, 351
Doty, Rev. Elihu, 89, 119
Drain, F.D, Cuban importer, 269
Drake y Cia, Cuban importer, 158
450
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
Dream, 154
Duble, Captain Francisco, 76 Dubois, Captain F., 157, 351 Ducit, Captain, 256
Duck, James A., British shipowner,
271
Dudbrook, 208
Duke of Argyll, 40
Duke of Portland, 129
Duke of Roxburgh, 43
Dunlop, Graham, British Consul, Havana, 293
Dupierris, Marcial, Cuban planter, 151, 254
Durand, Emigration Agent, 59
E
Earl of Eglinton, 134
Earl of Windsor, 200, 201 Eastfield, 216
Echevarria, Captain Juan B., 222, 227, 277
Eckert, Captain R, 219 Edwin Fox, 121, 146
Ehlers, Paul & Co., Hong Kong merchants, 293, 295, 296 Elder, Captain James, 99 Elias, Domingo, Peruvian planter, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 59, 60, 61, 64, 68, 72, 73, 242, 335
Elias, Jesus, son of Domingo, 51, 53 Elias, John, son of Domingo, 53 Eliza, 60, 69, 240
Eliza Morrison, 60
Elizabeth Jane, 42
Ellen Oliver, 145
Elliot, Charles, Governor of
Trinidad, 184
Elmslie, Adam W., British Consul Canton, 83
Elorrieta, Captain Pio de, 312
Elvina Dovale, 338
Ely, Dr Edward, 94, 95,155
Emigrant (barque), 92 Emigrant (ship), 98
Emigrante (753 tons) 116, 167, 254 Emigrante (962 tons), 298, 311 Emile Pereire, 154
Emma, 43
Emmanuel, 266
Empresa, 51, 222, 240
Encarnacion, 168, 231, 254, 345
Epsom, 103
Ernani, 71
Escajadillo, Captain V., 260
Espantoso, A., Emigration Agent,
284
Esperance, 267, 274
Espinasse, Captain, 41
Etoile, 152
Eugene et Adele, 267 Eva, 245
Evans, Captain E., 261 Evans, Captain H., 208
Everett, Edward, American
Secretary of State, 97
F
Falcon, 270
Falconer, Jamaican doctor, 107
Fanny Fern, 258
Fanny Kirchner, 180
Fatchoy, 278, 293, 294, 295, 296, 346
Felix, 125
Ferdinand Brumm, 215
Fernandes, B.S., Peruvian Charge d'Affairs, 289
Fernandez, 137, 160
Ferran, Antonio, Emigration Agent, 124, 125, 129, 134, 138, 145, 146, 147, 149, 151, 169, 190, 254 Ferras, Captain J., 160 Figari and sons, 337
Fishbourne, Commander, RN, 91 Flavin, Captain, 75
Flora Temple, 140
Flore, 164, 228
Florence Nightingale, 221
Florencia, 247, 312
Florida, 117
Flotard, Carlo, Emigration Agents,
152
Flying Childers, 139
Forest Eagle, 154
Formose, 161
Forth, Frederick, Hong Kong Acting
Colonial Secretary, 186
Fourrau, Captain de, 239
Francis A. Palmer, 271
Francis P Sage, 148 Francisco, 71
Francisco Calderon, 311, 312 Francois 1, 153, 154, 168, 169
Franklyn, Captain, 65
Fray Bentos, 247, 311
Frederic, 279, 280, 284, 325, 348 Frederick Wilhelm, 49
Freeman, Alfred, American Acting Consul Shanghai, 118
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora 451
French Maritime Agency, 156, 163, 191
French, Acting Captain, Waverly,
52, 65, 66, 67
Freya, 146
Fulle, Captain Angelo, 244
Fulton, 194
G
Galdiz y Nenninger, Cuban importers, 162
Galdiz, Captain J. de, 162 Galilee, 194
Galileo, 230, 245
Gallet, Captain C., 261
Gandia, Captain, 231 Ganges, 206, 341
Garay, Captain D. Cecilio, 288 Garcia y Garcia, Captain Guillermo, 312
Garcia y Garcia, Captain Manuel A.,
Peruvian Special Envoy, 313 Garcia y Garcia, Captain Narciciso, 243
Garcia, Filomena M. de, Portuguese shipowner, 258
