reactions lo HK University 356-7 volunteers for 1st WW service 362 continued racial discrimination
378-82,e385-6,e418,e419,421social hierarchy and snobbery 3 So, 382-6e
brothels 391, 392
moves towards increased democracy
400-2,e434,e436-7,e441
opium conflicts 82-3, 86, 87, 91-9, 110,e133,e181
conduct of war and aftermath 101-13, 120-1
establishment of HK community 132-3, 135-6, 137, 138, 141, 142, 149, 164, 2o8, 224e
later career 113-14
Elliot, Clara 66-7, 86, 93-4, 95.
Elliot, Frederick 230 Elliot,AdiniralSirGeorge 67,97, 101,103 Elliot, Hugh 67
Elliott, Elsie Jtt Tu
Ellis, Lieutenant Henry 215-16 Ellis, Walter 375
Emergency Regulations Bill (1922) 370 Engineering lnstiIUte 36g
Ennals, Lord 540
Erigont 287
Eurasian community 38o, 419, 436 European community
19th c.
first colonists 144-6, 165-6, 170-1, 182, 215-16
part in government 161, 216-17, 297,e309-10,e31e1-12
Chinese wives and mistresses 212, 220
improvements in society 219, 220,
242-5eattiIUde to Chinese 165-6, 243,
under Japanese rule 417-20 population 436-7 Communist/Nationalist opinion 446 195os riots 457
Jtt also American, German, PorIUguese communities
European District resemtion Ordinance (1888) 301-2
Evans, Sir Richard 511-13 Ewart, William 184
INDEX 633
Ewo Hong 52 Executive Council
establishment and early role 14 7, I 6o Chinese representation 311, 370, 399,
400,2422
coun building 4 attemplS to democratize 399-400 post-war 441
modem composition 487, 522,_547 rerum of HK to China 511-12, 539
extra-territoriality issue 130, 315, 422-3, 515
Fairbank.John King 9, So, 131,201,
203
Falklands war (1982) 5o6-7, 508-9 Fame, H.MS. 327
Far Eastmi Economic Revit'llJ 452 fanning 279, 332-4
Fearon, Samuel 163, 164 Ferry.Jules 290
Field, Ellen 421
Fiji 285
finance
19th c.
funding of colony 310-11 'smell of money' 279, 331 20th c.
revenue from opium trade 348, 350-1, 362, 364-52
funding of University 356-7, 358 attempted currency reform (1912) 36o-1
customs revenue dispute 3 68 funding for proposed coup (1925) 372-32
cost of 1926 strike-boycott 377 193os Depression and devaluation of concerns over future 5 1 1
sttalso banking; coinage; taxation; trade and economy
Finance Committee 298
First World War 362, 365, 386-7, 399,
405
Fisher, Nigel 46o-1
fishing industry 12, 433, 451 Flagstaff House 3, 136, 169 Fleming, Sir Francis 3 1 1 Fletcher, Walter 435 Fletcher's 15 I
Flour Mills 355, 356 Foo Yuen, Governor 84
Foochow (Fou-Tchow-Foo) 106, 121;
290-12footbinding 2 5 3 Forbes, Bennett 7 5
Forbes, Sir Charles 59, 6o, 63 Ford, David 548
Foreign Office
19th c.
role in China affairs 210, 242, 266,
267-82
civil service selection 23 1
in trade disputes 173, 272-3 Sun Yat-sen revolt 341
20th c.
HK matters 355, 366,2368,2372, 400 good relations with Clementi 375 pol:Cy differences with Colonial
Office 3 76, 4 76
pre-ww2 Japanese pressure 408 post-war policy on UK 6, 424-5, 426,2433-4,2439,2460
merger with Commonwealth Relations Office 476 Falklands war 507-9
$HK 403
modem system inaugurated 403 Japanese occupation measures and
furure of HK 5 1 o, 5 26-8 443
after 420, 4 3 3 s. also China, Republic of (Taiwan)
Cowperthwaite's policies 461-5 wages 462 dedication to money-making 433,
462 effect of UK devaluation 464 public expenctirure policies (1970s)
477-832
charitable donations to welfare 485 GOP 2,2520
HK links with China 524 Forrest, R. A. D. 404
Fon St George see Madras
France 16th-18th c. trade and expansion 18-19219th c. instability of government 285-6, 289-902possessions and trade 23, 28, 155, 175
634 INDEX
France -19th c. -ro111.
Middle East involvement 88, go, 284,2286,2288
lndo-China and other colonial expansion 286-90, 294,2314,2320, 324,2424
extra-territoriality 13 1
Treaty power and Canton issue 201, 202,22o8,2209,2225,2288
European wars and politics 224,
225,2280-1,2285-6,2288 incidence of venereal disease 261 war with China 290-2 China-Japan intervention 316 ttade with China 3 18
20th c.
in lndo-China 400, 447 submission to Japanese threats 408 in ww2 and aftermath 409, 423-4
Freemasons 304-5, 379 French Mission House 3
Frimd of China 121, 138, 140, 144, 146, 151, 155,2171,2215
Fu-jen wen-se (Literary Society for the
Promotion of Benevolence) 335 Fujien 505
Fung, Frederick 558-9 Fung, Sir Kenneth 495 Fung Ming-shan 394 fur ttade 40
Galatea, H.M.S. 244
gambling 214,2236-41,2249,2253,2432,
485
Garrick Club 242
Gass, Sir Michael 468, 491 GDP of HK 2,520 Gemmel's 151
General Chamber of Commerce 527 George Ill of Britain, King 33 George IV of Britain, King 44
George V of2Britain, King 245, 276-7 George-Brown, Baron George 477 Gennan community 278, 362, 380 Gennania Club 380
Germany
19th c.
unification 281 industrialization 281-2, 288
Far East ambitions 3 16-17, 3 20, 324
ttade with China 3 18
incidence of venereal disease 261 20th c.
2nd ww 4o8, 409 Gibb Livingston 235 Gibraltar 438, 507
Gibson, Lieutenant John 431 Gilmans 249-50
Gimson, Franklin 418-19, 423, 430-1,
432-32Gittins,Jean 419
Gladstone, Herbert, 1st V1SCount 347 Gladstone, William
opium wars 79-80
suppon for Aberdeen 1 16
HK matters 171, 172 on Bowring 197, 2o6 governments 281,2283,2318,2345 China affairs 205, 207, 272, 273 foreign policies 283, 284 home affairs 285,2318,2462 suppon for Bowen 292
Glenarthur, Lord 545
Glenelg, Charles Grant, 1st Baron 23,
6o, 61
Godber, Superintendent Peter 492 Goldie, Sir George 349
Gordon, General Charles ('Chinese') 291 Gough, Major-General Sir Hugh 103,
II I, 112,2113,114,117,2122 government
19th c.
first settlement and Executive Council (q.v.) 143, 145, 147-8, 150, 152, 153-4
Chinese exclusion and measures to redress 153-4, 161, 216-18, 246-8, 311-122
under Davis 157, 16o-1
salaries (c.186o) 233
under Bowen 294 Ripon-Chamberlain ruling 311-12 New Territories administration
3321-4
Ho-Ch'i2-Sun Yat-sen revolution
335-422
20th c.
