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ILLUSTRATIONS
The French were in no doubt of the malevolent intentions of the Royal Navy in forcing opium upon the Chinese. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
The Dent schooner-rigged clipper
Eamont.
Section of a scroll depicting Pottinger's first expedition. Author's collection
Chief Justice Hulme dancing a hornpipe, sketched by Edward Cree. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. Rtproduad by ptrmission of Brigadier
C.H. Cree
Jardine Matheson's establishment at East Point, c.1845. Ma.n Gregory
Ch'i-ying's formal reception in Hong Kong, November 1845. Hong Kong Govmimmt Information Service (GIS)
Colonel Caine. GIS
A satirical comment on the loans raised to fund the Greek War of Independence, 1826. Reproduced by courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum
Chinese merchants' lorchas. Thomas Chisholm Anstey, M.P. The original fa(jade of Government
House. GIS
The interior of Government House in the 186os. GIS
The saloon of Flass, the Dent family
house in Westmorland. Author's
rollection
'The Parade at Hong-Kong', 1857. The Sepoy barracks in 1857.
Punch cartoon referring to the
destruction of the Summer Palace.
Kowloon Peninsula in the 1860s. A Chinese tea-room, c.186o. G/S Opium smokers, c.186o. Author's
collection
Sikh policemen with a Chinese culprit in
the stocks. GIS An Assistant Superintendent of Police gives instructions to a Sikh Constable. A performance ofH.M.S. Pinafore,
c.1880. GIS Superior British attitudes greatly annoyed the Chinese. G/S The Jardine Matheson Taipan's house,
c.1860. GIS Dent's Fountain and Beaconsfield Arcade, c.186o. GIS
View of Taipingshan. Wei/come Institute Library, London
The meeting between Li Hung-chang and Sir Henry Blake, 18July 1900.
G/S
The typhoon of 1906. GIS Chinese and British middle classes in
Stella Benson's Hong Kong. G/S
ILLUSTRATIONS
The Fanling hunt. G/S Japanese officers about to surrender,
August 1945. G/S Survivors of the Stanley camp, August 1945. G/S
Communist workers under arrest, 1967.
G/S
The Hong Kong seal. Courtesy of tht
Royal Hong Kong Poli.
Bamboo scaffolding is used for high-rise building. G/S
Hong Kong's waterfront in 1950. G/S The same view, forty years later. South China Moming Post
The colony in 1970. G/S
The same view in 1990. G/S
INDEX
Abahai, Prince su T'ai-tsung, Emperor Aberdeen, George Hamilton, 4th Earl 109, 116, 123, 124-5, 141, 149, 156, 159-6o, 167,2191,21982
Aberdeen Dock Co. 497
Adams, PresidentJohn Quincy 80 Admiralty 242,2284-5,2345
m also Royal Navy
Advisory Committee on Education in the
Colonies 402
Ameiy,2Leo 346,2376,2400,2425 Amethyst, H.M.S. 439, 511
Amherst, William Pitt, 1st Earl 41, 48, 98 Amoy 106, 107, 109,2121,2505 Anderson,James O'Gorman 383,2384 Andromache, H.M.S. 68, 70-1
Anglican Cathedral 13 6
Anglicans 219, 220, 3 79
Anglo-Chinese Wars
Afghanistan 393
Africa 282,318,349,358
A.G.B. McNair and Co. 521
first (1839-42)
97-8, 1302
116-17, 121
air power 388,410,411, 412-13 airliner incident (1952) 444
airport project 534
Akers-Jones, Sir David 561 Alabama 285
Albert, Prince Consort 108, 207 Albert Victor, Prince 276-7
Alcock, Sir Rutherford 199, 200-1, 238,
272
alcohol 171-2, 364
Alexander, A. V., 1 st Earl 4 3 9, 441
Alexandt:r Michael of Russia, Grand
Duke 299
Alfred, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh
244-52
Alice Memorial Hospital 308, 335
Alsager, Captain Richard 12 Amateur Dramatic Corps 245, 277, 304,
380
American community 46, 166, 221-3,
242,2278,2297,2444-8,24521 Canton action (1856-7), 204-5, 208
second (1858-6o) 7, 126, 204-5, 207,
208-9, 2112Anglo-Japanese Treaty (1902) 386-7,
388 Annam empire 289, 290 Anstey, Thomas Chisholm 212, 213-14,
221,2232 Anthony Gibb's 501 Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection
Society 398 Aoyama, Dr 302 Aqui's Theatre 152
Arabi Pasha revolt (1882) 284 Ardeme,John 34
Area Comlnittees 531, 542 Armenian community 380 armies
British see British Army
Canadian troops in HK defence 411-17
622 INDEX
annies -amt.
