1987-11-03 — Page 32

育教僑華 頁四第張八第

1988中學會考 試題預習專欄

日二十月九年卯丁曆夏

puwers that wanted to change the settlement -- Germany, (who felt that she was humiliated in many waya), Italy (who

claimed that she was not justly rewarded for efforts in

歷史( 六 )

winning the var

on the Allied side),

and Soviet Russia

(who was not

invited to the 1919

peace conference had no intention in

and

QUIN VAR JA

MILL & DALE PRESS

Revision Exercises

for

Cert. Exam. (1988)

HISTORY (6)

гевания:

European history from 1919 60 1959 is often known as the inter-wor years, for these (1) In 1919 the Paris

Peace Conference settled the First World War (1914–18) (2) In 19394 nuother world

war, the Second War World, broke out. (3). In many ways the

First World War left behind many unsolved problema for Europe, and these problems helped bring about the Second World War.

coming

In this and the iagues, we shall learn fallowing

aspects:

A. Unsolved problems of

the First World War after 1919 (political, social, economic etc.)

B. Rise of Fascist and

Nazist dictatorskips

in Italy and Germany in the 1920s and 1930s, which could in part be explained by the above unaoived problems.

C. International

aggressions committed by Fascist Italy and Nami Germany in the 1930s.

D. Attempts by the

Western Powers

(Britain and France) at checking

international

aggressions: failure of the League of Nations, failure éppeasement.

Note the following:

of

i. (A) above, refers to

the consequences

the First World War.

ii. (B) is a result of

(A):

ii. (C) and (D) form the

causes of the

Second World War.

Then you can see how the First World War led up the Second World War (from A to D).

to

(1) Defects of the Paris

Peace Sättlement -

As a result of the

settlement there

were two types of

powers in Europe:

defending the settlement),

b. powers. that wanted to

maintain the settlement-e.g. France (who aimed at preventing the revival of Germany) Britain (who wanted peace at all cost 80 that trade would be good) and the USA (who generally withdrew from Europeau affairs after 1919).

The

(2) Unstable small states

in East Europe First World War helped bring about revolutions in Russia and Austria. As a result, Russia became a communist state since late 1917. And Austria was broken up into many small states like Yugoslavia,

Czechoslovakia, etc. These Eastern European states had ahollow democratic tradition. They might be easily conquered by aggressors. In the 1930, Germany was the aggressor. Other povers tolerated Germany at first. They used an

"appeasement policy" towards Germany. (i.e. trying to please Germany). But they could not let Germany conquer all Eest Europe. In the end, when appeasement failed to satisfy Germany, Britain and France resisted Germany. So war broke out in 1939 - the Second World War.

(3) Communism veraus Fascism - Russia became * communist country, since late 1917. Peopter in capitalist countries such as Germany and Italy feared that communi am would overcome their countries too. Thus fascist groups. were formed, i.e. extreme nationalist groups aiming at saving their

countries from

communist penetra- tion. Society became very unstable, AR

you will see, Fascian

took Italy and

Nazism took Germany. These dictatorships

WAH KIU YAT PO

then committed

aggressione against

other countries. In

the end, the Western Powers (Britain, and France) decided to fight these aggres- sore, which brought about the Second World War.

(4) Nationalist feelings

becoming tense Before 1919. autocratic empires like Hapsburg Austria and Tsarist Russia ruled. People fought for independence nguinst them. After 1914, these empires fell and new democratic states came into being, The nationalist feeling of many European people became mure intense. People in different countries were loyal to their fatherland. When war brake out, they were willing to fight for their countries. Before 1914, wars were fought between dynasties or empires. After 1914, wars were fought

between peoples. Warn became more bloody, too.

(5) Social discontent and

trouble - Because of unstable economic conditions, people became discontented. Different social classes ran into conflict with one another. Soldiers could not adjust themselves to peace- ful lives when the

war was over. Violence increased.

In fact, this helped the Pascists and Nazis

to come to power Italy and Germany respectively. They found sady unemployed people Supporting thea

(6) Economic recovery

delayet by repara-

ons. The 1919 Versailles Treaty held that Germany

should pay these to the Allies

reparations (i.e, a large sum of money). This delayed the economic recovery of Germany. Over Europe as a whole, the foundation of a sound economy was shaken by the First World War. Although recovery was rather quick in the 1920s, a Great

Depression hit Europe badly in 1929-32.

HOW THE SECOND WORLD WAR BROKE OUT IN 1939

(1) Germany and Italy

(under the control of the Nazis and the

Fascists respective-

ly) committed sw

aggreasiona aguinat

small countries. The other powers (such

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France, Britain:.

at first appeased the aggressors, i.e. not resisting them, but b. later made war on

them when it becume élear that further appesacment was useless.

(2) Лидгенніоns committed

by Germany and Italy included the following:

a. A war against

Ethiopia in Africa by Italy in 1934.

b. The march into the Rhineland areas by Germany in 1935.

c. The support for

rebels in Spain by Italy and Germany from 1936-39.

d. The invasion of

Austria by Germany in 1938.

A.

The invasion of Czechalovakia by Germany in 1938.

f. The invasion of

Poland by Germany în 1939.