reaction to strikes 370-2 Grantham's opinion of 385 tactics in prostitution issue 392,
395-62
attempts to introduce democracy 399-4012
INDEX 635
under Japanese and after surrender 418-19,2421,2422,2430-32
refonn of constitution 434-7, 439-502
measures to cope with refugees 445, 456,2464
lack of interference in business 45.}-61
and public expenditure 461-4, 477 moves towards independent government 465-6, 502
in 1966-7 riots 467-7 I
197os measures and refonns 475-83, 485-82
Joint Declaration and future of HK 513-20,2523-33,256o2
s. aho Cnil Service; Crown Colony status; Dependent Territory status; Executive Council; judiciary and legislature; Legislative Council
Government House 3 Government Offices 136 Gower, Lord Ronald 278-9 Graham, Major H. H. 244 Grand Canal 18g
Grant, Charles s. Glenelg
Grant, Captain Charles SS, 56 Grant, General Sir Hope 122, 225,
227-82
Grant, President Ulysses S. 2 77 Grantham, Lady 454 Grantham, Sir Alexander
governorship 385, 386, 436-7, 454, 456,2459
HK status and constitution 438,
439-41,2446
American problems 447-9 tanker incident 449
trade embargo 451-2 refugees and housing 45 1-2
Granville, George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl 156, 197,22o6,2229,2238,2239, 293
Granville Road 345
Grayburn, Sir Vandeleur 385, 420 Great Khan (Prince Nurhaci) 14, 120 Greenberg, Michael 30-1 Greville,Charles 72,112-13
Grey, Charles, 2nd Earl 7, 23, 51, 57 Grey, Henry (Lord Howick), 3rd Earl 67,
178, 188, 190, 1g6, 199, 206 Grey, Sir Edward 347,351 Grey, Sir George 191,293 Guangdong set Kwantung Guangxi m Kwangsi Guizot, Fram;ois 287
gun running 368,2409 Gundry, R. S. 319
Gutzlaff, Rev. Charles 45-6, 102, 122, 162, 163, 164,2196,2219,2220
Haddington, Lord 126
Haddon-Cave, Sir Philip 471,2477, 48o,
521
Hague Convention (1912): opium 364 Halla people 163, 177, 329
Halifax, Edward Wood, 1st Earl 424 Hall, Bishop Ronald 446
Hallam, Dr 391
Han people 328, 382 Hankow 210 Hanley,Jeremy 557, 559 harbour (HK)
description 134 19th c.
Elliot's perception 106, 109, 224 defences 137, 224, 296
Harcourt, Admiral Sir Cecil 430,431,
433,2434
Harcourt, Sir Lewis 361 Hardy, Captain 386
Harrison, President Benjamin 345 Hart,Judith 465-6
Hart, Sir Robert
first impression of HK 278 foundation of Customs Service 2_01, 268-9,2270-1,2313,23262diplomatic role 276,2290,2314,2315,
325
Hongkong Bank crisis 334 opinion of Pope Hennessy 256 Chinese mistress 212
Hartington, Spencer Cavendish, Marquis of(Duke of Devonshire) 296 Haslewood, Clara and husband 391,
394-52Hawaii 345
Hayter, Captain George 13-14 health see disease; hospitals; medicine;
sanitation
Heard, Augustus,Junior 214
Heath, Sir Edward 46o, 473, 504, 506, 508,2512,2522,2535,2542,2550 Heath, Henry 491
INDEX
Hennessy, Sir John Pope see Pope
Hennessy
Henry of Prussia, Prince 276-7, 317 Heppner, Richard 448 Herben, Sir Roben 293
Herben, Sidney 191, 227
Hmults 56
Herklots, Dr Geoffrey 433
Herries, Michael 496 HeungYeeKuk 541,5-42
Hicks Beach, Sir Michael 320 Hillier, Charles Batten 164,e212,e222 Hing-tai (merchant) 50
Ho Ch'i (Ho Kai, He Qi), Sir Ch'i background and education 153, 246, 335-6e
on Legislative Council 305,e307,e311, 335, 342
Sanitary Board and medical projects
300,e308,e309,e335
on cultural differences 380
Ho Chi Minh 400
Ho Fuk Tong, Revd. 153, 246, 250, 300 Ho Sing-tin, Edward 539
Hoare, Sir Samuel 388
Hobhouse, John Cam go
Hoe, Susanna 349, 395
Hogan, Sir Michael 468, 479
Hoklo people 3 29
Holland 18-19,e23,e28,e281,e425-6,e474 Holyoak, P.eH. 396
Home Office 229 Hong Kong Club 245,e304, 38o, 497 Hong Kong Electric Co. 497
Hong Kong and Kowloon Wharf and
Godown Co. 498 Hong Kong Land 498 /long Kong Nt111$ 42e1
Hong Kong Regiment of Royal Artillery
412
Hong Kong Telecom 496 Hong Kong Telegraph 295-6, 326, 369 Hong Kong Volunteers 327,412,e416,
420, 528
Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Co. 497 Hong merchants
rank and trade 28, 47-8, 52, 53, 68,
78, 153-4 opium wars 84, 95, 101
HK wrmgles 146-7
latter day 452-3, 494-501 Hongkong and Shanghai Bank foundation 233-4
banking crises and survival 235-6, 273,e334
and Tung Wah Hospital 249-50
in 1st WW 362
gun-running affair (1924) 368
after 192os boycott 3 77
enforced celibacy of employees 3 8 5 Japanese occupation and after 420,
433
policy reform 453
recent ventures 496, 497, 498, 500-2 and future of HK 527
building 4
Honorable East India Company careers and prospects 30-1 , 3 8-9,
suppon for Li-Sun movement 335-41
230-1e
passim
May's opinion of 342,e361 Kuomintang coup 352, 35-4
44,e45,e47-8,e53
St Helena 38
army and navy 57, 102
decline and liquidation 51, 57-6o, 77
award to Elliot 11 3
Hope, Admiral 209
Hope, Captain Charles 173-4
Hoppo, the (hoi-po1) 27-8, 40, 52, 68,
6g,e270,e276 Hombeck,eStanley 427 Horobin, Sir Ian 4 5 6 Ho-shen 18
hospitals 249-5 1 , 380, 461, 481 , 492 Hotung (Ho Tung), Sir Rohen 341, 342,
419,e495 housing s. Chinese community;
development; European Community;
land Howe, Sir Geoffrey 513, 520,523,527,
534, 547
Howick, Lord s. Grey Howqua (merchant) 28, 85 Hsieh Tsuan-t'ai 335 Hsien-feng (Xian Feng), Emperor 188,
202,e203 Hsin Hua (Xinhua) see New China News Agency
Hsin-dimg Chm-di 'iian (Essays on Reform) 336
INDEX 637
I Ising Chung Hui (Association for the troops in Angl.hinese war 91, Regeneration of China) 337 104, I II
Hsii Chi-Yii (XuJiyu) 175-6 HK garrison troops 295,311,370
Hsii (Xu) Kuang-chu, Imperial 20th c. Commissioner 195-6, 203 opium trade 348, 362, 364
Hsii Nai-tsi 78-9
4o6
troops in I st WW 365
civil service 381
Troops in defence of HK 412
Hu Han-min 353 Hu Li-yan 336
Hua Guofang 472 Huang2Chueh-tzu 81
Huang En-t'ung (Huang Entong) 126 Huang Hsing 352-3
Huang Hua 472
Huang Yung-shang 337 Hue, Abbe 114
Hui Yin-fat 539
Hull, Cordell 409, 424 Hulme,John 157, 178, 181-2, 212,
232 Hum, Christopher 550 Humen-Ch'uen-pi 287 Hung Hsiu-ch'uan (Hong Xiuqan)
176--7
Hunter,James 168
Hunter, William 46, 48
Hurd, Douglas 33, 549 Hurley, Patrick J. 428, 429-30 Huskisson, William 23 Hutchison's 4g6, 497,2527 Hutchison-Whampoa 497 Hyaanth, H.M.S. g(,-7
Hyde, C. F. 420
ITs'z 248-c)
l'liang, Governor-General 201 Immigration Act (1971) 474, 543 Immigration Department 418 l,nqgme, H.M.S. 70-1 lndefatitabk, H.M.S. 431 Independent Commission Against
Corruption (ICAC) 492-4, 542 India
17th-19th c.