Canton Merchant Volunteer Corps 368
Chinese
19th C. 111, 117-19, 153,189,252, 289,e315
20th c. 363, 369
Kuomintang 119, 369, 376, 4o6-7, 413,e427,e443
People's Liberation Army 119,
406-7, 444,510, 51 I, 514, 524-5eEast India Company 57
French 19th c. 289
Hong Kong Volunteers 327, 412, 416, 420,e528
Indian
troops in HK and China 91, 104, 111,e295,e311,e365,e370
ISI WW 365
troops in defence of HK 411 17 Japanese 20th c. 406-7, 412-17
passim, 427
Armstrong, William, 1st Lord 224 A"ow incident (1856) 204-5, 223 Assam 20
Associated Press 44 7
Association for the Regeneration of China
(Hsing Chung Hui) 337 Astell, William and J.H. 66 Astor,JohnJacob 40
Astor, Lady Nancy 392
Attlee, Clement 430, 432, 440, 447 Auckland, George Eden, 1st Earl 67, 89,
103, 109, I 15, 135 Auden, W. H. 389-90
Australia 24, 168, 228-9, 292-3, 365,387 university places for HK Chinese 482 business links with HK 501
Australia and New Zealand Bank 234
Austria-Hungary empire 281 Ayres, Dr Phineas 255, 257, 263
Baker, H. D. R. 333
Balfour, Arthur, 1st Earl 318,e320,e322,
Merchant Corps affair (1924) 368
under Japanese occupation 420
freedom to operate 459, 462
recent HK developments 495, 497,
498-502e
concerns for future 504, 509
see also Bank of China; Hongkong and
Shanghai Bank Baptist Church 219 Barbados 27
Bardi, Comte de 299 Baring, Francis 184
Barker, General Digby 321, 36o Barnett, Correlli 387, 407
Barrow, Sir John 33, 106, HY], 113 Barrow, Martin 552
Bartlett, Ashmead 290-1
Basel Missionary Society 2 19 Baste Agreement ( 1968) 464 Bassilan, Mallet de 286, 288
Baynes, William and Mrs 48-50, 57, 77 Beach, Sir Michael Hicks 26o
Bear Stems 498
Beijing see Peking
Belcher, Captain Edward 105, 134 Belgium 281
Belilios, E. R. 311
Bell-Irving, Mr 312
Belloc, Hilaire 2 50 Bembridge, Sir John 5 12
Bengal 20,e22,e34,e37,e133, 190 Benson, Stella (Mrs Anderson) 383-4,
390,e393,e398 Bentham,Jeremy 7,e192,e257 Bentinck, Lord William 50, 115 Berger, Captain 327 Berkeley, Sir Henry 352 Berlin, Treaty of (1878) 285 Bermuda 499 Bernacchi, Brook 491 Bertie, F. L., 1st Lord Bertie ofThame
319
Bevin, Ernest 426, 430, 444
Bird, Isabella (Mrs John Bishop) 277, 278 Bismarck; Prince Otto von 28o, 288, 3 I 6
323,e324,e347
banking
Blachford, Frederick Rogers, Lord 2o6,
230
19th c. Black, Sir Robert 241, 46o-1, 465, 470,
Canton 52-3 476 1866 crisis 235-6 Black Flags 289 20th c. Blackwood, Captain 70 involvement in opium trade 362, 363 Blair,eJames 345
INDEX
Brenan, Sir J.F. 3o6, 376, 425
Blake, Edith, Lady 330
346,e359,e374
Bridges, Dr W. T. 213 Bridgman, Rev. E. C. 46-7, 246 Bright,John 205,e207,e272
Blewitt, R.J. 123
Board of Trade 266-7 Britain
Bocca Tigris (Tiger's Mouth; the Bogue) 16th-18th c. 12, 72, 96, 110, 111,180,287 home affairs 9, 41 Bodell, SergeantJames 244 trade and expansion 18-22, 25-8, Boer Wars (1880-1, 1899-1902) 6,e284, 32-3e
393 19th c.