Garcia, Joao, Emigration Agent, 167 Garcia, Virana, Emigration Agent, 167, 254
Gardoqui, Captain J.A., 167
Garibaldi, Guiseppe, Italian patriot, 48
Gastel, Malavois, & Assier, French merchants, 193
Gaulois, 157
Gazelle (brig), 43
Gazelle (ship), 71
General Prim, 226, 227
General Wyndham, 186, 187
Genghis Khan, 206
Gerard, Thomas, Emigration Agent, 185
Gertrude, 111, 194
Geycour, Captain, 76
Giacomo, Captain Ansaido, 229
Giraud, Captain J., 267
Gironde French warship, 141 Giscours, 147
Glendarroch, 277
Glenlee, 271
Glensannox, 277, 310
Glentanner, 89
Golden Eagle, 117
Golden Horn, 212
452
Gon Netscher, Adriian van der,
British Guiana merchant, 88 Gonzales, Captain B., 48 Gorman, Captain, 67, 335 Goss, Captain Fred A., 239
Governor Morton, 148, 178
Grace Brothers, American steamship company, 315
Granville, Earl, British Foreign Secretary, 293
Gravina, 162
Grey, Earl, British Colonial
Secretary, 79, 82, 106, 107, 184
Greyhound, 144 Grimaneza, 68, 69 Guadaloupe, 194, 328
Guadaloupe (ship), 166, 167, 168, 254
Guardia, Tomas, President of Costa Rica, 300
Guillon, Emigration Agent, 59 Guiraud, Captain A., 267
Gulnare, 121
Guiseppe Rocca, 221
Guterres, Captain, 116
Gwynne, Dr Thomas, 146
H
Haas, Captain, 71
Hacendados, Cuban importer, 275, 276, 278, 302
Haldane, Captain Augustus M., 283 Hale, Frederick, British Vice Consul, Foochow, 147, 152 Hamen, Captain, 242 Hamilton, Captain James A., 235
Hamilton-Gordon, Governor of
Trinidad, 217 Hankow, 283
Harland, Captain, 60
Harris, Governor of Trinidad, 95, 96 Harry Brigham, 243
Hartwell, Hawaiian Judge, 301 Harvey, Frederick, Secretary to Superintendency of Trade, 91 Hasselhoff, Captain, 116
Havana, 40, 79, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137,
139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146,
147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154,
155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162,
163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170,
171, 178, 180, 231, 232, 241, 243,
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
246, 247, 249, 254, 255, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 276, 278, 279, 282, 293, 295, 302, 305, 306, 311, 312, 326, 329, 330, 332, 337, 342, 343, 344, 345, 348, 350, 351, 429
Heaton, G.H, Hong Kong Surveyor,
Hubbe, Otto, Costa Rican Agent, 300, 301
Huber, Commissioner of Customs, Tientsin, 304
Hubertson, Captain George F., 56 Hughes, Captain R., 197 Hunter, Captain, 70 Hurst, Captain John, 94
Hussey, Captain Samuel B., 75, 161 Hyde, Hodge & Co., British shipowners, 82, 88, 89
186
Helguero, Hong Kong merchant,
239
Henley, Captain, 221
I
Henri IV, 230 Henrietta Maria, 123 Henry Miller, 120 Henry, Captain John, 203 Hermes HMS, 91 Herrera, Captain R., 299 Heu, Captain Achilles, 293 Heyden, Captain F. van der, 277 Heymans, Captain, 136 Hill, Captain George, 243 Holloway Colonel, British Army, 174
Holmes, Coolie Master, 148 Holmes,, Captain E.W., 222 Homachea, Captain D. de, 276 Hong Kong, 16, 40, 41, 42, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 70, 73, 75, 76, 79, 80, 82, 83, 86, 89, 92, 96, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 114, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 138, 145, 146, 148, 152, 154, 160, 163,