post-ww2 fear of China 428 independence 434, 442 Ladakh incident 443
India Act (1784) 21-2
Indian community 5,381,391,436 lndo-China 17,2286-92,2314,2421,2447
see also Korea; Vietnam
Industrial Revolution 44, 281-2, 319 industrialiution of HK 369, 451-2, 454,
458-9, 494-5002
Inglis, Sir Robert 55, 60, 85 Ingwood, Charles 166
lnnes,James 45, 52, 75, 144 International Agreement on Civil and
Political Rights 533
Ireland 87, 155, 188, 189, 283, 285, 318,2365
Irving, Edward 356
Ismay, General Hastings, 1 st Baron 411 Italy 281
Ito Hirobumi, Prince 315 ivory trade 40
Jackson, Thomas 297 Jamaica 100,2309 Jamieson,James 375
Jancigny, Adolphe-Philibert Dubois de 286-72
Japan
17-18th c., exclusion of foreigners 26219th c.2
banking ventures 234, 236 incidence of venereal disease 263 medical discoveries 302
wars with China 6,289, 314-16,
322,2404
modernization 3 14-I 5, 3 18
20th c.
I 55, 165, ll}O, 229, 283, 307-8, 393 war with Russia (1904-5) 345, 405 opium and other trade 19-20, 34-8, Korean occupation 315,405,410 40,44,52, 173,286 in 1st WW and inter-war threat
19thc. 386-9, 405-102
banking ventures 233-4, 236 Japanese settlement in USA 389
INDEX
Japan -20th c. -amt. Jones, Revd. Josiah 363
Shantung concessions 366-7, 378 Jordan, Sir John 366, 425
trade 389 Joss House Bay (Tai Miu Wan) 328 Jowett, Benjamin 358
405, 4o6-9
internal troubles 405-6
1932 annexation of Manchuria 4o6 ww2 and occupation of HK 371, 393,
410,2412-22,2427,2429-31,2432 atrocities 407,2416-17,2421 post-wai trade 450, 499, 524 Jaidine, Charles 243
Jaidine, David 190
Jaidine,Jean 310
Jaidine, Dr William
background 52,2310
Canton trader 52, 53-6, 61, 74, 79,
133
opium conflicts 83, 84, 85, 90
as MP 105-6, 133, 150
death 144
Jaidine Mathieson foundation 40,245,252,255
in opium conflicts 86, 97, 133-4 established in HK 133-4, 136, 146-7,
149, 151, 16g, 174, 197 administrative role and power 190,
207,2209,2298,2312
Hongkong Bank flotation 234, 235 survives banking collapse 235
help for soldiers 244
late 19th c. trade 268 268, 26g, 273 link with British and Chinese
Corporation 344
recent ventures 495-500 Jebb, Sir Gladwyn 425 Jenkin, Patrick 492
Jewish community 297, 343, 38o, 382 Jiang Zemin 554
Jiaqin see Chia-ch'ing, Emperor
Jockey Club, Royal Hong Kong 304, 38o,
485-6, 497-72
Johnson, Reginald 358-9 Johnston, Sir Alexander 66 Johnston (later Campbell-Johnston), Juan Yuan, Governor-General 42, 79 judiciary and legislature
19th c.
in early settlement 138, 147, 157,
164-6, 190
Chinese participation 218, 24 7,
260-1,2297,2305,23122
law enforcement problems 218,
221-2, 2382
make-up of Justices 297
Po Leung Kuk system 304
20th c.
dual language 488-9
Joint Declaration provisions and
Basic Law 513-20, 523-33, 56o
stt also crime; government; Legislative
Council
Kaifong Association 440 kaifongs 24 7, 249
K'ang Yu-wei 338
K'ang-hs. Emperor 329
Kat Hing Gai 322
Kaufman, Gerald 522,2526 Keelung (Ch'i-lung) 290 Keenan, Colonel James 221-22. Kendall, F. W. 233
Kennedy, Sir Arthur 252, 253, 256,
273-4, 2752
Keppel, Admiral Sir Henry 219-20, 245 Keswick family 310,2495,2497,2498 Keswick, Henry 363, 498, 499, SS1 Keswick,2James 311,2319
Keswick,2John 428
Keswick, Simon 499,2516,2527 Keswick, William 263, 498 Khan ofKokand 73, 131
Kiau-chou (Kiachow) Bay 105,2317,2320 Kimberley,John Wodehouse, 1st Earl
229,2256,2257,2261,2293,297 Kimberley Road 345
Alexander Napier mission and
King Edward VII Scholarships 357
King's College, London 218 Kingsley, Mary 343 Kipling, Rudyard 62,2266,2279,2390,
establishment of HK colony 132, 135,
137, 139, 140-2, 148, 150 485 departure 232 Kissinger, Henry 471-2 Johnston, William 350 Kitasato, Dr 302
INDEX 639
Korea:-japanese occupation 315, 405, 410
Korea, South 2,2473,2499
KoreanWar (1950-3) 438, 443, 446-7,
453,2459 Kossuth, Louis 292
Kotewall, Sir Roben 375,2422 Kowloon
his101y 327-g
Lin Wei-hsi incident (1840) 93-4 customs point established 1 29 construction offons 137, .t24 acquisition 223-8
funher extension see New Territories
fall of HK to Japanese 413-15 1956/66 riots 457-8, 467-8 questions oflease 12 5, 5o6, 514; see
also New Territories
Kowloon City 322-5, 329-30, 413-14, 445, 506, 537
Kuang-hsii (GuangKU), Emperor 314,
322,2338
Kung, Prince 209,2252,2313 Kung Tzu-chen 98
Kuok, Roben 558 Kuomintang (Nationalist Party)
foundation and rise to power 335, 352-3,2362,2367,236g
under Chiang 377-8, 406-7, 425, 427, 428, 437, 438
retreat 10 Formosa 442-3
Taiwan government see China, Republic of2(Taiwan)
Nationalist agitation in HK 445-8,
457-82
Kwai Chung 48o Kwang-chou Bay 317,2318
Kwangsi (Guangxi) 12, 27, 68, 208, 352, 377
Kwangtung (Guangdong) 12-13, 27, 68,
353,2362,2367,2377,2505
Kwok Acheong 246
Kwok, T. W. 445
Labouchere, Henry, Baron Taunton 191,
216-18, 26o, 262 Labouchere, Henry (nephew) 216 Ladies' Reqeation Club 278
Lady Huu,es incident (1784) 29 Lagrene, Theodore-Joseph de 287 Lamont's 497 land
first sales and prices 135-6, 139, 141, 142, 149,2167,2168-9
Government enquiry (1847) 185-6, 188
shonage and reclamation 4,2134,2299, 321,2483
tenure in New Territories 332-4 see also development
Lane Crawford 498
Lane-Poole, S. 2o8
language
ofKwantung 13 pidgin 46
Chinese willingness to learn English 152-3,2220,2246,22502
British exhoned to learn Chinese 187, 220,2231
American and German application 278 Japanese attempt to impose Japanese 421 in universities 482-3, 561 recognition of Chinese as official
language 488-9
Lantau island 321,2324,2329,2332 Laos 2go
Lattre de Tassigny, General Jean de
447
Lau, Governor General 225
Lau, Emily 537, 539, 546, 553, 555-6 Lau,2Miriam 556
Lau Chiu-shek 555
Lau Sui-kai 577
Lau Tit-shing 422
Layton, Temple 166
Le Foy, Mary Anne 163 League ofFellowship 382-3
League of Nations 398,2405,2406, 4o8 Lee,2Alan 530,2559
Lee, C. C. 452, 453
Lee,2Martin 519,2529-30,2533,2537,2539, 555-7, 5652
Lee Teng-hui 555
Legge,James 151, 162, 183, 190, 191, 246
Legislative Council
19th c.
