1991-01-29 — Page 28

十八國民中

育教 日四十月二十年午庚腦要

h

ANAL

和火山,

1991 中學會考預習專欄

明德出版社

MILL & DALE PRESS

Geography (18) -

Natural hazards

報日僑華

二期星一日九廿月一( 一九九一年十八國民華中( 28 )

d) river channel jammed by ice.

e) sudden change of gradient.

→ sudden reduction in slope th

( Huahei Pingyuan.

frequent change of river. channels..

its

Huang He has changed course: over 20 times in the past..

g) absence of any large lake.

in 1947,build a 'staircase' of 46 huge multi-purpose dams along the Huang He..

most of the dams are on the middle "course.

also involve construction of

diversion

channels, retention

Takes.. afforestation and soit conservation programmesSa

blizzard

designed:

transport

Natural

Process

Disastor

hazard

Precaution

tand

contro!

Haturst

Process

"Disaster

Precaut Ion

and

hazard

control

earthquake landslide

-precise,

typhoon):

very strong ring

loss of..

dotecting

tropical: wind.

He and

system

atome..

hurricane

oforrential'

rain

property

事

eoarthquake

werning.

flooding

damage to

buildings

and crops

{"cold.

weather. stopping of transport 1.avalanche

· systems: strongly constructed buildings

•warning

system specially

Geomor

•tsunamis

*landslide, blocking of afforesta

phologt-rockslide, transport

tion

slumping -toss of

$ite and

-levetting

steep slopes

(3) Effects

property

volcanic

aruption

routes"

F. Chan

drought.

*Sol

crops and Livestock

conservation

-Irrigation

fire:

=controlled"

*fan!ne

:grazing.

soli.

Biologi | ដន រឺ

disease, pests, Infesta~ Hon.

araston

*1000.

contrat

Meteoro

transport

logical

Joss 01

(A)'Causes of and human responses to

natural hazards

(1) environmental resources..

natural resources refer to those parts of the natural environment that people find them useful...

e.g. climate, vegetation.i

soil,

are

extreme

stopping of construction

crops and

Elvestock

tamine

heavy

flood

•loss of

crops

•lands/Ide

dykes and retention.

construction

of dams,

loss of Life and

property. tina

-loss-of

ide and Livestock +destruction

of crops

warning and detecting. system

•planting of disease. resistant

species

vaccination'

"pesticides

(3) human responses and adjustments to

hazards..

for people living in hazard-prone basic areas,adjustment is a response of human survival.

trying to predict them."

trying to reduce the damage they cause.

(4) disaster

desaster recovery..

dykes and

trying to prevent them.

retention

·Takes

tornado, every strong swaroing- hallstorm wind

systen

loss of iffe and: property

| whindranco

of

*warning: systém

transport lov

of natural.

•frost:

crops

(2)-environmental risks

natural hazards natural events which perceived by people as risks to Life and property.

there are human-induced hazards

·which are caused by the misuse.or over-utilization,

resources: by mari.

sometimes: human activities have made existing natural hazards

worse.

美有限,報名從速!

斿新境界!

lead to

Human activity.

行社查詢

烏行社牌阻號碼,350715

HARRUAR 1 350042

259241, 7700111

旅行社

8瓶)

西西蘭$4960 澳洲、$4900 達哥车 $3630 部書 $4356 要威夷$2550

老道8A-10號

打銀行樓上)

7703392

3320320

over-grazing.

devegetation,

tion,

Tumbaring

over-

cultivation

urbanization

·Fadustri's | |-

zation.

building and

construction

careless

burning

and fine

Cultivation

of crops

using tertilizers.

cultivation.

In marginal

areas

sol erosion, drought

visibility *damage to | "covering

crops with

plastic and

polythane.

sheets *greenhouses'

Human-aduced hazard.

(B) An example

floods and droug

in the Huang He Basin.

