教買三第張五第
1988中學會考 試題預習專欄
經濟(二)
MILL & DALE PRESS
Revision Exercises
for
Cert. Exam..(1988)
ECONOMICS (2)}
Basic. Concepts (Cont?d)
7 Price and value
Price:
HUA
The price of a commodity is the of money which a person pays to a seller in order to obtain the ownership of the commodity. Thus, the price of a certain commodity is that the exchange
日廿月八年卯丁魔发 WAH KIU YAT PO
value of it which is in terms of money,
The price of
commodity is
determined by supply
and demand: conditiona
-in the free market,
It tends to rise as
demand exceeds supply,
or fall as supply exceeds demand in the 'market.
However, price may not move freely, in accordance with changes in demand and aupply. due to market imperfections or government interventions.
Despite the fact
that price may not reflect the real market conditiona, it still serve as ab index for consumption, production, exchange, and resources
allocation to certain extent. In a mixed economy, price plays a very important role indeed .
Valves
For each commodity, there are two kinds of value, which are known as 'value in use' and.
value in exchange
The value in use! of s commodity is the total utility which it yields as it is used. It reflects the usefulness of the commodity.
The value in exchange of a commodity is the quantity of some other commodity for which ̇the commodity. can ba. exchange. Thus, the exchange value of a commodity can be. expressed in terms of. units of some other commodity. It also can be expressed in terms of money, and is therefore called price .
The value in uge' ot a commodity may differ from its value in exchange', since the latter is usually affected by the market. demand and supply conditions. The higher the marginal utility. of a commodity, the higher its value in exchanger will be.
8. Production and Consumption Production:
報日僑華
Production is defined as any.. activity directed to the creation of goods. or services with given
Production involves changes in time, place, form, and shape of the resources. The main aim of production, layto provide sufficient goods and services to satisfy human wants.
There are three stages of production. They are primary. secondary, and
tertiary production. They are interdepent- ent on one another.
Consumption:
Consumption is defined as the process of utilising a certain commodity or service. from which satisfaOH tion is obtained by the person who uses it,
Consumption is necessary for each individual and it is
the primary motive for
a person to work,
As consumption occurs, utility is derived and the need
期星
for production arises.
9. Income and Expenditure
Income;
Income is defined as the inflow of money or wealth to an individual of organisation, Income may arise as an reward
to land, labour, capital, entrepreneur, of a transfer payment such as pension, social welfare assistance, or subsidy.
It is important to distinguish between real and. money Income, Real income ia the amount of goods that can be purchased with the income, It reflects the réal purchasing power of the income. Money income is the nominal value of the money. In time of inflation, real income may fall although money income remains constant.
Expenditure:
The outflow of money of a person or
firm is called expenditure, The expendi-|
can be of various
a
ture
日二十月十年七八九一座公年六十七國民華中
forma. It may be spent.
on the consumption of
certain commodities and
services, or the instalment of produoer goods: for further production..
Whenever incone exceeds expenditure, stock of capital increases because the remaining income wiich ̇is uot.apent will add
to the stock of capital.
10.Types of Economy
In general, there are three types of economy, They. are free economy, mixed economy, and planned economy.
In a free economy, prices are freely determined by the interaction of demand and supply conditions of markets, There is no government interventions on the economy at all. Production and consumption are directed by price. Decisions made by all producera and consumers are free from any intervention from the government。
In a mixed economy,
both private sector
and the government
take part in the
economic activities,
The government, Impis的则, taxes on certain groups of individuals and business enterprises and spends public funds on certain public. projects or schemes run by the government. On the other hand, 201 private sector remgings unaltered by the govern- mental actions, Business- men still do their best in making profite, while consumers have freedom in consumption to Certain extent.
In a plained economy the
government decides on what goods should be produced . what factors of production should be adopted and in what quantities. Consumera have to accept the supply of commodities and services at prices set by the government. In this economy, it ia the government that
dictates the production consumptione,
distribution and
employment of factors
of production.
1988中學會考 試題預習專欄
favourite conditions
for the occurence, of this feature. (6) (c) Name the type of: rock causing this fea- ture in the photo.(10)
地理(二)
HEGER GEOGRAPHY
(2)
BY VINCENT L.H. WONG
The photo is taken at
an off-shoe island in
Hong Kong.
(a) Name the feature found in the photo. (1)
(b) What are
the
4m. Simplified
Diagram
Suggested Answer
(a) Block disinpgration
(b) Climate there is
在製
large diurnal range of temperature,repeated
| heating and cooling.