establishment and early role 14 7,
16o-1, 171-2, 190,216 Hongkong Bank Ootation 235, 236 and Caldwell 240
badge design 241 Legislative Council -19th c. -amt.
Chinese representation 247, 26o-1,
297,2300,2305,2312 brothel regulation 265
in trade dispute (1876) 275
civil disturbances 291
Bowen's reconstruction 297-9
and Colony Funding 311
20th c.
opium issue 3 5 1
U Diversity funding 3 5 7
May's restrictions 361
proposed funding for coup 372 Portuguese representation 382, 400 mui-tsai issue 396
attempts to democratise 399-400 financial reforms 403-4 dissatisfaction with government 418 Lo, T. S. 517, 561 Lobonov, Prince 3 16 Loch, Henry 227
Lockhan,2James Stewan 294,2296,2326,
331-22
Loh, Christine 5 5 5-6
London Agreements (1933) 408 London East India and China Association
89-90, 191
see also China Association
London Missionary Society 219, 379 London School of Tropical Medicine 300
London, Treaty of(1827) 286 Loo Aqui (Lu Agui; Loo King;
Sz-man-king) 152 Loseby, Frank 400 Lothian, Lord 409
Chinese members under Japanese
rule 422 Louis Philippe of France, King 286
post-war reconstruction 434, 436-7,
441,2458,2467,2531
current electoral reform 5 17-18,
518-23,2525-35,2547
coun building 4 Lennox-Boyd,Alan 449,2458 Lethbridge, H.2J. 342, 467 Leung On 249-50 Li Chi-t'ang 342 Li Hung-chang (Li Hongzhang) 252,
261,2289,2313,2314,2315,2316,
339-40,24952Li Ka-shing 495, 497, 498, 558 Li, Mr Justice Simon 516 Li Shu-fan, Dr 417,2421 Liao Chung-k'ai 372 Liautung peninsula 316 Likin, the 1 89 Lin Tse-hsii (Lin Zexu) 16, 81-7 passim,
91-5, 97, 98, 103, 104, I 10, 130,
2142Lin Wei-hsi incident (1840) 93-4, 95,
130,2214 Lindsay, Hugh 90, 150 Lindsay's 134, 151 Lintin island 12, 42, 43, 62, 106 Lister, Alfred 249, 294 Literary Society for the Promotion of
Benevolence (Fujen wen-se) 335 Liu Yun-k'o, Governor 175, 176 Lloyd George, David, 1st Earl 347,2489 Lloyds Bank 501 Lowcock, Mrs 278
Lower Alben Road 136
Lu K'un, Viceroy 69-70, 71, 72-3 Lu Ping 529, 552
Luce, Richard 520,2535
Lugard, Lady flora (nie Shaw) 343, 346, 349-50,23552
Lugard, Sir Frederick (Lord) background and Governorship 192, 346,2348-50,2359,2380
and Chinese Revolution 352, 353,
354-5
marriage 343,2346
New Territories lease 330 opium issue 351-2
foundation of University 355,2356, 357
opinion of Clementi 374 Lung Chi-kuang, General 367 Liishun see Pon Anhur Lusitania Club 38o
Lyeemoon (Lei Yue Mun passage) 1o6, 134
see also harbour of HK
Lyttelton, Oliver, Viscount Chandos 440-1,2454,24582
Lyttelton, Alfred 345-6
Macao
Portuguese settlement 2, 11-12, 25, 314
trade outlet 26, 68, 92, 128, 134
INDEX
social amenities 30, 39, 56
expulsion ofBritish (1839) 93-4, 96
riots during Cultural Revolution
467-712
Ponuguese and Chinese positions
471-2 MacArthur, General Douglas 429-30, 447,2452
Macartney, George: JSt Earl 9, 15, 26, 32-3,236,248,2So, 105,21882Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 1st Baron
58, 61, go, 230-1 MacCallum, Sir Henry 346 McCarthy, Joseph 428, 443 Maccoun, Dr 263 MacDonald, Sir Claude 322,2323,
324-5,2326,23332MacDonnell, Sir Richard
Governorship 237-8, 252-3
innovations 214, 236, 238-42, 245-6,
247,2249,2258-g,2273-4 MacDougall, David 426, 431-3, 436 MacGregor, Sir Athol 419,2431 Macgregor, Francis 178 McGregor,2Jimmie 537 Machow-Wong 232 Mackinay (ltmr Bodell), Sarah 244 McKinnon, Dr 257 McKinsey & Co 486 Mclane, Roben 201 Maclaren, Robin 550 Maclay.John (Viscount Muirshiel) 458 Maclehose, Sir Murray (Lord Maclehose)
governorship 4,2471,2475-8,2486,2488
anti-corruption measures 489, 492
Beijing talks 504-5, 513, 540-1, 544,
550,2556 Macl..eod, lain 491 Macmillan, Harold, Earl of Stockton 439,
450-1, 473 Madagascar 288 MadagtlWlr 102 Madras (Fon St George) 19, 22, 26, 37 Madrigal, Oub 38o
Magniac (ltmr Jardine Matheson) 45, 52 Major,John 534-5, 538, 545, 551, 559 Malacca 152, 190, 228
Malaya (Malaysia) 443-4
Malcohn, Colonel 186
Malcohn, Sir John 5g-6o
Malcohn, W. R. 293
Mallet. Sir Louis 267
Mdmesbury,2James Harris, 3rd Earl 198, 201, 2o6
Maltby, Major-General C. M. 413-16, 433
Man-Kam Lo, Sir 38o, 382, 383, 422, 434, 436-7
Man-Mo temple 152,2247
Manchu state 14-17, 26, 177, 200, 353,
36o
Manchukuo state 4o6 Manchuria 316,2377,2405,2400 Manila 92,2235,2236,2426
Manson, Dr Patrick 279, 300, 3o8-g, 355
442,2466-7,2469 Marco Polo Bridge 4(16-7 Marcy, William 222 Marden, George 497-8 Marden,J. L. 4g62
Marine Midland Bank 500 Maritime Customs Service (earlier Shanghai Inspectorate of Customs) 192,2200,2201, 268-762passim, 313, 326, 336, 368
Marjon1>anks, Charles 57 Marlesford, Lord 540 Marsh, Eddie 395
Marsh, Sir William 294, 298, 304 Marshall, General 437
Marsha:J, Humphrey 200
Martin, Roben Montgomery 157-6o,
