1949-07-04 — Page 4

E-

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, MONDAY, JULY 4, 1949.

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and women

women offer a pattern

for Family Life in the next fifty

LONDON.

ECAUSE fower bables are being

B born, and the proportion of older

people is increasing, the Royal Com-" mission on Population recommends that it should be made easier to bring up a family.

The focus of the 259-page report, just issued, is on MOTHER-the burdens of her job, and the place she is entitled to hold in a newly shaping society where father works a five-day week.

Father wins the sympathý nf the commission for the taxes he has to bear, but almost every recommendation is designed to enable the mothers of Britain's young children to lead freer, fuller Hver.

During the commission's five- year Inquiry, 1,400,000 married women-one-tenth of the totni number in Britain-were ask- ed: their ages, date of mar- ringe. dates of birth of their children, and occupations of their husbands.

This is the background to the recommendations:-

The present total population of Britain-not including Nor- thern Ireland-is about 40,000,- 1000, says the reports, the eighth biggest among tlic world

nations.

Two hundred and fifty years ago It was 7,000,000, and in- creasing only slowly, because both birth and death rates were

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But had the population grown continuously at the samo rate as it did in the 10th cen- tury, the population in the year 2000 would have been 130,000,- 000, and in 2100 it would have been 400,000,000.

As the lensity of population -600 to the square mile-l already almost the highest in the world, any such increase would have led to hopeless over- crowding, and food

supplies

could not liavo supported so great a population. Starvation and disease would have cut the numbers.

Four Victorian couples out of five had more than two chu- dren ench, but nowadays the proportion is only one in three Families of more than four used to be 63 out of every 100, but are now only 20 in 100.

Family Size

THE proportion of

èhüdless couples has about doubled since Victorian days, and the number with only one child is five times as many. The num

has fallen from 10 In,100 to

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But there is medical evidence showing that modern couples could have bigger families f they have wanted to and that there is no falling off In Uhe power to reproduce.

Family limitation, says the commission, is being brought mainly by

There

about "wholly or deliberate action."

evidence that criminal abortion Is being "extensively practised at the present time," and is "distressingly high."

some

It is also found that "the great majority of married cou- ples nowadays practice forin of birth control in order to limit their families, and that these are successful."

MAKE IT FAIR

FOR MOTHERS

THE CHAIRMAN

Sir HUBERT HENDER- SON, 80, chairman of the commission sinco 1946: married at 25: has one son, two daughters. First grand- child born this year. Econo- raics Research Fellow of All Boule.

THE SIX WOMEN

Dr ETHEL CASSIE, maternity and child welfare, author of books on the sub- ject. Married,

Mrs MARGARET (Peggy) JAY, 37, one of six children, wife of an MP, has two sons, two daughters, Member of the LCC for 11 years.

Mrs GWEN LONGMOOR, from West Hartlepool, had Ewo children before she

21.

WAS

Mrs GLADYS P. HOPKIN MORRIS, MA, D.Litt., wlia of a former Welsh BBC clief; classical scholar and Egypto- logist.

Lady MARY I ELEN OGILVIE, widowed mother of two, Bous. An executive of Dr Barnardo's.

Mrs HELEN H. PAWSON, wartime W¥ß organiser, focal councillor, two sons.

THE SEVEN MEN

The Earl of CRANBROOK, 49, one of five children, has two sons and thren daurkters by his second wife, Soller, politician, London County Councillor, yachtsman, CX- plorer.

Professor ALEXANDER CARE-SAUNDERS, knighted In 1946, has two sons, daughter. Director of the London School of Economics.

Dr ARTHUR W. M. ELLIS is Regius Professor of Medi cine, Oxford University. One

Professor ROBERT C. K ENSOR, 72, historian and re- search fellow of Corpus Christ, Oxford: Two sons, three daughters, four grand children.

B01.

Sir JOHN R. HODHOUSE, 60, kalated in 1946. Ship owner. Three sons, two daughters.

Mir ALFRED ROBERTS, Lancashire cotton union leader, and member of tho General Council of the TUC. Sir WILLIAM D. KOBIE- SON, 59, Editor of the Glas- cow Herald. One daughter.

which may have resulted from the fact that the parents those days were mostly mem- bere of big families and knew their disadvantages.

Decreasing fear of unemploy ment is also leading to slightly large families,

But at present rates the population is not replacing it telf, and will fall, because an average family size of 2.2 docs not allow of complete "replace ment," when normal wastage by death, failure to marry, and

causes is taken into ac

count.

As the deall

rate may be ex-

tho

years

Inherently wrong in the use of mechanical methods of contra- ception."