168, 170, 173, 178, 180, 182, 186,
188, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 204, 206, 207, 208, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218,
219, 230, 231, 232, 239, 240, 244,
245, 246, 248, 249, 258, 259, 260, 261, 269, 270, 271, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 292, 293, 296, 300, 301, 302, 309, 310, 312, 316, 317, 318, 324, 328, 337, 338, 340, 347, 348 Hong Kong (opium ship), 185 Hong Kong (ship), 345, 351 Honolulu, 56, 57, 58, 62, 216, 221, 230, 236, 238, 242, 244, 246, 251,
288, 301, 335
Hope, 121
Horta, Joao do, Governor of Macao, 271
Hound, 116
Ibanez, Francisco, Cuban importer,
275, 277, 278, 293
Inchiman, 114 Independence, 148, 258 Independencia, 313 Indiaman, 72, 75 Indien, 194
Ingersoll, Captain Thos R., 148 Inglis, Andrew L., Emigration Officer, 186
Ingram, Captain, 215 Iron Duke HMS, 299 Isabel, 312
Isabel Quintana, 61, 62
Italia, 170, 261, 274
J
J Wakefield, 148
J. Prats y Cia, Cuban importer, 278 Jackson, Captain John J., 138, 139 Jackson, Robert, Emigration Agent, 46, 89, 92
Jacques Sevrin, 293, 346 JAU, 261, 332 JCU, 72
Jeddo, 209, 347
Jefferson, Captain E.M., 76 Jenkins, Captain RN, 76 Jerningham, Wm Stafford, British Charge d'Affairs, Lima, 248 Jewett, James C., American merchant, 254 Johanna, 248 John Bright, 278 John Calvin, 127
Johnson, Captain Charles R., 140 Johnstone, Dr John M., 95
Jong, Captain W.P. de, 274 Jonquer, Captain W.J., 228 Jordan, Captain, 258
Jorge, Jose Vicente, Emigration Agent, 48, 115
Josefita y Almira, 266, 267
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
453
I
Joseph et Claire, 37, 38
Jourdain, 251
Juan, 278, 279, 289
Juanpore, 283
Jui-lin, Governor-General of
Kwangtung and Kwangsi, 308, 310, 311
Julia G. Tyler, 258
Julian de Unzueta, 146
Juliao, 228
K
Kate Hooper, 137
Keate, Robert W., Governor of Trinidad, 203
Keene, Captain James, 143 Kellogg, Dr E.W., 314
Kennedy, Arthur, Governor of Hong Kong, 309
Kepler, 116
Kimberley, Earl, Colonial Secretary, 309
Kirsopp, Captain, 43
Kitty Simpson, 145, 148, 159, 181
Koens, Captain N., 151
Kwok A Sing, mutineer, 285
L
l'Avenir, 38
l'Olivier, 280, 284
La Alianza y Cia, Cuban importers, 169, 260, 261, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 274, 275, 276, 278 LaBelle, Captain, 194
Labouchere, Henry, British Colonial Secretary, 122, 126, 132, 154, 184
Lady Amherst, 113
Lady Elma Bruce, 205
Lady Flora Hastings, 98
Lady Montague, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 322, 354
LaFontaine, Captain, 164, 228 Lambayeque, 47
Lamsa, 67
Landa, Captain N., 167
Captain, 230, 281, 345
Landabaso, Francisco de
Emigration Agent, 170
Landstein, William R., Hong Kong
merchant, 269
Lang, Dr, 209
Laou, 175, 179, 182, 189
Larco, N., American ship broker, 243
Lavagna, Captain, 221
Lavalley, Alexandre, French
Engineer, 276
Lavarello, Captain Luiz, 236, 237,
244
Lavignac, Captain, 157
Layton, Temple, British Consul,
Amoy, 40, 41, 42, 86, 125
Le Shaw, Captain, 51
Leal, Mendes, Portuguese Foreign Minister, 249