73,e228-9,e284-5,e314
Bogue, the see Bocca Tigris
Bogue, Battle of the (1834) 71
Bogue, Treaty of the (1843) 125-31,
167,e210
China and India trade 23, 27-31,
trade
s. also Nanking Treaties Boletho, Captain 416
civil ser.ice 229-31
Bonham, Sir George
background and character I go, 192
as Governor 192, 196-7, 198-9, 213, 218
as Plenipotentiary 190,e191, 195-6,
201,e203
Bonin Islands 105 Boulcotts 168 Bowen,eLady 293,e386
Bowen, Sir George 292-4, 295-7, 298,
299,e309
Bowlby, Thomas 227 Bowring,eLady 214,e221,e223 Bowring, Sir John
background and character 7, 184,
192-4, 199,e221,e223,e252eSiam mission 199-200
on Select Committee 184, 186, 231 Canton Consulship and Plenipotentiary
192, 194-5, 196, 197-8, 201-2, 203-4e
responsibility for war 7, 122, 195, 205-6e
Governorship 198-9, 207,211,212, 221,e222-3,e225,e237,e242-3 reform measures 215-16, 218,224,
237,e258,e26o,e262,e265,e348
Boxer rising (1900) 8, 322, 338-9 Boycott Prevention Ordinance ( 191,) 161 Bradford, Dr James 46
Braga,Jose Pedro 382-3
Brassey, Sir Thomas and Lady 278
home affairs (to c.1846) 23-4, 51, 57,87-8,e115-16,144-5,159,178 industrialization 44-5, 281,319 relations with China and Napier mission 51-3, 59-75 opium issue and prelude to wars 76-8,e86,e87-91,e98-100e
wars with China su Anglo-Chinese wars
Treaty ofNanking (q.v.) and cession of HK 1o6-9, 113, 114-17, 122-6, 127, 130
directives for HK settlement 141-2, 143, 147, 159, 164-5, 171,219 Canton issue 178-9, 18o-1, 195-6, 197-8, 205-6e
home affairs (c.1846-70) 188, 189, 191,e205,e216,e248,e273 society 9, 144-5,e236-7
Peking embassy established 198, 209-10, 288econtinental affairs 225, 28o-1, 285-6 world trade 281-2, 318-19 Kowloon acquisition 225-7 prostitution issue 236, 262, 264 trade probleins and relations with
China 267-76 fHUsim, 290, 292, 310-11, 314, 318-20ehome affairs (c.1870-1900) 281, 282-5, 318,e319e
and French expansion 286-92, 294 colonial administration 307-8, 309,
310-11, 393e
Bray, Dr Jeremy 46o
Bremer, Commodore Sir Gordon 101,
and other colonial powers in Far East 287-8, 314, 315-21 fHUsim,
103,e110, 138 325-6e
INDEX
Britain -19th c. -amt. British nationality issue 4 7 4, 507, lease of New Territories 7, 8, 517,a526-9,542 321-7, 329-30 airport project 534
20th c. stt also Colonial Office; Foreign Office Canton-Kowloon railway concession British Army 344 19th c.
397,a43a1
'pig trade' 347-8
opium issue 348, 350-1, 362-4
Chinese Revolution 354-5
funding of University 357-8
effect of 1st WW 365
New Territories lease 366 Japan treaties and Washington
Conference 386-7, 407 m11i-1sai issue 394-8 HK constitution reform 399-400,
433-7, 439apre-ww2Japanese threat 407-10 ww2 and loss of HK 409, 410-12, 414-17,a427
post-war problem of HK 422, 423-30,a434-7,a438-42,a444aloss of colonies and world power 442,a453 recognition of People's Republic
446,a448 Korean War 446-7 relations with USA 447-51, 5o6,
509-10, 542a
reduced strength after Napoleonic
wars 91
Anglo-Chinese wars 91, 97, 101-4, llO-ll,all6-17a
weaporuy and training 111, u8-19, 250
established in HK 136, 139, 144, 16o, 162, 169
Canton expeditions (1847) 179-80;
(1857) 2o8, 209 deserters 221
social life for troops 244, 261-3, 265 Cardwell reforms 282-3
HK garrison and duties 291, 295, 302,a311
HK Volunteers and New Territories acquisition 327, 345
in Boxer rising 339
20th c. garrison affairs 345, 370, 371, 469 2nd WW and fall of HK 409, 411-17, 420 British Army Aid Group in China 420 post-war strengthening of garrison
CAT! affair 448-9
laissez-fairt policy towards HK 454, 1956 riots 457 458, 459, 46o, 464 reduced presence today 4, 453
464-5a
British and Chinese Corporation 344 British Communal Council 418-19
moves towards HK self-government 465-6,a477,a518-23aresponse to 1966/67 riots 471 improved relations with China 471-4, 477, 532
trade with China 473-4 university places for HK Chinese
482
HK corruption issue 490-1 banking ventures 499-501
return of HK to China 503-43 flllSsim Joint Declaration and Basic Law
513-20, 523-33 flllSsim, 56o recent moves towards democracy 518-23, 535,a542; uealso electoral reform
British Nationality Act (1981) 517, 526-9 Brockway, Fenner (Lord Brockway) 5u Brooke, Sir James 199-200 brothels set prostitution
Brougham, Herny, 1st Baron 126
Brown, George (Lord George-Brown)
477
Brown, Revd. Samuel 153 Brown, Thomas (Maritime Customs
Service) 275 Bruce, Frederick 157, 164, 209, 225,
226-7aBryce,James 347 Buchanan, PresidentJamcs 222 Bulmer-Thomas, lvor 435 Burgess, Claude 461
INDEX
Burma 17,284,e289,314,e393,e409,427,
434
Burrel, Colonel 102 Bury, Lord 291 Butler,Josephine 264
Butler, Sir Neville 425 Butterfield and Swire 3 56, 496
Caine, Sydney 403
Caine, Colonel William 133, 148, 150,
164,211,e232,e258,e262 Caithness, Lord 540, 545 Calcutta 19, 40, 41, 52, 54 Caldecott, Sir Alexander 385, 403 Caldwell, Mrs 212,379
Caldwell, Daniel 164, 212-13, 232,
239-40,e273,e379eCaldwell & Brereton 273 Cambodia 290, 5 I o
Cambridge, George, Duke of 281, 282,
296
Cameron, Nigel 468, 493 Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry 347 Camperdown, Lord 325
Canada 24,e249,e365,e412,e482 Canning, George 2 3
Canning, Stratford 206 Cantlie,eJames 338
Canton
early history and trade 8, 12, 13, 20, 23, 26-8, 30
19th c.