Evidence

showed that, If theso methods were not avail- able, other methods, ruch n criminal. abortion would 比 used. And there is no prospect that means to limit families onco having been acquired they will be abandoned,

But, if some 100 percent, effective method were found, it might reduce the population by The commission believes that Tho Government should an about 10 percent, since economic considerations

that cost

the sume that women will continud percentage of babies now bom of education on-may be, a limiting factor in the cultural and economic life

and

80 to take an increasing part in may be classed as "unwanted." creation of families, be of the

Housing dumculties' are plac- community and will, ed high among the cause in all except the wealth therefore, need more free time, why modern couples keep their est families those with young

reasons children to support are at an The conclusion is drawn from families economic disadvantage compar-

small and improved facts and- Agurer that the housing is one of the essentials ed with the cluidless or the un- more-educated people, in. the of a policy of increasing the

community tend to have fower population married.

children than the less-educated.

even mean a shortage of neces

Among the poorest, it reny alles, especially of adequate

house-room.

LONE VOICE

wish to give their children at This in partly because they least as good an education as they themselves had, and know. that their incomes will not per- Even in richer homes sup- mit this if they have several port of a fair-alzed family mny children.

An investiga- THE only divergent note in the tion La suggested report

pected to fall it BRITAIN

will mean

that

in the next few

decades the na- CHALLENGE

tion will become "older."...

It is cetinated FALLING

that the propor-

tion of women to

THE

ther this

OF MRS JAY

comes

from the

youngest member, Mrs Margaret

tends Jay, aged 85.

FACES OF BIRTH-RATE Bence inteill

to find out whe HER to improve the

amenities

general level of "Innate

In the 'nation, or other

wise.

timidity in failing to draw "the full logical, conclusions from its own und premises" about the Influence of education costs on the birth rate.

Bho acruzes the report ot

Mrs Jay aays-the State should In modern Britain, there is no shoulders of the middle and pro- "sweep away entirely from the any

and make it danger that

men will continue to drop-al mean the sacrifice of comforta present women outnumber men and this in time, will mean more bachelors, fewer unmar ried women.

Average Age

possibla

and more difficult to give each child growth of population will hold fessional classes the burden of as good a start.in fe as might up material and social progress.

privately financed: education." be enjoyed by a member of a

In But some form of control

1945, the year after the com- small family.

mission over numbers Evidence before the commis- because growth of the popula Secretary to the Treasury, re-

was appointed, was inevitable"

Mir Douglas Jay, now Economie slon showed these to be big tion at 19th-century considerations in family limita- would have doubled the popu- tributions net reproduction rate rates celved 'a telegram: "Two con- tion. THE commission explains the TH

lation in 30 years and increased safely arrived yesterday," Another main tendency to earlier marri- shortage of domestic help, Such 300 years.

Influence is it a thousandfold in less than age by the wider use of birth help is suggested not only in control methods making

Says the commission: "In our un- emergencies, but so as to break view, there is necessary to delay, marriage the mother's "continuous pre- alternative to contraception as

no practicable and live at Hampstead.. until a family can be "afford- occupation with her family," a means of controlling the rate

and to give her time for some of growth of the population.. recreation and telure.

We agree that there is nothing

cd,"

This tendency, however, not likely to be maintained, and there is likely to be a con- siderable drop over the next 15 years, with a "substantial de- cline" in births.

An average family size "only a little higher" than the present would stop the decline in popu lation. If there is no further fall, there will be no appre clable fall in total numbers of population for some years to come--because ald, people are likely to live longer.

It meant that Comunisaloner Mies Jay had given birth to twins. The Jays have four children

[TO BE CONCLUDED: TO- MORROWJ

INVENTORS SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF:

CRUMPLED

TIES AND

BAGGY TROUSERS

D'crumpled

tion?

auffer from ties? Do your trousers get

By

PETER LOVEGROVE

Already the average age of baggy at the knees and the population has risen from seat? Do you wonder how under 27 years in 1891 to over you could economisc on 35 in 1947.

cigarettes? Does your

The inventive knack evidently under five minutes; cacement lighter always run out of runs in the Horne family. "Mar- windows which pivot round and By the year 2017, the num-fuel ber of old people in the populaIt? Does your attache case guaranteed to baflo-the-widest which can be transformed from

when you most need Baret's father has designed a

can be cleaned from the insido; combination lock for cars, and a multiple-ume contraption. tion will be more than double fly-open-without-provoca- boy, But-next to his exhibit le a stool into present figures.

n key with a 1,000,000 (yes, a

a step-ladder, Don't worry.

baby's chair, or a shoe-cleaning Your troubles million) combinations. If there is no increase in the are nearly over. Help is on the c

cabinet. size of average families,

The Inventor's Club

Another Service entry comes "Slow working population

has

Combustion' will stay found the solution to all these Cigarette Holder:

from Capt. V. W. Russell, or much na It is for the next 30 problems-and many others be

Bradford whose, "Coal-Saver" is years, but the number of young sides, from an improved mouse-

a sort of grille stand for separat- adults from 15 to 30 years old, trap to

ing coal dust from coal-very reversible Ufeboat, Thanks to Jacob Bruen, your handy. will fall by about 1,400,000. from a bottle-pourer to a boat cigarette can now last you half-

driven by an ordinary car.