(3) From 1934 to 1939,

the other powers did not resist the aggressors.

H.

Soviet Russia did not trust France and Britain, Stalin (of Soviet Russia) thought that France and Britain encouraged Germany to conquer East Europe so 09 ↑ " weaken Soviet influence there.

b. Britain was

prese upied with cuigifal final lens. She d

without the

suppert

of the USA

The USA did not vänt to get involved in European affairs,

d. France was alone. She

was too weak to

resist aggressions. And she was Dot keen on doing that when the aggressions were not directed against herself.

e. Italy and Germany

knew that the other powers dared not risk another world war to resist their aggressions. The memory of the destructiveness of the First World War was too deep. People wanted to prevent war at all cost.

f. In 1939, when Germany

invaded Poland, the Western Powera know

that they must resist the aggressors They

declared war on them. The Second World War broke out in this

way.

附加數(六)

3.

二期星

與興出版社

MILL & DALE PRESS

Revision Exercises for

Cert. Exarn. (1988)

ADDITIONAL MATUENATIOS

D

Solutions to Exercise 3

1. Let the equation of

the circle be

22

and

x+y+2gx+2fy+e=U

B

Since it passes

久

through (5,-3) and (0.0).

2+2(5) g+2 (−3) P+c=0 10g-bf+c=-34..... (1) ^u2+62+2g(0)+2{h}f+c=0 12f+cm-36..... (2) Since its centre (gif) lies on 2x-3y-ball,

2(-g)-3(-1)-6=U

-2g+3£6. (1)-(2): 5g-91-1. (4)+3x(3):

#=-19 -32

and c-92.

the Jiu

日三月一十年七八九一公年六十七國民華中

BC:y-2x0

CA: 4x+5y-7-U

The equation of the

line CF through C;

the intersection of

MC and AC is given by

4x+5y−7+k ̧(y-2x)=0

i . » . CF : ( 4-Uk ̧ } x + {5+kq}y=7

Again

BE: 2x+3y+k1(y-2x)=0 i.e.{2-2kg)x+[5+kg)y=ú Since CFLAB

-(4-2k,).

2(4−2k, )+3( 5+k+ )×0

.*. k¡=23°

Since BE AC,

-(2-2kg)

===

Ун

Slope of OR- -a

(3)

tanė-

() ()

--B

(Ans.)

5.

8-97.13°

2 can be written y-mx+ma-tx

Since this line touches the circle

2

4(2-Xkq) +5{3+kg)¤U

* • CF : (4-46)x + (5+23)3-7=U i.e. bx-4y+1=0...... (1) and

BE: (-)x+(3+2y=U

i.e. -5x+4yal)..

Solving (1) and (2)

we have

x*-1,

--

.(2)

j.e.

2 9

then distance from

(0,0) to the lines radius

Dr

(me-t:)*

2 2

1+0

ms-2atmetr2+r*m*

32 22 2

--29tm

2

(Ans.)

Now, y-4-m(x-7)

(Ans.)

The orthecentre, H

is (-1,-2)

(5)

.(4)

the required circle is

2 2

x+y +2(-19)x+2(=y

+92=0

2

2

3x

+3y-114x-64y+276

=0

(Ana,)

24.MY

Let R(b,k)

Since PQ: PR-1:5

PQ:QR=1:2

the co-ordinatee

()-(k+8, k+2)

But lies on the -line 4y-3x-2=0

• •4 (+2)-3(b+8) −2=0.

4k+8-3h-24-6=0·

the equation of the locus of R is given by 4y-3x-22-0 (Aus.)

x2-hay. (8)..2x=48

. (1)

Slope of tangent at

28

A{28,0)=-1

..Slope of AB=-1

(ATLAB)

".equation of the

perpendicular

at A:

y-s-(-1)(x-2)

i.e. y+x=3a.....(2) Now, (2) meet (1) at B-where

(30-y)2-bay

i.e.y2-10ay+92-0

(y-a)(y-98)=0

yor ya

x=2a.or ±6a

From the figure,

A{2a,4)

.8 is (-ba, 9a)

(Ans.)

B(-60.90)

..ta4, 87

x2+y2-64-82

and x

r-8

Substitude these values of h, k, r

into (3).

2

15m+50m+48=0

(3m+4) {5m+12)=0

-- or -12

When

the

(Ang.)

tangent from (7,4)

is given by

y-4=-3(x-7)

4x+33-40=U when 12, the

#12

tangent is

y-4=-12(x-7)

i.e.12x+5y-104-0

p (h,k!

A

10214,01

C

(a) In AOP,

AP

2 2 AP-OP-a

1.2.22

.*. AP=√k ̃»k ̃ ̄—a

(b) In ABOP. 2

.. BP-√(h~a)~+k~~a

(c) AP=4PB

2.2

(Ans.)

(Ans.)

(Ans.)

2

=16-((h-a)2+k2-a2) 15h2+15k-32ah+a-0

A

A(2,4)

the locus of Pis

(c)Slope of UA==

Given AB: 2x+3y=0

given by the equation

15x +1

x2+15y2-328x+8=0

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