opium trade (q.v.) and problems 35-6,e38-42,e45,e47-62,e77-9, 84-7,e89,e92,e97, 146e
Napier Mission 68-71, 74-5
opium prohibition and 1st Angl<rChinese war 84-7, 89, 92,
97, 104, 107, 110-12, 121 interdiction of British 97, 126, 133, 156, 180, 191, 194-6, 198, 201-3 after HK settlement 133, 138, 148, 156, 161, 175, 225
Compton case and Davis raid
176-82, 202e
1857 attack 205, 208, 222 Taiping revolt exodus 246
in trade dispute 268, 274-5 plague outbreak (1e894) 302,e305,
306
Ho-Ch'ie-Sun Yat-sen conspiracy 337,e341-2 20th c.
assassination of governors (1910) 36o
1911-12 Revolution 352, 354-5
Canton-Kowloon railway 344, 408,
481
in 1920s power struggle 365, 367-9,
371-3,e376-7,e378
bombing and capture by Japanese
408-9e
fall to Communists (1949) 438, 444 Canton Insurance Society 5 2 Canton Merchant Volunteer Corps
368-9e
Canton Miscellany 46 CantonPress 46, 137-8e
Canton Register {later Hong Kong Register
q.v.) 46, 7 4, 79, I 39, 140, I 69 Cape Colony 309 Cardwell, Edward, 1st Viscount 184, 229,
246, 282-3 Camarvon, Henry Herbert, 4th Earl 229,
238,e239,e263,e274-5,e296 Cater, Sir Jack 433, 492
Cathay Pacific Airlines 496, 500 Cecil, Revd. Lord William 357-8 Cecille, Captain 287
Central district 5, 496
Cha, Louis 529
Chadwick, Osbert 257-8, 299, 300 Chailley-Bert, Joseph 290
Chamber of Commerce 269-70, 274, 275,297,e307,310,325,326,345 Chamberlain, Sir Austen 400 Chamberlain, Joseph 232,312,318, 338,
340,e341,e343,e393 Chan, Anson 532, 554, 560 Chan Chak, Admiral Sir 426
Chan Lau, Dr Kit-ching 336, 354, 362,
377,e381
Chan Yuen-han 537
Chang Ming-ch'i 353
Chao, T. Y. 452
Chapdelaine, Abbe 208
charities 485-6
Charles I of England, King 19, 25,118
Charles II of England, King 19
Charles X of France, King 288
Chartered Mercantile Bank 249-50
Chater, Sir Paul 297,311,e312,e321,355
Chefoo Convention (1876) 275-6
Che-hung, Dr Leung 537
Chek-chu (noJP Stanley) 137
INDEX
Ch'cn Chiung-ming 367
Ch'cn Lien-po 368, 422
Ch'cn Shao-pai 335
Cheng Kai-nam 529
Cheng Kuan-ying 250 Chennault, Claire 448, 449 Cheong, Dr John 54, 55 Ch'eung Chau island 36o Cheung Ying-Jun, Inspector 494 Chia-ch'ing Oiaqin), Emperor 18 Chiang Ching-kuo 505 Chiang Kai-shek, Madame 426-7, 443 Chiang Kai-shek, Marshal 376-7, 406-7,
413,2423,427-30,2438,443,445 Ch'ien-lung (Q!anlong), Emperor 14, 17,
32-3,242,298 Ch'i Kung (Qi Gong), Viceroy 126 child marriage, slavery, concubinage 253,
Canton-Kowloon railway concession 254, 304, 397, 398
ue also mui-tsai
China
17th-18th2c.
history 14-17, 32-3, 328-g
civil service 16-17
rule of the Emperor 9-1 o
trade 11-12,220,23,25-7,35-6 19th c.