Lecoeur, Chief Mate, 268 Lee, Captain Richard, 266 Leonidas, 155, 156, 157 Leopold Cateaux, 167, 279 Leswick, 34
Leung Ashew, emigrant survivor, 291
Li Huang-chang, Viceroy, 313, 314
Light Brigade, 208
Light of the Age, 207
Liguria, 229, 231
Lin Hwan, broker, 90, 92
Linscott, Captain W.C., 243 Live Yankee, 147, 148
Livingston, Dr John, 99 Loa, 227, 231
Lobschied, Rev. William, 195, 199,
200, 201, 212, 213, 215, 216
Lola, 312, 342
Lombard, 332
Lombillo, Gabriel, Cuban planter, 170, 259, 260, 261, 262, 266, 332 Lomer & Co. Peru, 72, 75 London, 42
Lord Elgin, 86
Lothair, 338
Louis, 163
Louise, 67
Louisiana, 217
Lucie, 268
Luisa Canevaro, 162, 298, 312
Luisita, 258, 261
Lukey, Captain, 60, 70
Lyall, Still & Co. Hong Kong, 124,
138, 148, 178
M
M'Clelland, Captain, 86 M'Leod, Captain, 46
Macao, 38, 53, 59, 71, 72, 76, 83,
101, 115, 116, 119, 123, 127, 129, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140,
142, 143, 144, 147, 148, 149, 151,
152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158,
Larkins, Captain J. Thomas, 41 Las Casas, Captain, 53
454
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
I
159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 193, 211, 215, 217, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 293, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 326, 328, 330, 332, 333, 335, 336, 337, 338, 343, 347, 350, 352, 354, 355 Macao fort, 156
Macao (ship), 249, 255, 311, 342
MacDonnell, Richard, Governor of
Hong Kong, 212, 213, 217, 218 Mackay, Aeneas, Amoy merchant, 90, 110
Macpherson, Commissioner of Customs, Hankow, 304
Maggie Lauder, 241
Maggie Miller, 200, 262
Major, Captain Hugo B., 142 Malabar, 147 Malcolm, Captain J., 206 Malmesbury, Earl, Foreign Secretary, 83
Mandarina, 242
Manila (ship), 282 Manio, Captain J., 231 Manton, Captain Ben, 178 Manuelita, 53, 322 Maria Clotilde, 167, 227 Maria Luz, 299, 313, 333 Maria Morton, 262
Maria Natividad, 75, 221
Maria (brig), 228 Maria (ship), 276
Maria (barque), 240
Marie Laure, 229 Marie Therese, 214 Mariner, 60
Marion, 238, 240, 257 Maristoni, Captain J., 227 Marques, British Consular Agent,
Macao, 267
Marques, Captain J.V., 258
Marshall, Captain Thomas, 46
Marshall, Humphry, American Commissioner, Canton, 97 Martin L. White, 77 Martin Luther, 117 Martinique, 193, 194, 328 Mary Frances, 216 Mary Whitridge, 159 Mauritius, 158 May Queen, 148
Mayers, William, British Interpreter, Canton, 180, 181
Mayers, William, British Vice Consul, Canton, 263, 265 McCaslin, Captain A.A., 261 McKellar, Captain Duncan, 31 Medina, 114
Meiggs, Keith, American railroad builder, 300
Menard, Captain, 228
Menchacatore, Matia, Spanish merchants, 39
Menser, C.R., Hong Kong merchant, 295
Menzies, 117
Mercer, William T., Hong Kong
Colonial Secretary, 186
Merino Gilledo, Cuban importers,
254, 255
Messenger, 143, 148, 178, 180, 181,
182, 257
Miceno, 48
Mille Tonnes, 281
Minandes, Captain, 137
Minister Pahud, 211
Minister Van Staat Rochussen, 283
Mitchell & Co., Hong Kong, 92 Mitchell, E.R. Hong Kong
Emigration Officer, 154 Mongol, 262
Monillot, Captain J., 230
Montalvo, Cuban importer, 259,260 Montfort, Captain, 37
Montgomery, 178
Montrose, 206
Morales, Jose M., Cuban planter,