Relief- it occurs
at highland with slope
exposed to the sun,
Vegetation less
vegetation cover to
| protect the rock underw neath due to hillfire, soil erosion and deforest-
ation.
Rock type well-jointed rocks,such as granitejar easily. disintegrated.
(c) Granite
(d) It is a type of igne- ous intrusive rock most
comoon in-Hong Kong.
器水燒質高
It consists of three types of minerals, namely, quartz,mica and feldspar.
It is a type of crys- talline rock since it is
formed by cooling of magma rising from the mantle as there is pressure release
sn the earth crust.
It consists of large stals(coarse grained
texture) due to slow cool. ing rate at great depth dom below the earth sure
face.
It has well-developed tangular Joints(horizon talyvertical and oblique)
It is type of acidic.
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rock as it contains more
than 66% of silica.
上述的題目,考生應留意 下列地理科自考的要求和答题 綜常遇的困難。
二:第(一),同學不但要文· 字上熟習每一條觀(feature)
?還與從實際環境中分辨各景: 觀,才算是真正掌馔學問、知 識。多翻隨不同的教科書中的 圖片:簡圖和各式的圖片册。 例如地球的奥秘门、「世界 自然奇觀】等,都會有莫大的
#
第(二),同學,若筆容 選前,應先細問題目的要求。 因問題的中心,可能是間接引 伸而來,與圖片或商圖中的主 題,或留有不符。例如,本題 :以上風化T(Weathering)
引出花崗岩]的特色。同學
稍不留神,或操之過急,便合
出錯。另外,問題的第二部份 一只問L照化了的有利條件。 不维描选L形成门的過程,亦
·是同學最常犯的毛病,那只會: 減費考試的時間,及影響其他, 題目作答的時間。
三第(三)、同學答題時, 要按步就班,更要仔細解釋。 邀才能爭取較多的分數。例如: ,花崗岩]是一種acidic 岩 石,是一重點,但同學不應就, 此擱華,應再解釋因為花崗 岩含有66%的娃(silica). 又再取一分。又如L 花崗岩了, 是一種稻晶{crystalline )岩 石啦一分:再進一步解精何 讚結晶岩石,又取一分、該物 買從何處來?又再取一分。試 想,不斷的解釋,可使分數借 境。况且,溫習時,亦應以退: 種方法粗糙資料,才容易記踲
透過今次練習,希望大家 能邁一步體會自然地理科的基 本要求和作簽常犯的毛病,以 後能努力克服。爭取事半功倍 的效益。
得
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及傳動軸加速時
微共有多少水,電掣開著和時候氙光指示燈會旋轉。常飛輪望到最高,門上,再遊并出很那種戏5/覦氧化镁形成物,作為防止有機州州在核、
就造商也供應配合的系力講錢和接頭。,原,飛前獲取的能量, 在手柄的頂部。每天有車開始行駛 即年分鐘一萬轉
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熱衆所周知海水中主要含有九種元素;的,用中起重要的作用)。监管由外加電流產生。極連接到酒就 ”,包覆和/成碳化術推和多孔材料,以延緩降,
知。但在發明火之前却没有人想到成利用过的實在
,材料的生物降解的技術。 料的包黑爵和填料,及延段沮類 糖適用於作為木材成其他類似材
四七年所獲得的二件英國專利、 “發明人在一九四年和一九
座大四號)中公開的使用直流電對治
销量馥梅勞防
利影
用
海
您碳中
作伴進的硬。特和發料 旦酸起的,
水中的金属门;表面微形成了由拱温和鉛鹽。 方法,包括一些推材料暨中的生物。 法。。在清理過程中在陰小即浸泡在吾 道秒以延緩状维材科路解爲目的的處理,無能通過省维习特
防止纖維材料降解
一高的可溶性蛋白演之有效配比,則是由重復的囊的相反二
迪。(例如,軟程對物的外克通常由被包围 尚由海水中的礦物質構成其亮尼的機理之 以同時,他也受到低等海洋生物利用它們
在台中放隊第二首播,端,現以不例
五倍和「威使线 ,將維材料,放在大量的溶解直用「縱而她對
能對付,一個子,因此它在模板就化作。在俊發明的一個只施例中,何將席。离木材的被捕,被
以不同的型线和各種不同的形肼可,時可以關越接收機的跟踪鈕,
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