culture 10, 42, 248, 250, 253-4, 308,2394
internal problems 73, 188-9, 252, 289, 313-14, 322,2327, 338-9; see also Boxer revolt; Taiping revolt
trade (to c.1842) 27-31, 40, 44-5, 50-4, 71, 77, 83, 106; see also Canton; opium; silk; tea
political relations with British 51 -2, 59-63,268-73,276-9,289-92,298-9, 3932
and with French 286-go, 314
wars with Britain see Angl<r-Chinese wars; armies; navies
cession of HK 1-2, 7, 73, 104-9, 120-8, 130, 175; seeals0Nanking Treaties
trade and industry issues (c.1842-1900) 168, 172-3, 191, 200-1,2250,2268-76,2310,2318-202
Canton issue 156, 175-81, 191, 197-8,2201-2,207-9,22252
Peking embassies and inter-government relations 198, 209-10,2228,2267-9,22902
coolie emigration trade 21 8 Kowloon ccs'sion 224-7 gambling 237,2239
banking ventures 234, 236 modernization and emergence as
world power 252, 272, 292,
313-14, 3152
war with France 290-2
wars withJapan 6, 289, 314-16, 322,2405
concessions to colonial powers 3 14, 316-21, 324
lease of New Territories 321-7 passim, 329-30
Sun Yat-sen conspiracy 335-42
passim
20th c.
anti-American protests 345
opium issue 348, 362
1911-12 Revolution and Republic 352-5, 36o2
HK University and American universities in China 355, 357, 359
'Second Revolutio11' (1913) and 192os power struggle 361-2, 365, 367-9,2371-2,2377-8,2392,23992
New Territories lease 366
Kuomintang rule seeKuomintang
rise of Communist Party 369,2377
anti-British fervour and suppor for
HK strikers (c.1925) 371-2,
375-7,23892
international relations 387, 393,
409 trade 389
mui-tsaiissue 394, 397
Sino-Japanse war (1932/37) and
internal unrest 404, 405, 4o6-7 renunciation of silver standard 403 post-war diplomacy on HK 422-30
passim, 437, 438-9
American support for Nationalists and world status 423, 424, 426-7, 428-9,2437,24432
see also China, People's Republic;
China, 'Republic of(Taiwan)
China Air Transport Inc. (CATI) 448-9
China Association 191, 265, 3og-10, 319,357,2434.
INDEX
China Club 561 continued recognition of 443, 446, China International Trust and Investment 471-2; stt also Chiang Kai-shek Corporation (CITIC) 496 tanker (1951) and warplane (1955)
China Mail 140,e355,e491 incidents 449
university places for HK Chinese 482China Merchants' Steam Navigation Co.
trade and economy 499, 505 refortn under Chiang Ching-kuo 505
China National Aviation Company
(CNAC) 496
China, People's Republic established in Beijing 441
claim to and relations with HK 12 5,
441, 444-6
international recognition 443-6, 450-1 Korean war 446-7
CA 11 affair 448-9 relations with People's Republic 510,
531,e554
view oflegitimacy of HK lease 125 compared to HK 2
stt also Kuomintang China Resources Co. 496 Chinese community
19th c.
first set:'Jers in HK 136, 137, 139, 141,e144, 150,e152-4, 163-5 exclusion from government and
Hundred Flowers Blooming Campaign
(1956) 466,e517 Great Leap Forward (1958) 466-7 Cultural Revolution 5, 176, 444, 466-7,e471,e517e
response to 1966/67 riots 470-1 recognition by USA and admission to
UN 471-3,e477,e505,e510
relations with Russia 506
relations with Britain 471-4, 477 trade 445,e45e1-2,e46o-1,e47e1-4,e477,
506, 523, 533
business stake in HK 494-9 passim, 523,e531
university places for HK Chinese 482 recent political change 5, 466-7, 504,
510, 531-2, 540
Tiananmen Square 523-35 measures to redress 153-4, 161, 216-18, 246-8
registration and tax 170-1, 18 5-6, 215, 306-8
schools 187, 221
European attitude to 165-6, 243, 245-7,e253-4,e258-6o,e278-9, 3o4-5
wives and mistresses of Europeans 212,e220
access to professions 218, 219, 234,
246-7,e26o-1,e297,e305etestimonial to Bowring 222-3
rise of trading firms 235, 246 gambling 237,e239-41 population 137, 253, 309,311 growing recognition of 243, 245-7,
relations with Taiwan 510,531
253,e256-7,e26o,e297,e3og, 311-12,e330
passim
Joint Declaration and Basic Law 513-20,e523-33,e560
legitimacy of HK lease questioned 73, 81,e125-6,e474,e503-7
HK as Special Administrative Region
533
HK airport project 5 3 4 reactions to Patten 539-40
m also Communist Party of China
China, Republic ofe(Taiwan) founded by Sun Yat-sen 335 established in Taiwan 442-3
claim to HK and support therein 125, 442,e445-7 medical practices and sanitation 248-51,e254-5,e300-3,305-6,e308
housing and landlords 254-5, 258,
300-3
British citizenship 297
New Territories 327-9, 331-3, 36o Sun Yat-sen conspiraq�P 335-42
20th c. Peak district exclusion 342-3 anti-American demonstrations 345-6eChinese Revolutions and power struggle 353-4,e360,e361,e367, 369
628 INDEX
Chinese community2-20th c. -amt. Ch'i-san (Kishen), Governor 81, 103,
reactions to HK University 356-7, 104, 110, 114.