120, 123, 158, 159, 170, 180, 195, 331
Morayshire, 341
Moreley, Captain David, 227
Moro, Captain Rafael de, 232, 246, 350
Morrison, M.C., British Consul, Amoy, 158, 207
Morton, Captain J.H., 147
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
455
Mota, Captain Ramon, 247, 283, 350
Moulen, Captain Van der, 178 Muir, James D., Hong Kong merchant, 79
Mullens, Captain William L., 54 Murray, Sir Charles, British Ambassador, Lisbon, 249 Mysore, 255
Mystery, 199
N
Namoa, 46, 67, 68, 91, 95, 96, 98,
102, 103, 104, 105, 114, 320, 321 Naples, 271, 275 Napoleon, 221
Napoleon Canevaro, 232, 246, 350 Natoma, 222
Nattini, Captain Alberto, 234, 236
Nelly, 262, 266, 287
Nelusko, 277, 311, 330
Nepaul, 60
Neptuno, 222
Neva (1142 tons), 271, 274
Neva (1626 tons), 271, 275 New Orleans, 76, 217, 333, 351 Newcastle, Duke of, Colonial Secretary, 95, 107, 186, 203, 204 Nicaise, Captain A., 167, 279, 280, 284
Nichols, Doctor G.W., 98
Niemen, 269
Nimrod, 41
Nina, 259
Nolte, Captain G., 298
Nordberg, Captain C.V., 270
Norma, 146
Normann, Captain Johan, 146
Noronha, F.P., Emigration Agent, 170
North America, 245
Norway, 142
Nouveau Tropique, 37
Nouvelle Penelope, 256, 284, 285, 286, 287, 296
Nuevo Providencia, 312 Nunez, Captain Joao A., 258
Nunez, Captain, Ramon, 166
Nye, Gideon, American Vice Consul, Macao, 143
0
O'Lanyer, Louis, French shipowner,
161, 193
Ocean Telegraph, 208
Odin HMS, 161
Ohio, 71
Olano, Aureliano, Emigration Agent, 278, 279
Olano, Captain Aureliano, 227 Olivaud, Captain J., 164 Olyphant and Co., American steamship company, 315 Omba, 214 Omega, 338
Onate, Captain J.D., 271, 274 Onrust, 228, 342 Opossum HMS, 270 Oquendo, 40
Oracle, 311
Ordano, Captain Tomaz, 284 Orixa, 53
Orixa (937 tons), 267
Osollo, Captain, 39
Our Union, 242
P
Pactole, 164
Padang Panjang, 255
Paine, Captain Jean, 52 Palladium, 37
Palmerston, Lord, British Foreign Secretary, 40, 80
Panama, 105, 106, 107, 110, 338,
342
Panama (barque), 110
Papillon, 275
Paquita, 119
Paraja, Captain, 296
Paria, 207
Parker, Peter, American Acting Commissioner, 116
Parkes, Harry S., British Interpreter, Canton, 83; British Consul, Canton, 173, 174
Parliament, 261
Passos, Captain Francisco, 115
Pastor, Juan, Peruvian Vice Consul,
239
Paulsen, Captain N., 49
Pauncefote, Julian, Attorney
General, Hong Kong, 286
Pax, Paul, Australian journalist, 44 Pearce, Henrique W., Emigration Agent, 170
Peck, Captain Amos, 116
Pedder, William, Harbour Master,
Hong Kong, 98
Pedro 1, 236, 248
Pedroso, Martin, Cuban planter, 40, 151, 170
456
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
Peerless, 243
Pellew, Dr E.B., 146
Penny, Captain M.H., 68
Pereda, Machado y Cia, Cuban importers, 109, 115, 116, 117, 119,
151, 153, 166, 178, 331 Peregrine, Captain, 159 Pereira, A. Marques, Superintendent of Chinese Emigration, 223
Perks, Captain Eduardo, 247, 312 Perry, Oliver H., American Consul, Canton, 179, 190 Perseverancia, 228, 240, 259 Perseverant, 256
Persia, 202, 204
Peru, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 59, 60,
62, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 81, 83, 163, 168, 169, 171, 191, 221, 222, 225, 226, 228, 230, 231, 233, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 256, 257, 262, 265, 270,271,273, 278, 280, 287, 289, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 307, 308, 309, 311, 313, 314, 315, 322, 323, 324, 326, 328, 333, 335, 336, 337,
342, 345, 346, 350, 351, 352, 355
Peru (ship), 311
Perusia, 338
Petronila, 238, 335
Pezzolo, Captain A., 229
Pielago, Mariano del, Emigration Agent, 255
Pieter Cornelis zn Hooft, 151
Pih Kwei, Governor of Canton, 173
Pillsbury, Captain Thomas, 154 Pineyro, F., Peruvian Consul, Canton, 222
Pioneer, 148, 178
Poilbout, Captain J., 262, 266
Pollock, Captain, 232
Ponte, Manuel A., Macao merchant,
240
Port de Bordeaux, 137
Port Durand, 351
Poszetto, Captain L., 147
Potts, Dr Gerald, 147, 148 Pouyallet, Captain, 146
Pratolongo, Peruvian importer, 242 Price, Captain James G., 211 Pride of the Ganges, 208 Primera de Espana, 147
Prinz Alexander, 219 Providencia, 311
Providenza, 234
Q
Queen of England, 162 Queen of the East, 206
RB Forbes, 240
R
R Pratolongo, 228, 342
R W Wood, 216
Ramsay, Captain, 43
Raunie, Captain Phillipe, 268 Raupach, Captain, 71
Ravult, Captain, 162
Red Riding Hood, 208
Red Rose, 246, 345
Reid, Captain David, 113 Reina del Oceano, 168
Remedios, Captain Valerio A., 266 Resolucao, 135
Ribeiro, Captain Antonio, 267 Richon, St. Ange, French shipowner, 162
Ritchie, A.A. & Co., 52 Robert Bowne, 62, 63, 64, 346, 347 Robert Small, 117 Robert, Captain J., 164 Robert, Captain L., 351 Robertson, Sir D. Brooke, British Consul, Shanghai, 118, 310 Robinet, William M., Hong Kong merchant, 47, 48, 57, 60, 65, 67, 68, 71, 73, 133
Robinson, Captain C., 45
Robinson, Hercules, Governor of
Hong Kong, 215
Rodovalho, Captain E.A., 240
Rodrigues, Hermenegildo,
Emigration Superintendent, Macao, 286
Rodriguez, Juan, Peruvian planter, 49, 138
Rohilla, 341
Rosa del Turia, 276
Rosa Elias, 64, 65
Rosa y Carmen, 227
Rosalia, 335
Rosciano, Captain Jose, 282, 284
Roscoe, 216
Rosina, 229
Rosita y Nene, 294
Rossi, Captain Francisco X., 242 Rousseau, Captain C., 160
Roxburgh Castle, 117
Royal George, 185, 186, 187 Royal Saxon, 45
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
457
Rozario, Captain, 115
Russell & Co., Hong Kong, 80
Russell, Lord John, British Foreign Minister, 165
S
Sagittaire, 158
Sagues, G., Emigration Agent, 169,
256
Salamander, HMS, 55, 90
Salamis, HMS, 270
Salvadora, 276
Sama, Sotolongo y Cia, Cuban
importer, 162
Sampson, Boarding Officer, Hong Kong, 296
Sampson, British Vice Consul, Canton, 76
Sampson, Theophilus, Emigration Agent, 163, 189, 195, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 217, 218, 219, 263 Samuel Boddington, 93, 155, 208 Samuel Enderby, 134
San Francisco, 51, 56, 57, 62, 71,
76, 77, 105, 216, 217, 222, 230, 243,
244, 245, 271, 301, 315, 316, 341 San Juan, 311
San Juan, Captain J.F., 117, 337
Sanchez, Gomez. Peruvian Foreign Minister, 74
Sandford, Captain Joshua, 114
Santa Lucia, 179
Santos, Captain J.F. dos, 241
Sappho, 117
Saracen, 233
Sarah, 64
Sarah Chase, 261
Saul, Captain Jose Peres, 236, 262, 287, 288
Savage, Thomas, American Vice Consul, Havana, 253
Scarnichia, J.E., Port Captain
Macao, 300
Schimper, Fernandez, Cuban