161, 163, 167, 172 Marxi..m 536
Masonic Lodge 245
Mass Transit Railway (MTR) 5, 479, 481
Matheson, Alexander 144, 146-7, 155-6,2162, 168-g,2170,2184-62Matheson, Donald 95
Matheson, Sir James
background 54, 144
Canton merchant 10, 51, 53-6, 61, 62, 85
founder of Jardine Matheson (q.v.) 52,
SS
views on China 76-7, 79
opium conflicts 84, 86, 87, go, 91. Captain Elliot's departure 112
in HK IJS, 144, 146, 173
as MP 184
Chairman of P&O 234
INDEX
Mathesons see Jardine Mathesons Mongols 15
Matilda Hospital 380, 416 Matsu 443
Matthews,2Jeremy 538 Maudling, Reginald 492 Maxwell, Rohen 471
May, Superintendent Charles 164, 215, 222
May, Francis
as Colonial Secretary 342-3, 346, 348, 352, 355
Governorship 330, 359-6o, 361,2364, 365,2367
May, Helena 343, 359-6o medicine
Chinese traditions 248, 254, 303, 308 19th c. improvements in HK 248-51,
255,2257-8,2302,2303
University graduates 359
in wanime POW camps 420 post-war improvement and funding
462-4,2479,248o-1
ste also disease; hospitals; sanitation Mehemet Ali 88, 90
Meiji2reign 314-15,405
Melbourne, William, Viscount
character 115, 144-5
Queen Victoria's reliance on 6, 88 Governments 72, 87-8, 100, 115-16 China affairs 90, 107, 113, 115 opinion of Bowring 193
Mercer, William 157,2216,2221, 223-4,
232,2259
Merivale, Herman 230 Messer, C. M. 403 Mexico 288
Middlesex Regiment 412 Midland Bank 501
Milner, Alfred, 1st Viscount 393,395 Min-Chuen 354, 36o
Miners, Dr N. 519,2522
Ming dynasty 14, 26
Minto, Lord 67, 89
Mirs Bay 317,2324, 325-6 Mirsky,Jonathan 8 Mont Tremblant confc;rence (1942) 423,
426-7,2436,24332
Montagu, Edwin 363-4
Morand, Paul 376
Morier, Sir Rohen 281
Morley,John 347, 348
Momington, Lord 36
Morris, Jan 488
Morrison, G. E. 346, 36o Morrison,John 45, 126, 130, 144, 148,
199
Morrison, Rohen 45, 70
Morrison Education Society's School 153 Mosby,John Singleton 277
Mountbatten of Burma, Louis, 1st Earl
427,2429
Mountney, Nathaniel 25 Mowqua (merchant) 85 Mu-chung-a 42,281,2202-3
mui-tsai (indentured girls) 254,2390 passim Mundy, Peter 20
Municipal Council 434, 436 Murray, Simon 497, 527 Mutsihito, Emperor 314 Mutual Aid Committees 542
Nairne, Sir Patrick 516 Nam-ping hotel-brothel 393 Nanking
in 1st Anglo-Chinese War 112,
116-17, 120
in Taiping revolt 177, 200 Kuomintang capital 277-8 in Sino-Japanese war 407
taken by Communists (1949) 438
Nanking, Treaties of (184z/3) 120-31, 146, 156, 161, 168,2185,2210,2316, 515
revision (1854) 202
later implications 73, 81, 125, 161, 175,2200,2287
Napier, General Sir Charles 155 Napier, William John, 8th Baron 6-7, 63-5,268-72,276,298,2544,25452
missionaries 219, 220, 246 Mitchell, W. J. 222
Napier, Lady 66, 74
Napoleon I, Emperor 23, 38, 140, 28o,
286
Napoleon III, Emperor Louis 191,2288,
Mody, H. N. 355-6
Moghul Empire 19, 20, 22 Molesworlh, Sir William 191
289
Mongkok 483 346
INDEX
Nathan, W. S. 346 Nathan Road 344, 345
National Hank oflndia 234, 235-6 National Council for Combating Venereal
Disease 391
National Council of Women 398 National People's Congress 516,2556 Natinalist Party of China Stt Kuomintang Nationality Act ser British Nationality Act
navies
American2s. United States Navy British see Royal Navy
Chinese 19th c. 42-3, 94, 96-7, n8,
290,2292,2315
East India Company 57, 102 French 19th c. 290, 294
German, 19th-2oth c. 317, 386-7 Japanese 20th c. 386,2387,2389, 407-8,
410, 411
Russian 19th c. 345 Nmusir,2H.M.S. 104, uo, III, 133 Nepal 17, 393
Neville-Rolfe, Olive 391
New China News Agency (Hsin Hua; Xinhua) 446 Nicholiaevsk 316
Nicholas II of Russia, Tsar 299 Nightingale, f1orence 227 Ningpo 105, 106, 109, 117, I19, 121 Nixon, President Richard 4 72
Nobel, Alfred 323
Non-Conformist church 219,2379 Norman, Sir Henry 382
North, Frederick, 8th Lord 21 Nonhcote, Sir Geoffiy 403-4, 410, 411,
418
Nonhcote Trevelyan Report (1853) 2321 Nurhaci, Prince (Great Khan) 14, 120 Nye, Gideon 86, 18o
O'Brien, Dr 259-6o
Office of Members of the Legislative
Council (OMO.CO) 542 Oglander, Colonel 102 Olney, Secretary of State 326 opium trade
pre-19th c. 34-7 29th c.
burgeoning trade 37-8, 41, 42-4, 47, 54, 56, 77-8
New Territories history 327-9
attempted suppression 78-81,
cover for smuggling 270 lease 7, 8,2125,2313, 319-27 administration 331-4, 344 defence concerns 296,2321 Min-Choen threat 36o
proposed return to China (post-ww1) 366
Japanese victory 413-15
funher questions oflease (post-ww2) 422-3,2472,2503-4,25o6,25142new2tawns 4-5,248o-1
s. also Kowloon
New Zealand 168, 229, 249, 293, 365, 387
Newbigging, David 499
Newcastle, Henry Clinton, Duke of 21 1, 213,2226,2229,2232
reemergcnce uo-n, 121, 133-4, 144
newspapers' stance 140
HK trade 150, 158, 185, 186, 197, 270,2276,2318,2348
divans 152,253,351 anemp62to2legalize 172-4
20th c.