359 Ch'i-yng (Keying; Qjying), Marquis
tramways boycott (1912) 36o-1 background and character 120, 131,
192os strike-boycott 369-73 continued discrimination 3 78-82,
Nanking agreement 122, 126, 127-g,
385--6, ,p8, 419,2421 moves to involve in government 361,
399-401, 479--So prostitution and rmu-tsai issue
3go--8 passim in police force 4,2214,2381, 400,
48cr94 refugees from China 392,2404,
437-8,2445,24562population 399, 436-7, 445, 478, .So
under Japanese occupation 416-17,
420--2, 43 I, 432 after Japanese surrender 432, 433 more access to official posts 433-7 squatter camps and riots 454-5,
456-7, 4782
housing and health 401, 438, 445,
456-7, 463-4, 478-85 exploitation of labour 458--62 1966-67 riots 467-72 131, 176
Canton Imperial Commissioner 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 18o, 181, 187, 195
and French 287 ticile 203
Cho Yau-tak, Viceroy 329 cholera 299-300 Cbomley, Francis 234, 235 Chou En-Lai 176
Chow Liang Shuk-yee, Selina 539, 556 Christianity 176
s. also Church of England; Church of
Scotland; missionaries; religion Ch'uen-pi 94-5, 104--'7, 1og--10 Chung, Sir S. Y. 513
Chunking 407
Church of England 219,2220,379 Church Missi2Society 219, 220
onary
Church of Scotland 219
Churchill, Sir Wmston
education and univemty training
at Colonial Office 347, 349, 395,
396
social security 483--6 recognition of Chinese as official language 488-g
growth of Chinese business 452-3, 494-500
reaction to Tiananmen Square 524-52
interests and views on HK's return to China 5og--11, 515-16, 520--8, 526; s. also electoral reform British citizenship issue 474, 507, 517,2526-g
emigration 533-4 Chinese Customs Blocbde 268-76 Chinese Passengers Act (1855) 218 ChinLMRepository 46, 51, 1o6
Chinese Representative and Co-operative Councils 422
Ch'ing dynasty 13, 14-16, 19, 26, 18tJ, 250,2252,2328,2335,2339,2352-3, 457
Ching, Frank 522 Chinnery, George 243 as Chancellor 387-8
2nd WW and fall of HK 410--11, 412, 414, 415-16
determination to retain HK 427, 430, 456
post-war government 439, 450, 456, 509
in opposition 446 Chusan
in 1st Anglo-Chinese war 95-6, 102, 104, 107, 108-g, 110
choice as British possession 1, 105, 107, 123, 124, 16o, 327
rumour of French acquisition 16o CIA 447-8
City Hall and Theatre 4, 245
civil and human rights 5o6, 515, 524--6, 533,2542
sa ako Chinese community; electorial reform
civil service
British 229--31,2266-7,2381,2402 Chinese 16-17, 230, 268-9
INDEX
Hong Kong
19th c. 231,o232,o337,o379
20th c. 402, 403, 404, 431-3, 480, 482,o528, 5H
Indian 381
set aho government Clague, Sir Douglas 496-7
Clarendon, George Villiers, 4th Earl 113,
191, 193, 1g8, 199,o202,205,211
Qark Kerr, Sir Archibald 409
Clark, us Ambassador 438
Clarke, Quarter-Master General Sir Andrew 295
Clarke, Sir Ashley 424, 42 5 Oementi, Sir Cecil
background and character 332,o374 Governorship 192,o309, 358-9,
374-5,o378,o390o20th c.
and Lugard 349, 355, 357
HK matters (to c.1927) 3H, 345-6, 350,o351,o364,o372,o373,o375,o392 and Clementi 390, 400
policy differences with Foreign
Office 376, 476
limitations of power 399-400 pre-ww2 Japanese pressure 408 post-war policy on HK 425, 426,
434,o4-41,o455-6,o46o,o464 viewed as temporary post by politicians 453
renamed Commonwealth Relations Office and merger with Foreign Office 476
HK affairs (to c.188o) 221, 240-1, 249,o254,o255,o259,o260
friction with MacDoMell 238, 253,
HK badge 241
New Territories lease 330
strike-boycott issue 376, 377, 500 259,o268
and Sargent 296
constitutional refonn 399, 400, 401
Cleverly, Charles 157
climate and weather 11, 16o, 255 clocks and watches 38, 40 Cobden, Richard 205, 207 Cochin China 289, 290 Cochrane, Admiral Thomas, Lord
Dundonald 64, 182
Cohong guild (Kuang-hang) 27-8, 38,
53
coinage 233, 360-1
College of Medicine 308,o335, 355-6 Collinson, Lieutenant Bernard 169, 177 Colomb, Sir John 284-5
Colonial Office
19th c.