(1) Introduction"

Tooding.

soff cerosion landslide

sol erosion, tamino,

so exhaustion of

depletion

Pollution,

unbalanced ecosystem,

extinction of plant

and animal species,

Fexhaustión ot.

resources.. climate.chango

Handslidoj

devegetaties

fextthatlin of plant

and animal species,

unbalanced ecosystem,

pollution,

deforestation

pollution,

solf depletion; disasses, pasts.

desart ancroachment,

deserttilcation,

climatic change

購收租舖

張機票 昨效期

300

天祥

271 9751

特征人20 鐡定加幅

16天1000

82

1000~1300

2700-3280

1000

600-1700 1000-1700 500-1500

1000-1500

400-500

500-800

收均

地產 番客查得價供

九龍上海街136 號閣樓 7802293-4 九龍旺角上海街346 號 地下 7709918(假日照常)

North

Loess Platenu

-China

emergency actions:

a) basic requirement for people.

rescue and medical operations. c) safety.

d) social order..

restoration:

a): return of refugees:

b) basic infrastructure.

reconstruction

a) long-term basis.

b) pre-disaster planning..

c) strategies are improved, e.g. pengineering: and technological

devices..

in China to

is

Lung, and drain an area

750,000 km which is, inhals

over 100 million people.

Location of the Month China Plain and Loess Plateau

17 Huang Her Basin

Beijing.

The North China Plain hás attracted derise L'''farming settlements because of low-lying. relfef, cheap water transport. loss of life and property, crap failure, spread of diseases i local famine.

(4) Causes

Gaoyuan)

of drought in..... Huangtu

Tow annual rainfall below 380 mm Cand

and highly variable. unreliable (100 mm in-a year).

-high rate of evaporation, because

of high summer temperature, hot? dry wind,low relative humidity and deforestation: (loss .of vegetation cover)

(5) Effects

foss of fertile land:for farming. widespread famine.

(6) human responses

- Huang. He multi-purpose scheme.

a) Introduction

b)

E3 extreme ovents.

1 loads

droughts

Az Bi

c) Benefits: and

Aims and measures adopted in the Huang He Project.

AIMS

1. Flood control

"

-to remove the danger.

of flooding by flood protection measures along the channels: and on the flood.. Plains

2: Irrigation

Bo Hol

Kal Yang

Huang He Basin

deposit and alluvium

City

• Dyka.

Basin boundary.

(2) Causes of floods

a) great wearability in the amount

of rang fall

- heavy stimmer rains.

- snowmelt.

b) high silt content

— deforestation

and careless

farming activitie severe soil erosion.

高價收購

不交吉樓交吉亦可 全幢分層或一批樓 舖大小更佳即成交 中港投資公司

78989288) 彌敦道 355 號胡肶生行 2006室(滙豐總行側 )

博覽旅遊 布吉

Huon)

loosened materials are washed

into the .Huang He,

heavy deposition raisés

the

river bed.

high discharge,

water may

spill over the natural fevees..

e):winding river. course:

m gentle river chamel, water

moves slowly,

財團收購 無不交吉樓 舖及交吉樓! 致利地產 7702561-3 油膜地上海街287號F地下

없고

to redo the

droughts of crops

generation

4. Navigation in lovar at

middle courses

5. Soll conservation catchment arba B loess region to say achieve flood abatement

JB R

problems.

annual precipitation

Time tyears!

environmenta

:flood prevention.

increased farm yfelds. Tengthened growing season. development of marginal Mandso

electrification. mechanized farming:: fresh-water fish farming: save time in navigation. check soil erosion. Findustrial development.

silting of rese

reservoirs.

increased use of fertilizers leading to stream pollution. Interference with river: transportation.

upsetting local ecosystem- and micro-climate.

.Measures adopted

(a) Dams 146 main dams), flood: retention.

reservoirs and desilting" basins are constructed along the main river and some tributaries:

to regulate channel flow and hence check discharge. A

to retain flood water/to store excess water

to retain silt, hence reducing the voluis

or sediment load carried, downstream to the i floodplains lower course

{b} Embankments in thic tower course are.

reinforced.

(c) Dykes, levees and banks are strengthened to.

prevent breaching..

(d) Meandering river courses are straightened to

quicken channel flow.

(e) Flood diversion projects are developed:

- flood distribution projects.areconstructed.

spillways are constructed to collect overspi1...

(f) River, beds and mouth are dredged.

(a) Flood retention reservairs are constructed to

store excess water behind dans;

they provide regulated and reliable water

Supply for irrigation.

Hence farming can be improved,

(b) Canals are constructed to lead away water to

•fields: for: Irrigation..

(a) Dams, are constructed to regulate channel, flow

for H.E.P. generation.