importer, 160
Scindian, 341
Scotia, 69, 158
Sea Witch, 105, 106, 120
Sebastopol, 157, 198, 208
Sellier, French shipowner, 160, 161
Sequeira, Captain C.J., 259
Serafina, 162
Serrano, Francisco, Captain-General
Cuba, 164
Sevilla, 207
458
Sevilla, Jose, Peruvian merchant, 59,
60, 61, 64, 68, 326, 335 Sevinton, Captain, 70 Shanghai, 56, 76, 118, 193, 283,
305, 428, 430, 435
Shier, Dr David, 82
Shinkwin Lieutenant, British Army, 204
Shotwell, Captain J.M., 76, 77 Sicard, Captain Miguel, 241 Sigisbert Cezard, 154 Silva, Captain Jose da, 261
Sir George Seymour, 206
Sir Thomas Gresham, 114
Sky Lark, 117
Smale, Sir John, Chief Justice, Hong Kong, 286
Smith, Captain J.H., 204
Smith, Captain James R., 49
Solares, Bernado, Emigration Agent, 162, 164, 169
Solide, 162
Solo, 216
Somerville, Dr Thomas H., 145 Soolo, 116, 178
Sophia, 115
Sorenson, Captain J.P., 146
Sotomayor, Fevjo, Cuban planter, 40
Souza, Antonio Sergio de, Governor
of Macao, 249, 296, 297
Souza, Captain E.A. da, 116, 241, 256, 351
Sovinto, 269
Spanish Royal Decree, 119, 164,
224, 253
Spartan, 46
Spartan HMS, 123
Spirit of the Times, 259
Splivalo, Captain Stephano, 230,
244
Spray of the Ocean, 216
St Croix, Captain Philip de, 200
St Iver, 287
Staghound, 160, 161
Stanley, Lord, Secretary of State for
War and the Colonies, 36
Starlight, 228
Ste. Croix, 164
Steggman, Captain, 248
Straubenzee, Sir Charles, British Army, 173
Strickland, Captain Thomas, 69, 70 Succes, 147 Suffren, 37
Coolie Ships of the Chinese Diaspora
Sulivan, British Consul, Lima, 73,
74
Sullivan, Captain Mortimer O., 75, 159, 270
Sullivan, George, British Consul Amoy, 92 Suomi, 269
Surinam, 193, 197, 208, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 325, 327, 328, 338, 348
Susannah, 60
Swallow, 147, 178
Swatow, 31, 46, 57, 60, 65, 66, 67,
71, 72, 75, 89, 95, 96, 98, 106, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 133, 134, 137, 145, 146, 149, 159, 160,
164, 174, 185, 198, 202, 204, 206,
217, 221, 253, 305, 320, 321, 322, 347, 353, 354
Swordfish, 125
Syme, Francis D., Emigration Agent, 33, 38, 79, 80, 89, 90, 92, 93, 109
T
Tahiti, 195, 215, 216, 229
Tait, James, Emigration Agent, 39,
65, 67, 87, 89, 109, 255
Tamaris, 268
Tampico, 229
Tarolinta, 227 Tasmania, 133, 146 Telegraph, 243 Tentam, Captain, 133 Teresita, 124
Terry, John, Peruvian shipowner, 76 Theresa (brig), 241 Theresa (Italian), 233 Theresa (Peruvian), 241 Theresa Jane, 107 Theresa Terry, 76, 77 Thetis, 57
Thomsett, H.G., Harbour Master Hong Kong, 211, 212, 214, 215, 217 Thorndike, Captain Eben A., 148; Emigration Agent, 144, 148, 190 Tinita Torices, 147
Tonnochy, Registrar General, Hong Kong, 213
Topaz, 70, 324
Torices, Rafael, Cuban importer, 120, 124, 134, 135, 138, 143, 147,
148, 149, 151, 169, 190, 331 Tramoja, Captain D., 167 Treadwell, Captain, 75
Tricolor, 211, 212
Troncoso, Narciso, Cuban importer, 163, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 261, 269
Turner & Co., Canton merchants, 89 Tuskina, 133
Tuton, Captain Juan A., 119
Tuton, Captain Modesto, 275

coolie-ships-of-the-chinese-diaspora1846-1874 — Page 12

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