1948-01-17 — Page 4

|POCKET CARTOON

by OSBERT LANCASTER

"Mark my

words.

Llandrindod, {} We keepi Augmen out of the Lonts much longer it will be 1917 all over again, with Maudie Littlehampton chaining her. self to the No. 10 railings.”

Jests And Jeers

Some papers are of news value; others merely of mulaanee value.

The girl with dreamy eyes is often Burprisingly wide awake.

10

American tourist, averheard in the tobby:

What do you do here on a Sun- day? Dle?**

Some people are so terribly frank they burn the candour at both ends.

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, JANUARY 17, 1948..

He held it a disgrace

to die rich-so he

gave

away £80,000,000

N illuminating example of for bridge-building, and in 1865, at

усага

That his When Carnegie quit the Fennsyl-

Jong

workers slaved the end of the Civil War, he resigns vania Railroad at 30 his income hours for low wages is also true, the amazing industrial de ed from the Pennsylvania Railroad from a score of shrewdly chosen in but a truth not applicable only to velopment of the United to form the Keystone Bridge Com- vestments was well over £12.500, the Carnegie planta. Throughout States during the last half of pany to construct Iron bridges. and rapidly rising to the £25.000 a the iron and steel trade stolld the last century, following the

The keystone of his mammoth year mark.

migrants sweated their lives away; for 08. to is, an hour, 12 hours a coming of the railroad, is to be fortune, however, had been laid 10 before not by thrift nog in-

The Keystone Bridge Company day, seven days a week. found in the life story of "The dustry, but by an "opportunity" that was another "gusher." Roads and Furnace crOWS were matched Steel King." Andrew Carnegie. another less ready to take a chance railways were fanning out all over against each to achieve record out- He entered the United States in would have let pass by.

the country as migrants roured into puts. Carnegie cajoled, builled, en- 1818 8

to open the west, His father had just died and An- Amerlen a penniless Scottish

ficed with bonuses, and drove migrant boy of 13: fifty-two of the family.

drew was left as the main support bridges were wanted everywhere.

managers to ever greater efforts to Vrideterred, he per- years later he retired possessed muaded his mother to mortgage the

The Keystone Bridge Company achieve high production and low costa, the twin sticks with which he of a fortune of £80,000,000. For home she had just paid off to raise was soon only one of a group of Iron

10 work dominated by this diminutive belted his competitors. thirty-three of those fifty-two 100 dollars (£20) to invest in

Scotsman. They 10- years, he drove men ruthlessly shares in the Adams Express Com- but tireless

Iron Mills, the returned cluded the Union pany, The to gain: it for the last nineteen im 120 dollars (£24) and later Superior Rail Mill, and the Pills he strove just as hard to give it 1440 dollars (£288) a year in divi- burgh Locomotive Works.

away.

"Puff" blographers of wealthy men like to

that stress the part thrift and hard work have played in the accumulation of their fortunes. The eminent English economist, John Stuart Mills, has observed, however, that, in the

accumulation

of great riches, "next to birth the chief cnuse of success in life is acel- dent and opportunity."

It was largely "accident and op- portunity" that Inid the basis of An- drew Carnegie's vast fortune. Ex- cept in his early years he

nover worked hard-half his time Was spent in "play," travelling abroad,

The wite girl would rather be repairing his lack of early educa

looked around at them up 10,

"What would you do, Itm, if you suddenly SOW A whole German panzer division coming straight at you?" an officer asked a coloured soldier at the front during the last war.

"What would I da, boss? Why, sure would sjirend the news through France."

I

Personal Quality

dends.

Investment

The Story Of ANDREW CARNEGIE

BY A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT

"Opportunity,"

was

or

for what he is

and

In 1807 Carnegie took his mother and set up residence In New York. then a elly of less than a million. His success as an industriallat had banking given him a reputation in circles.

In the next six years he was in- strumental in raising £0.000,008 of capital from England for the promo- tion of a score of American enter- prises-street railways, grain eleva- tors, oll companies, bunks, telegraph companies and many others.

comp

In 1872 he began the vast enter- prise that was to give him the name of "The Steel King. Fifteen years before Henry Bessemer In England had invented the process of convert- ing pig-iron to steel.

As the years passed he became the dominant force in the industry with controlling grasp on Pennsyl- vania's richest deposits of conl for coke-making, an essential to tho production of steel.

Rivals built the great Homestead Steelworks in Pittsburgh to chal- enge Carnegie. Within a couple, of (Continued on Page 10)

SIDE GLANCES

By Galbraith

60P), 1947 BY NTA SERVIER, THE T. N, RED, U, 8. PAT, OFF,

"I said it almost the way we rehearsed it, doär-'Either a raise or I quit! Only I loft. off the last part!"

Thinking Aloud

UR leading comedian, Mr Sid Fick, was sitting the other morning in the front seat of his new black American straight eight at the point where traffic lights check the flow from Roehampton-lane towards Barnes Common when a small boy shouted out "Spiv!"

Mr Field was hurt.