(b) Three major dams are Sanmen Gorge. Bam, Liujia

Gorge Dam and Longyeng Gorger Jan.

-Channel flow is regulated to enable cheap

watar transport by river,

(a) Exposed slopes are protected by afforestation

vand grassing.

(b) Hillsides are torraced for farming. (c) Güllies are dared,

(d):Windbreaks are planted in the north...

(e) Changed in Tand use farming. methods are

Improved.

(f): Desilting basins are constructed aid the silt so collected is dredged and used for soil Haproveient!

財團徵求

不交吉樓舖 交吉亦可 全幢或大批更佳 無需看樓 價合成交 港九均合

照榮投資公司

7893023( 專線)

九黜旺角亞皆老街 40-46 號利三大厦5字樓8室

理

分類廣告

大字四個小字卅四個

二

每天

十元

·本報分類廣告,奴迎各界笫

穗恶息 - 每段 ( 大津四個 -

小字卅四個)定爲一個位,

·每天收育二十元,刊字如超

過一個位 却多出学

一個位通增計算,長期照計,

不折不扣,上期鐵克-每日

-下午五時半我痛(法律性成

告、肝携喃身份,啟事、

每美、謝廣告,每天每一

個位收費三十元。

400-700

有限公司

旅行社牌照 No. 350090

100-600

|九龍尖沙阻星光行143~14284

7351861 7351037

【假期

|中国皇后大道中40號萬年大厦1101室(京舉酒裡樓上}

52172055268305.

【曼谷、布吉島、PHI PHI藳島、

芭堤雅五天、七天

多塊遊:蘇梅島、PHI PHI島,成本最高。 馬星(檳城、浮羅交怡、吉隆坡)七天$5590

·曼谷、七岩、關機渡假村、、

馬星(檳城˞怡保、世外桃源之邦賂島、 芭堤雅五天..

七天

$3610起

馬六甲)七天 曼谷、布吉島、秦叻市、蘇梅島,

芭堤雅五天、七天 $4290起 馬六天

·印尼、峇里島五天

$5140

本州七天豪華團

$7990 $5590 *辋家住宿東京銀座大酒店,方便購物* $5210 本州五天、六天

$6390起

台北四天 台灣環島六天 台北花蓮四天

$3040

「印尼、峇里島、椰加達五天

$ 5290

$3980

「印尼、峇里島、日港、椰加達七天$ 6090

$3140

「印尼、爪哇島九天

$ 6890

馬來西亞(沙巴)七天

$6990 九州本州迪士尼聯进七天八天$6590起

環島阿里山七天

$4450

Thce No.350307

天團 $2860 gm 由$3690 元起3 由$4490 起

級大酒店

銅鑼灣悩牋中心2101室(松坂廉樓上) |8907133 鐡航布吉島、芭堤雅五天、七天 |旺角彌敦蕸636號銀行中心903-4室

蕊灣地鐵站南豐中心721室! 4920248.

|官磄地纸站客嬉廣場「樓137及142案:

票務專線:7369383 那

年

$4090起 馬來西亞(檳城、怡保、世外桃源之邦喀島)東北日光迪士尼六、七天 「曼谷、布吉島、宮堤雅五天、七天 $4090起

$4090起 馬來西亞(檳城、浮羅交怡、吉隆坡) 3326655 清邁、金三角、清萊、曼谷五天、七天 $3990起

五天豪華團

日本北海道六天、七天 $4390 -4150606

|*曼谷住喜來登及最新落成之假日大酒店

馬、泰(布吉島)、星八天 $6270 韓國本州七天、八天 7973023 *堤雅往設有私家海灘最高级之亞洲大酒店:

馬、星{檳城、馬六甲)、泰九天 $6650|韓國九州八天” 新加坡五天 「乘搭國泰、早去晚返,天天出發(可延期退湾 7369400

$4550 韓國溫陽四天、五天 **行程種類最多,成本高。 EH*布吉島設有多種行程、住宿兩蜍或三

$7690起

台北花蓮高雄六天

$3980

六天

$ 4690

東北、北海道廸士尼七天

$9090

環島阿里山八天

$.4920

$6790起

塋繪:旧秀姑巒溪 {2}台東楓港

$8290起

::{心木栅動物團 (5孔雀團

(6)九族文化村

$8690

*早機去,晚機返

$4320起

*純粹旅行團,不是帶貨團。

*天天出發,回程可停東京、大阪或台北。

天天出發(回程可停留台北;台收150元、

*暢遊椰加運、峇里島、日潔、機關、

酒水、芒果城等名勝。

*採用內陸航機,行程舒適。

*住宿豪 酒店:郷加速 SAHID JAYA 大酒店

里島KUTA PALACE 大酒店。

冰品贈魚翅、燕窩及印尼特式食品。

|*夜避著名婆颿綠活火山,銀賞日出奇景。

│

*安排兩晚豪豪夜總會,

包括全東南亞最大之皇朝夜總會。

*酱期世界七大奇景之一的婆罹浮屠佛塔, *乘搭嘉當印尼航空公司

*可延期返港。

迎比較

日 本

【行社

司查詢

大阪、東京、廸士尼 七天豪華團

890120

380 60

$7.900

|名古屋、東京、迪士尼

五天豪華團

好地特麖機票* 出入境簽證

$3200 4700

$6,490

北海道、東京、迪士尼 五、七天豪華團 $7,5908 鹿兒島、九州五、七、

日、韓

韓國漢坡、俗離山

·四、五天豪華團 $4,390起 韓國漢城、溫陽 四天豪華團、 $4,390 韓國、濟州、華克山莊

台灣、斯里蘭卡、馬爾代夫

歐洲、印度

美、加

4-4300

八天豪華

S6,490起

、四、五天豪華團 $4,5908 漢城、華克山莊、慶州、釜山 五天豪華團 $4,890

$3.990

·台灣環島阿里山八天 高級團老

$4,950

台灣四天渡假團 $3,090 台灣環島六天 高級團

欧洲十、十二天 渡假團

夏威夷美加西(東)座

$10,790 起 | 欧陸十二天探索圈

蘇聯、東北歐 十三天團

十五、十七天

七十三

$12,790

$10.390

$21,000

溫粉華(多倫多) 四,六天:

馬爾代夫 六、八天 豪華遊

欧洲十三、十五天 ̇豪華

$13,690起

越南$3650

▲ 尼泊爾$3600

九州、東京、迪士尼、

國內者题

好色

七、八天豪華團 $8,590g

韓國、本州、廸士尼 八天豪華團

.$6,290元起 斯里蘭卡、馬爾代夫 八天豪華遊

$ 8,090 溫哥華、洛磯山脈 五六天

七、九天

柏斯、雪梨、

坎培拉七天

$11,180 8

$6,690

歐陸十四天探索團·

東南歐十三、

514,190

多倫多古城探索 八天

$14,290

$8,900

̇十五天團

$13,800

美加古城遊踪十一、 十三天

$18,880

加

W

旅行團全港特

韓國、九州

印度八天豪華團 $7,980

紐西蘭(南北遇!

七、十三天 紐西蘭(南北島)、澳洲黑蜘

JAL

八天豪華團

$8,990

★蘢辜濂呫世界通行,免自年年費,

即申請,查詢電話:8425111

八、九、十三天

Canadian

BABY

Kauda-air

明

我為中心,十三、

* 8.690 美加西(東)雄七、九、十一、 十三、十五天

澳 紐

黃金海岸、雪梨,坎培拉、

墨爾砵怱西蘭北島)

$12,100 墨爾砵、坎培拉、雪梨、紐西蘭 (北路)七、十天 $10,000元 黃金海岸、糖梨、坎培拉

大堡磯、黃金海岸、雪梨、 建潴砵七、九天 $12,690起 墨爾砵、大海洋路、霉素、

星晨旅遊

MorningStar

TO FAIRE SAU LA PELAR 171529-1632, X.

736 8366(207)

.

淋息后大道中64從連卡佛大版17621-332 521810):90

• 363 36 13 40 GS Turbo 16431 416 54737607

• ARRIM##6361704-5 IR PA 332 0965(B)

*;) 880 7233 (840))

舞鴻瞓烦满水与毁中心辦二期滃漓地下监

885 4082 GIR

*• WRNROWFIUM 341 2093-413)

• 19.079 - 76REBITE AN1203 339122

$19,090

$11.880

510.090元

$12,700元

牌照編號 350018