funher anemp6 to control 348, 350-1,2362-5
continued prosperity of trade 362 declared illegal ( 194 5) 364 Oriental Bank 236
Ormsby-Gore, W. G. A. (Lord Harlech) 402
'Other Hong Kong Report, The' 504,
Newman, Lieutenant C. A. 214 newspapers
after first settlement 140
Lugard's anti-Communist paper 375 Nationalist press in HK 445
s. also irulivid,ud taPm
Ng Choy 153, 247, 250, 26o-1, 297,2337 Nian rebellion 252
Ouchterlony, Lieutenant 119
Overend and Gurney collapse 235
Oxfam 485
Palmerston, Henry Temple, Viscount career 24-5, 64, 65, 71-2, 73, 88, 178, 191, 19'>, 2o6-7, 2o8, 21 I impression of HK 1,532
644 INDEX
Palmerston, Henry T., Viscount -amt. Napier mission 62, 63, 68, 71-2, 75, 544 China policies 76, 77, 78, So, 89, 90, 98, 99, 100, 110 war with China and aftennath 6, 97, 101-2, 105, 106-8, 113, 115, 116, 121 Chinapolicies(post-war) 143,178,179, 180-1,e191,e194-5,e196,202,216,220eand Pottinger I 56 opinion of Bonham 190 and Bowring 193, 223 death 280
Pao, Sir Yue-kong 452, 494-5, 498
Pao-shun Hong 52
Parker, Admiral 114, 117, 122
Parker, Dr 222
Parkes, Sir Harry
at signing of Nanking treaty 122
Siam mission 199
responsibility for war 7, 122, 204, 2o6, 208
acquisition of Kowloon 225-6, 227 Minister at Peking 27 4, 290
Parry, Captain 56
Parsec community 297,e355, 38o
Paton,eJohn 439
Peak Club 342
Peak district 342
Peak Reservation Ordinance 342, 378 Pearl Harbor 410, 423
Pearl River 11, 12, 102, 103-4 Pedder, Lieutenant Wtlliam 133 Peel, Sir Robert
character 14 5
Governments 23, 72, 88, 98, 112, 116, 123, 143, 155, 178, 189
China issues 100, 113, 120
Peel, Sir William 390, 392, 400, 401 Peking (Beijing)
capture by Manchus (1644) 14 exclusion of foreigners 27
threat to in Anglo-Chinese wars 102, 117
attempts to establish embassy 198, 209, 228
destruction of Summer Palace and rebuilding 207,e210,e217,e314
occupation in Boxer uprising 8, 322, 339 renamed Peiping 377
in Chiang's operations 377
taken by Communists (1949) 438 as Beijing and capital of People's
Republic 442
British Legation burnt ( 1967) 469 HK and 494, 536-8, 552
Peking, Conventions of(186o) 125, 209,
210,e227-8;e(1898) 125 Pmg Chai Hoi 275
Peng Zhen 444
Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation
Company 233, 246, 249-50 Pennefather-Evans, John 418 Pepys, Samuel 81-2
Perth, Earl of 5-40
Peterloo massacre 44
Peterson, Sir Maurice 425, 427 Peyrefine,eAlain 8-9 Philippines 287,e345,e410 Philips, C. H. 24
Phillips, Admiral Tom 411
piracy 12, 162,e213,e238, 241-2, 244,
253,e360
Pin, Wtlliam, the Younger 21 plague 302-3, 305-6
Plover Cove reservoir scheme 471
Patrilr.eeff, Felix 509
Pauncefote, Julian 232-3, 240
Plowden, William 48
Po Leung Kuk (Protect Virtue
Association) 304, 394
police
establishment and problems 164, 165,
185, 238, 241 Sikhs 222, 253 District Watch Force 24 7 corruption 262,e266,e279,e421,e468,
489-95e
May's reform 359
in Shanghai International Settlement
incident (1925) 371
admission of Chinese 214, 381, 400 under Japanese 4 3 2 post-war increase in strength 438 in 1966/67 riots 469-70
become Royal Hong Kong Police
Force 491
allocation of British passports 5 2 7 Police Complaints Body 542 predominance of Chinese now 4
Pollock, Henry 383
Pope Hennessy, Lady 385
INDEX
Pope Hennessy, Sir John Kipling's account of a brothel 266 background and character 255-6, 263, HK prostitutes' reaction to Chinese 330 Revolution 353 governorship 194, 256-61 passim, 267, stt also mui-tsai
Puerto Rico 3 Pundt 122,O212,O385 Punti people 328-9 population
19th c. China 17
20th c. HK 404, 436-7, 445,O478, 48o,
Puyi s. Hsuan-t'ung, Emperor Pym, Francis 5o8
porcelain trade 25, 27 Qian Qichen 558
Port Arthur (Liishun) 317, 3u, 324 Portugal 2, 11-12, 18, 19, 26,144,314,
408,O471
stt also Macao Portuguese community 5, 38o, 382, 400,
433, 436, 528 Possession Point 134
postal service 233
Quemoy 442
.ong, EmperorOs. Chi'en-lung Quarttrb-Review 5 8
Queen's Road 134-5
Rabushka, Alvin 461-2
Rafferty, Kevin 495
Raffles, Sir Stamford 44
Potsdarn Conference (1945) 429
Pottinger, Eldred 114 Pottinger, Sir Henry Argentina 319
China 45,O313,O319,O323
background and character 114-15, 131, 146,O151,O176,O378
conduct of war and Nanking Treaties 116-17, 120,O121,122,O124, 125, 126-7, 131,O162
establishment of community 127, 130, 132, 137, 139, 140-2, 145-8, 150-1, 159, 16o, 164
diplomatic duties 143-4, 145, 146, 166, 176, 18o, 207
opium trade 172, 173,O174,O271 resignationandlatercareer 151,155,156 Potts, Captain 416
powerOsupplies 473,O478
Powers, Brian 499
Pratt, Sir John 427
Prendergast, Sir John 492
Preposterous 242
Price,OJ.OM. 255,O257
Price Waterhouse 499
Prin. of Walts, H.M.S. 410 Profumo,John 459
prostitution brothels in early colony 15 2, t 64, 244 political issue in Britain 236, 253, 262, 264
Kowloon-Canton 344, 4o8, 481
Mass Transit Railway (MTR) 5, 480-1 Raimondi, Bishop 277 Ram Mohun Roy 58 Rankin,John 454,O457,O458,O465 Reagan, President Ronald 5o6, 510 reclamation s. land Red Guards 467,O469 Red House 335, 337 Red River 289 Rees-Williams, Colonel David (Lord
Ogmore) 435 ReformBill (1832) 23-4, 57, 59, 63, 64,
216
Reform Club, Hong Kong 490
Reform Party (of Li-Sun movement) 337 Regional Councils 541-2
Rehabilitation Council 422 religion 219, 288, 5 15
s. also missionaries Remedios, Private 416 Rennie, A. H. 355-6 Rq,ulst, H.M.S. 410
retrocession of HK 2,474, 476-7,
503-40OReuters 447
Revenue Department 452 Reynard, H.M.S. 244 Rhoads, E. J. M. 329
child prostitution 253, 254, 304, 397,
attempts to regulate 261-6, 390-3, J.n-8 rhubarb trade 27, 40, 82
646 INDEX
Rich, Nigel 498
Ride, Colonel Lindsay 420 Rifkind, Malcolm 56o
Ringgold, Captain Cadwalader 221 Ripon, Frederick Robinson, Earl of 113,
311-12 Rroer Bird 222a
roads 480,a496,a533-4
Robenson, Sir Brooke 268, 273, 274-5 Robinson, Bryan 231
Robinson, Sir George 65-6, 6g, 74-5 Robinson, Admiral Hercules 23a1 Robinson, Sir Hercules 213, 227-8,
231-2, 242
Robinson, Sir William 23a1-2, 303, 305-7,a311-12,a321,a338aRodgers, William 503
Rogers, Sir Frederic (Lord Blachford)
206,a230
Roman Catholic Church 219, 287-8 Rong Yiren 561
Roosevelt, President F. D. 414, 423-4,
427,a428,a429,a438,a456 Rosebery, Archibald, 5 th Earl 3 18 Ross, C. H. 241 Rouen, Forth 164
Royal Air Force 413, 432, 444 Royal Asiatic Society 243
1926 boycott settlement 377
Washington Treaty limitations 387,
388,a408
advantages of Singapore as base 388 2nd ww and fall. of HK 410,a411, 413 liberation of HK 429,a430,a43a1 Amethyst episode 438
reinforcement of HK 444
closure of dockyard (1958) 453, 454 Tamar, H.M.S. 4
Ruyal Saxon 96-7
Royal Society of Arts: approval of opium
34
Rusk, Dean 450
Russell,John, 1st Earl 89, go, 178, 188, 189, 191,a205,a216,a225,a226,a28o
Russell, Bertrand, 3rd Earl 28o Russell, Sir James 294 Russell's (company) 84, 424, 495 Russia 18th c. trade with China 27 19th c. expansion and Far East ambitions 209, 313-14, 316,a317, 320-1, 324 Turkish conflict 285 emergence as world power 281 trade with China 3 18
Royal Engineers 139, 16g 20th c.
Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club see Jockey
Club
Royal Hong Kong Police Force ste police
Royal Marines 111, 112, 118
Royal Navy
19th c.
weakness after Napoleonic wars 91 and Napier mission 68-9, 70-1 opiumatradeaandWars 83-4,a89,a94,
g6-7, 101-4, 110-1 I, I 12,a173,204 shipbuilding and armament 118 established in HK 136
anti-piracy role 162, 244
gunboats and 'agunboat diplomacy'
166-7,a205,a209,a273,a372asailors in Canton force 208 flogging 26o
social amenities for sailors 261-3 Naval Inspectorate of Hospitals 263 colonial commitments 284-5
war contingencies 295
20th c.
Russo-Japanese war 345
suppon for Sun Yat-sen 36g
Revolution 387
Far East involvement ww2 and after 428,a443,a447
divergence from China and relations
with 467, 505-6 Ryrie, Phineas 297, 298
Ryuku (Liu-chi) islands 289,a314
St Helena 38
St John's Cathedral 3
St Paul's College 219, 221
St Paul's French Hospital 420
St Stephen's Hospital 416, 417 Salisbury, Rohen Gascoyne, 3rd Marquis
318, 320-1, 322,a325,a326,a331,a338, 340
salt trade 2 70
Saltoun, Major-General, 16th Baron 136, 141, 380
Sam Tung Uk museum 329 San-on (Xin'an) 327-9
INDEX
San-yuan-li, battle of2(1841) 112, 120 Shelley, A. E. 157 Sandberg, Sir Michael 516 Shenzhen 505
Sanitary Board (/at" Urban Council) Shimonosweki, Treaty of(1895) 315-16
299-300,2306,2309,2401
.hipbuilding 1 18, 276
Shouson Chou, Sir 370,2375,2396,2400,
sanitation 254-8,2299-303,2401 Sansom, Colonel 381
Sargent, Lieutenant-General J. N. 294,
295,2296-7,2321,2340 Sassoon, David 297 Sayer, G. M. 452 Sayer, G. R. 364-5, 402, 453 schools see education Scott, Sir David 410 Seamen's Union 370-1 Second World War 409-17, 427, 429 Seely, ColonelJack 350-1
422 Shuck, Revd. Lewis 140 Shupui, Eva 488 Siam 199-200,2290,2388 Sikhs 222, 253 silk trade 27, 47, 77, 161, 286 Singapore
British settlement 44, 152, 228
preferred base for British forces 388,
389
Select Cominittee of Supra Cargoes
29-30,236,240-1,247-8,255,257,259,262-32
attempted control of prostitution 392,
in 2nd WW and aftermath 411, 414,
Selwyn Lloyd, Baron Selwyn Brooke 425,2429
450-1, 473 trade with HK 499 Selwyn-Clarke, Dr Selwyn and Hilda 420 compared with HK 2, 285 Sen-ko-lin-ch'in, General 227 Sinkiang (formerly Turkestan) 17, 73,
Senhouse, Captain Sir Humphrey 103,
110,2113,2114
252
395,2398
383,2396 sewerage s. sanitation Shah Tin 5, 480 Shameen island 228 Shanghae Rea,rder 269 Shanghai
choice as British possession 105, 1o6,
109, 161
free port 121,2200
s. also mui-tsai
Sloggett, Dr. W. H. 263-4
Smale, Sir John 240, 394 Smith, Captain 94, 96
Smith, Albert 242-3, 379
Smith, Cecil Clementi 231, 296 Smith, Bishop George 163, 165, 177,
220, 221
Smith,John Abel 90, 184
in Taiping rebellion 201-2
Erigrme episode 287 International Settlement incident
(1925) 371
smuggling
110-11,2173-4,2270
attempted supression after
growth of trade and society 389-90,
453
in Sino-Japanese war 406,2407 taken by Communists (1949) 438 decline as commercial centre and
exodus of entrepreneurs to HK 437-8,2452-3,2494-52Shanghai Communique! (1972) 472 Shantung 252, 366-7
Sharp, Granville and Matilda 380-I Shaw, Sir Run-Run 452
Shawcross, Sir Hartley 449, 4 5 2
Shek Kip Mei squatter camp 455, 456
Anglo-Chinese war 126-7 threat to trade 2 70, 2 7 4 gun-running (192os) 368 war supplies 409-1 o, 420 1950s trade embargo 452 present day 12
s. also customs service Snowden, Jll.rs 278
Social Science Association 238-9 social2welare 463,2478,2483 Society of Friends 398
Society for the Protection of Womer an:!