Then there's an-hour. His holder, fitted with stair-climbing wheels, and, for pram with By the year 2000 the num-by Leslie Hardern,

Launched in April last year a slow combustion chamber the long summer evening on the bors of children

one of the from which wind resistance is back Lawn, a deckchair young bright lights of the BBC Tek- excluded, will also enable you to two unexpected attributes: nduits will have fallen rapidly, vision Service, the Club has al- smoke quite

happily

in bed cannot collapse or trap fingers, and both the working and total ready produced a remarkable without recriminations population will have begun to

from Cak decline.

crop of devices which will not the wife. only make life easier for the in-

and

the way.

And For The

Birth control

The widespread practice of with a fear that unlimited fo- eda fundamental and

propaganda, birth control has to be accept society in which the "energy,tain's export drive,

The commission thinks that a dividual, but are helping Bri- a "No Smoking" compartment, Man-About-Town: crease in population might lead mentous adjustment of modern enterprise,

m:C

as the chief reason for the

wards the end of the last cen-

túry,

trends.

enthusiasm, and

unprogresлve,”

Ollier

with

it

*

And if you should stray into

you could quito safely, pocket your lighted cigarette and still For the handyman-about-the- And it alight and unconsumed house, there is a combination when you reach your destina- Inthe, which is a tion

complete workshop in miniaturo, and dovices. to Every Invention submitted is smokers' nerves

soothe luminous screwdriver, reviewed by an advisory panel with measuring gauges,

ara. Ughters For the smart man-about- of technicians and experts who another specially designed for stretcher,

and town, apart from the tle- also help to get It marketed, pipe-smoking. and many have gone into pro duction.

The gadgets have

to food shortages, is regarded ufo"-as the starting-point in capacity to learn new things" Givon A Proview adoption of birth control to considering future population poused by youth is lacking On Television:

or diminishing may become "dangerously and may fall behind

other in nations

technical

end economic, Do well

as artistic and intellectual, achievement.

Discuming emigration to the

The struggle to "get on" end the need for higher education led to smaller families, so that each child inleht have a better "charice in lio."

and as

Replacement

N the credit side, people ar

marrying younger

been.

Housekeeping

than Commonwealth the commission given a preview on British tele- Made Easior:

all

Frank Sharman, of Guildford, to dodge dirty

there is the "suspender-back," designed to prevent a drag when stoop- ing." This is a V-insert of cloth in the seat of the trouble which gives as you bend

they used to, and more people says that if it were to stop al-vision screens, and the general Then children came to bo are getting married, regarded as a handicap on their cause a jump in the population cant number, consequences on of seeing them in actuality at an showed how

This may together, or drop to Inalgnif-public has had an opportunity

Another invaluable invention' parents in their own efforts to which may not be maintained, Britain's economie future and exhibition staged by the club in dishes with his "water-swoosher out locks or hinges that cannot when you get the hang of the THE MOST UP-TO-DATE THEATRE ON THE MAINLAND their own living standards.

"get 'on"

thing is an attache case with depressing and for the years from 1939 to her place in the world might a leading Oxford-Street store in up," a vacuum-cleaner attach fall open.

1948. births were About one per

London. The rise

cent, more than had been - serious.

which does the whole job In the

mont status of

But the thing which capil Your to headache has been in 10 minules... pected. women "and a

It is understood that the solved by a woman. She is

vated me most was a revolu щого COD- siderate attitude of husbands

Government

Housekeeping to also made tionary gadget which, really But they have been falling initiative in calling a Common omear,

may tako

the an attractive, 23-year-old WRAC caaler through to wives" was another factor since, and will be lower this wealth conferenco

the "bean-and- makes useful history. It looks. Subaltern Margaret Umiting families. The Increase year.

on emigra Horne, of Haywards Heath vegetable-alter which can do quite simple, but it provides the round in four minutes (but answer to a problem which han Iclsure, making children

on and population problema Sussex, who has worked out a alas, doesn't string the beans!) There is, however, burdensome encum-reaction from the

some So far, Ministers have made tie-stretcher-within-a-stretcher, the "single-handed, whisk, tions,

been worrying man for genera-- brances" was another.

extremely no decisions on the findings of which keeps it trim by knocking worked by pressing a lover; an. It is sull-hanger small families of the 1920's the commission.

out the creREER. "

easy-chair becomes a bed in takes trousers last.

JORDAN ED.

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BOY WANTED

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WILL A TOMBOY

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MISURE KÍLE:

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