establishment of HK 143, 150, 16o,
further HK matters (to c.1900) 266, 277,o301,o311,o338,o343 Commonwealth Relations Office (formerly Colonial Office q.v.) 476 communications 267,o325, 36g Communism
early development in HK and China 365,o367,o371,o375-6,o378
us crusade against 437, 4-41, 4-47, 45o
Communist Party of China
rise to power and civil war 36g, 3 7 I,
377,o406,o423,o426,o427,o437 Shanghai business driven to HK 4 5 2 defeat of Kuomintang 428,o437,o438 closure of HK border 4 3 8
470,o521
165
Secretaries and civil servants c.1855-66 191, 229-30, 231,o239, 381oresponsibilities and delegation 228-9,o266,o272,o284o
HK affairs (to c.188) 221, 240-1, 249,o254,o255,o259, 26o
friction with MacDonnell 238, 253, 259,o268
and Sargent 2g6
further HK matters (to c.1 goo) 266, 277,o301,o311,o338,o343
business investment in HK 495-6, 524 stt also China, People's Republic Community Chest 485
Compagnie des lndes 28
compradores 153-4, 171,o250,o453 Compton, Charles 167, 178 concubinage 253, 254
Confucius and Confucianism 10,o237 Cong-San Dan (later Vietminh; Vietcong)
400 Connaught, Duke of 299 Connaught Road 299 Consoo fund 38, 53
630 INDEX
Contagious Diseases Act (1867) 262,
264-5, 391, 392
Conventions of Peking (186o/g8) 125 Cook, Robin 56o
Cornwallis, George, 1st Marquis 22 Coma,a//u,HM.S. 117,120,122 corruption
Canton merchants (pre-2oth c.) 29-30,232,238,248,250-12China 314, 336, 362
HK police 262, 266, 279, 421, 468, 481)-94
amongst junior officials (pre-ww2) 382,2404,2418,2421
under Japanese occupation 421 China under Kuomintang regime 427, 443,2452
post-WW2 to today in HK 2, 468,
48cJ-94, 554
Standing Committee on Corruption
490
Independent Commis.Yon Against
Corruption (ICAC) 492-3, 542 cotton trade 27, 40, 44, 47, 77,319 Courten, Sir William 25, 27 Cowper's 497
Cowperthwaite, Sir John 46o-3, 471,
477 Cox,James 40
Coxon, Atwell and Louisa 277
Cradock, Sir Percy xv, 505, 511-13, 525, 530,2535-6,2540,2547,2549-51 Craigie, Sir Rohen 4o8, 410,412 Cranborne, Rohen Cecil, Lord 425,
426
Crawford, Norman 4()8 Crawfurd,J. 58 Cree, Surgeon Edward 122, 182 Creech Jones, Arthur 426, 436
Cricket Oub and cricket 244, :z45, 304, 38o, 382, 470
crime
in early colony 162-6, 213, 214-15 punishments 165-6, 194, 215, 218,
236, 253-4, 258-6o
in wake of Revolution 354, 36o Crocker Nationzl Bank 501 Cross-Harbour Motor Tunnel 496, 497 Crossman, Sir William 294-5
Crowdy, Dame Rachel 384
Crown A.nts 464
Crown Colony status 147, 16o, 311-u, 399, 434, 465, 472-4, 477
s. also Dependent Territory status Crown Lands Resumption Ordinance (188g) JOI
Cultural Revolution 5, 176, 444, 466-7,
471,2517
Cumming, Mrs Gordon 277,2301,2401 Curnsingmoon 185
Cunliffe-Lister, Sir Philip 402 Cunynghame, Captain Arthur 161)-70 Cunon, George, Marquis of Kedkston
299,2320,2366,2368,2388,2425 customs service
arran.ments after 1st Anglo-Chinese war 126-7, 129
establishment of Chinese Customs Service see Maritime Customs Service
New Territories lease 326
efforts to tax alcohol and tobacco 3 64 Sun's claitns on Maritime Customs
revenue 368
allocation ofBritish passports 528
D' Aguilar, Major-General Charles
179-So, 181, 182 Daily Tekgroph 509 Dairy Farm 279,2496
Daogang, Emperor see2Tao-kuang Davidson, W. S. 56
Davidson (lakr Dents q.v.) 52, 56 Davis, Sir John
background and character 65, 155-6, 170, 176, 192
Napier tmSfilon 43-4, 45, 55-6, 65, 68, 6g, 73-4, 146
Governorship 74,2155, 156, 151)-6o, 163, 166, 170, 192, 219 constitution of HK 148, 167, 171-2, 185
in 195os/66 riots 457, 467-70 murder rate today 3
other duties 156, 162, 176, 177, 178,
s. also corruption; extra-territoriality Canton raid 179-81, 202 issue; smuggling resignation 182-3 Crimean War (1854-6) 116, 191, 209, Davitt, Michael 338 225 De Q�gincey, Thomas 35
INDEX 63s1
Deane, Walter 294 Deep Bay 324 defence
19th c. provisions 137, 224, 294-5, 296,O310,O321
20th c.