Girls (Po Leung Kuk) 304, 394 INDEX
Sohmen, Dr Helmut 5:12 South Africa 6, 24, 161, 284, 338, 346,
347, 36o, 365,2393 Southorn, Lord and Lady (Bella Woolf)
383-42
Spain 18, 28, 287, 325 Special Economic Zones 505 Spedding,James 230 Spelville, Bernard de 493 spice trade 27, 40, 175
spon 244-5, 304
Ssii-Yu Teng 9 Stalin,Joseph 378
Stanley, Edward see Derby Stanley, Oliver 424
Stanley (formerly Chek-chu) 137 Stanton, Revd. Victor and Mrs 219
Star Ferry Company 36o-1, 467-8, 498,
543
Staunton, Sir George 33, 6o, 184 Staunton, George Thomas 33, 6o steel 281,2318
Stephen, A. G. 368-9
Stephen, Sir James 7-8, 130, 147, 228,
229-302Stericker,John 417,2419 Stevenson, Sir Ralph 438 Stewan, Murray 349-50
Stilwell, Genera!Joseph 427, 428 Stimson, Henry 408
Stirling, Admiral Sir James 201, 204 Stock Exchange 523, 527 Stonecutters Island 225
Strachan, S. 245 Straits Settlement 190, 228, 390 see also Malacca; Singapore
strategic importance of HK 285, 292, 389,
409, 438, 453-4 Stuan, Leighton 438 Stubbs, Bishop 366 Stubbs, Sir Reginald
character and Governorship 365-6,
375
'Anti-Red' funding row 367-9, 372-3
strike-boycott issue 26g, 371
predicts loss of HK 3 86
lease of New Territories 330
Suez Canal 267, 276, 283-4, 450 sugar trade 27, 17 5 Summers,James 218, 219-20 Sun Wah hotel-brothel 393 Sun Yat-sen, Dr
student of College of Medicine 308
1895 attempted revolution 321, 335,
337-40 passim
1911 Kuomintang.coup 352-3, 356,
361-22
1917 Canton government 365, 367
1923 military regime 365, 367, 368
death 369
Sung dynasty 12-13, 328
Sung Hok P'ang 329 Superintendents of Trade 62-3, 64,
66-6g,272,2742
Supra Cargoes see Select Committee of Supreme Coun building 4, 299 Sutcliff, Commissioner Charles 492 Sutherland, Thomas 233-4, 235 Swaine,).). 517
Swatow 505
Sweden 28
Swi.fisure, H.M.S. 4321 Swire,John Kidston 500 Swire Group 495-6, 500, 523 Sykes, Colonel William 259 Symons, Mrs C. J. 4882Szechuan 26, 252
Szeto Wah 565
Taft, William Howard 345 Tahiti 288
Tai Hong Wai 329
Tai Miu Tin Hau temple 328 Tai Miu Wan Uoss House Bay) 328 Tai Tam 300 Tai-ping-shan 150, 3o6, 356 T'ai-tsung, Emperor 14 Taiping rebellion (1851-65)
causes 176
fighting 121, 153,2176-7,2189,2200,
203, 252, 291. 407
effects on HK 8, 214, 246 Taiwan see China, Republic of; Fonnosa Taku (Dago) 209 Taku fons action (1859) 118 Talien-wan (Liida; Dalien; Dalny) 317 Tam, Maria 529
Tam Achoy (fam Acai; Tam A-tsoi) 152 Tamar, H.M.S. 553
Tang clan 329
Tang, David 56o
Tang, Henry 556 Tang, P. Y. 452, 453
INDEX
Tanka people 328-9 Tientsin, Treaties of (1858/6o) 209, 225,
Tao-kuang (Daoguang), Emperor 228, 271-2, 316 reign 14, 42 Tiger's Mouth see Bocca Tigris
opium war and Nanking Treaties 1, 81,
102-3, 118, 120, 129, 175, 202a
Tikhvinsky, S. L. 6
509,a526,a539
and Hsii Chi-yii 176
death 188
Tirpitz, Admiral Alfred von J 16-17
Taotai Wu 356
Tartars suManchu
Taunton, Lord see Labouchere taxation
of first colonists 170-1, 185-6, 190 income tax in England 188 MacDonnell's reforms 218 attempts to tax alcohol 171-2, 364 modern system 403,461,489
Joint Declaration provisions 515-16 su also tea trade
Taylor, Edwin 403
Taylor, Sir Henry 114, 2 30 Taylor, Robert 54
Taylor, Theodore 348, 350, 363, 364 tea trade 2, 20, 47, 77, 97,.110, 161,286
demand in Britain 2 J
duties 59, 87, 110, 186 Tebbit, Norman (Lord) 528 Technical Institute 355
Ten T'ing-chen, Viceroy 78, 83 Terranovia case (c.1825) 43 terrorism
by Communists 469
Nationalist supporters in HK 446, 448, 456 tobacco 35, 364
Togo, Admiral, Count Heihachiro 388-9 Tokugawa Shogunate J 14
Tolo harbour J24
Tonkin 290
Tonking province 289 Topau case (c.1825) 43 torture 138,a165,a362 Tractarian Movement 220 trade and economy
17th-18th c., China and India 11-12, 18-22,a25-31,a32-3,a35-6
19th c.
commodities see clocks; cotton; opium; rhubarb; silk; spices; tea; woollens
China and India 20, 23, 27-31, 35-51a
Canton problems 50-3, 56, 58-61,
63, 71, 77-9, 146 agencies 52-4
free trade lobby 58-9, 77-8, 123-4 prelude to Anglo-Chinese wars
80-4,a89,a91-2,a95,a97,a98a1stwar and results 101,104, 110, 120-31 passim, 148, 161, 168
HK's early trade and free port 133-4,
138, 150, 158, 161-2, 167-8,
174-5
Select Committee inquiry and after
184-7,a190-1a
'Pig Trade' 218,347
new treaty ports 228
world trade 281-2, 318-19 guilds 247, 249
Chinese Customs Blockade and efforts to thwart regulation 266-76,a310aBritish-Chinese market 31 o, 314, 318-20
20th c. concern in HK for future 5o6-7 opium issue 348, 350, 362-5 damage done by 1926 strike-boycott
377
Thatcher, Margaret (Lady)
opinion of IIK 309, 520
access for HK businessmen 5 2 7
HK negotiations 495,503, 507-13,
517-18,a534
Thiers, Louis-Adolphe 193, 286 Thom, Robert 102, 130, 164, 286 Thomas, 2nd Lieutenant Osler 417 Thomas Cou/ls 96-7
Thomas Dent's 45
Thomsett, Captain 245
Thomson & Co. 241 Thomson,James 278, 279 Thornton, Ernest 458-9, 490 Thorpc,Jercmy 471 Tiananmen Square (1989) 523-35, 549,
551 Tibet 288, 393, 443
650 INDEX
trade and economy -20th c. -cont. racial discrimination in HK firms
385-62
decline 389, 390
boosted by 193os devaluation 403 post-war trade with China 445,
451-2,2460,2471,2473-4
influx of Shanghai taipans and industrialization 452-4, 458-9, 494-52
HK economic recovery and success
453,2459-65,2477 exploitation oflabour 458-61 British-Chinese trade 473-4 1970s economic policies 4 7 5, 477-852
recent commercial change and People's Republic stake in HK
Tung Chee-hua 558, 561 Tung Chung fon 329 Tung, C. Y. 452
Tung Tau squatter camp 454 Tung Wah Hospital
foundation 249-51, 2 55
health reforms 303-4, 305, 306 in 1920 strikes 369-70, 372
funding for intended coup (1925) 373 mui-tsaiissue 394
T'ung-chih (Tongzhi), Prince 314 T'ung-meng Hui (Revolutionary Alliance) 352-4, 356, 367
see also Kuomintang
Turkestan (now Sinkiang q.v.) 17 Turkey 88, 285
Twiss, Captain 242
Tz'u-hsi (Cixi), Dowager Empress 188,
209,2289,2314,2322,2338,2339,2348
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