Washington Treaty tenns 387, 388 ww2 and Japanese victory 411-17, 418
post-war considerations 438 joint Angl<HJs responsibility 451 see also British Army
Delano, Warren, 424
Deng Xiaoping 473, 495-6, 505, 508,
517,O524,O554 Denmark 19,O280
Dent, Sir Alfred 309-10 Dent, John 242
Dent, Lancelot 55-6, 77, 84, 85, 86, 92, 135, 144, 146, 153
Dent, Thomas 56 Dewey, Thomas 44 7
Dickens,OCharles 145,O194,O242,O248 Diocesan Native Female Training School
220
Director of Medical and Sanitary Services 401
disease
malaria in I st Anglo-Chinese war 104 among first colonists 138, I 5 1, 159-6o,O179-8o,O261
in Army and Navy (c.1850) 244,261,
263
venereal disease 261-5, 391-2 1883 cholera epidemic 299-300 1894 plague 302-3, 305-6
Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield opinion of Aberdeen 1 16
and Pope Hennessy 256
foreign affairs 205, 283, 284, 285 governments 256,O281,O283
District Officers 542
Dent, Wilkinson 55-6, 77, 85, 92, District Watch Force 247
Donald, W. H. 355
Donovan, 'Big Bill' 448 Douglas-Home, Sir Alec 473
Dowager Empress ue Tz'u-hsi Downing, Dr C. T. 53, 64
Dragonair 496
Drew, Edward 276
du Cann, Edward 491
Dulles,John Foster 443,O450 Duncan-Sandys, Baron Edward Sandys
46o Dundas, Henry, Viscount Melville 21,
36 Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl 64 Dunn, Lydia, Baroness 452-3, 521, 5261
528,O530,O545,O560 Dutronquoy, Gaston 140
East India companies su Compagnie des
lndes; Honorable East India
Company; United East India
CompanyEast Lanes Regiment (59th Foot) 221,
244
East Point 163
Eastern Colonial Service 3 7 4, 381
Eastern Harbour Tunnel 496 Economist 167, 197,O481, 534 economy ue trade and economy
Dent's (formerly Davidson) foundation 52,O55-6
established in HK 133-4, 140, 146-7,
151,O174,O197 address to Elgin 209
Hongkong Bank flotation 233-4, 235 demise 235
Dependent Territory status 477
Derby, Edward Stanley, 14th Earl 116, 122, 159, 191, 197, 205, 209, 281 Derby, Edward Stanley, 15th Earl 274, 295
Des Voeux, Sir William 293, 298-9, 301, 3o3
development of HK
1841-1900 3-4, 134-8, 139, 141-2, 149-50, 169,O299O
Kowloon and New Territories 4-5, 223,O321,O344-5,O378,O480-1 Chinese high-density 254-5, 258, 300-3,O438,O445,O478Oindustrialization 369
Government housing programme (195os) 455-6; (1970s) 477, 478-85O
newOtowns 4-5,O48o-1
recent projects 4-5, 48o-1, 497 Devonshire, Duke of, and 'Devonshire Declaration' 393, 396
632 INDEX
electoral reform 19th c. 309 inJapan 405
post-ww2 to 197os 434-5, 436, 441, 458, 465-7, 47e1
recent and current moves 5 1 1 -19,
535-43,e546-53,e555-7eelectronics industry 453
Elgin, Thomas Bruce, 7th F.arl 207 Elgin.James Bruce, 8th Earl 114, 157,
207-8,e209,225,e227e
Elibank, Arthur Mwny, 3rd Viscount 451
Eliot, Sir Charles 358
Ellenborough, Edward Law, 1st F.arl 50, 51,e107, 141
Elliot, Adiniral Sir Charles
family and background 66-7, 89, 146 Napier mission 66
78, 79, 82-3, 146
Eden, Sir Anthony, Earl of Avon 424,
449,e450,e510
Eden, Emily 112, 115, 193-4 Edger.John 190
education
19th c. schools 187,e219,e221, 3o8 founding of University 355-9
in China 359 DepanmenteofEducation 402 Advisory Committee on Education in
the Colonies 402
under Japanese 421
moderniution and funding 402, 46o-4, 468,e477, 478-9, 481-2, 485
Joint Declaration provisions 515 Egypt 283-4, 288, 393
Eisenhower, President Dwight 450-1 Eitel, Dr 170, 182, 220, 228, 241, 255,
Eldon, David 557 245-7, 253-4, 258-6o, 278-9,e
303,e304-5,e330,e378-9epopulation 137,253,309,311 social pursuits 242-5, 304, 342 brothels for 262-5; s. also
prostilUtion
visitors' comments on 276-9 housing segregation 301-2
20th c. Peak district reservation 342-3, 378 Lady Lugard's attempts to improve
349
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