Faccident, tion, satinfying his ilterary leanings

again knocked at his door soon by writing books on travel and afterwards when he was accosted sucial problems and dabbling (un- by

Now Opportunity stranger in a railway carriage successfully) with a chain of news with a new idea papers. And he was not particular- known today as the Pullinan sleep. FT was part of Carnegie's creed that ly thrifty,

Ing car for

trains. passenger

"there was no proft in ploneer- Again

Carnegie was willing to ing. He had watched others Jose take a chance. He got the Pennsyl- fortunes in many attempts to adapt vania Railroad to try out the idea, the Bessemer process to American UT chance having laid the basis

formed and the iron ore, but how he was convinced a company of his fortune Carnegie brought grateful investor offered his young most of the

71708

been problems had personal qualities of

the Within overcome and that steel was shrewdness, sponsor an eighth Interest. determination,

his driver to take it back to the energy,

ro metal of tho self five years his investment was confidence, and-more important of turning him £1,000

a year,

Carnegie had scarcely started his garage, and he boarded a bus depression and rode to Picadilly just like al-an amazing

which new capacity for pick- This was the fount from

enterprise when Don't talk about yourself-it will ing good men to do work he little all his later tremendous wealth struck America as an aftermath

understood and driving them hard originated. As the dividends pour the Civil War, Banks falted, rail- other people do. that multiplied his initial gains ed in from the Woodruff Car Com- ways crashed into Insolvency, slump through "accident and

Exchange beggared pany he invested them shrewdly in on the Stock opportunity" to astronomical proportions.

other ventures-and he had the millions. Carnegie

arnegie gave most of his life to Midas touch. the accumulation money,

be done when you leave.

With the number of divorces nowadays, what

we'll need pretty soon is a Who's Whose.

"Do you realise," said a man to a stranger on the ferry, "that you are reading your newspaper upside down?"

"Of course I realine it." sapped the olher, "Do you think it is easy?".

ALL WAS HONEY WITH

THIS FIRM

Ila

鄂

mother, to whom he owed much, Another Chance

1

to

two

age.

-of

He got out of the car and told

+

Sid Field runs up against

the price of success

Q

Bacrifice

general

film

is on

Which brings us to the point, they are apt to What are the rewards offered good to personal appetite.

this (yawning): Is today for talent? Not money,

funny? for that means nothing. Not

A. When Martha Raye fame. for that is sand through the screen with Charlie, very. the fingers.

A mun worth anything has a The reward is peace of mind.

burning need to express him As he rode he sulked, and as self. He

fights hard and he sulked he thought: "I'm not breaks through. And there he a spiv. I've worked all my life ia. where he always said he But this was a new "opportunity to get somewhere, to make would be. That is peace of for Carnegie. Unlike other Anancial magnates he had eschewed specula-Romething of myself, and now mind. tion in stocks and shares. In place I've done it I'm unpopular for of the debts that ruined them Car- doing it. Now, where do I go

with from here?" negie had good hard cash

I pressed him for de ils. Ten years ago he paid £21 for

every second-hand car, and as year went by he told himself tory soured. that he would one day have a Rolls-Bentley for £2,780. He put from here? down a deposit.

were

was virtually his sole female com- panion. Only when she died dld he TN 1862 he went for a holiday marry, at the age of 5h, a Miss Dunfermline and paid off the loang Louise Whitfield, of New York, a

which he bought their interests up his parents had raised to pay their y necessity forced them to sell but lady 21 years his junior.

Yet the accumulation of

money passage to America. Upon his re- 05

by cheaply. as money had no attraction for this turn he took another chance"

savings with

Before the depression reached its dynamic Scotsman. When he had investing his

life others in the purchase of the famous worst, he sold out most of his other secured a competence early in

hla he

pledged

to devote his Storey Farm on Oll Creek in wes- interests to plump the bulk of himself

capital into his Edgar Thomson steel Pennsylvania. tern surplus to benevolence.

oll- plant. Labour and materials Nearly every probe of the world

laughed cynically

the when he wrote; as his fortune was man's drill produced a "gusher" and cheap in depression; now was

which Carnegle fime to build for the inevitable re- rising to its peak, that the man of the property for wealth had

and his parents had paid £8,000 covery and boom. a duty to regard it

In 1873 the first steel rails came trust fund which he was bound to soon reached a value of £1,250,000.

drew from the Pittsburgh plant. Carnegie In the first year Carnegle administer for the good of the com- munity. The

laughter...stopped some £3,000 in dividends from this had powerful rivals, but was able when Carnegie began the task, one venture, the Columbia Oil Com-to undersell them because-ho-had which took him nearly 20 years, of pany, and for 25 years the dividends the most modern production unit in

and its most giving his

ac were to pour out from that decrepit the country money nway In

farm in a steady stream. cordance with that creed,

Poverty In Scotland

The tide of nationalisation moving across the face of Bri tain has made no impression on the vested interests of the CARNEGIE'S life began in a small two-storey stone coltage in Dun- Market Rasen Modern School

November fermline. Scotand, on Bee-keeping Company in Lin-25, 1835. His father, weaver, was colnshire.

too poor to provide for the

event

bour subsiluted for botit;

The 300 boy and glel shareholders | either doctor or midwife. A neigh- received a dividend of 125 percent on the one shilling shares which they subscribed from their spending money a decade ago. Last year a record dividend of 175 percent was paid.

He had ittle schooling, for as he grew older his parents became pro- gressively poorer as the competition of the factory system Cosi e shadow of unemployment over the hand-looms of Dunfermline.

Finally when Andrew was 13 the Carnegie family was constrained to

technicians.

You find

expert

The first time he could afford

It purchase tax had sent it up to £4,000, The next time, to So he bought an £6,000. American car-all above board, mind you, no funny business and the first time he rode in ita small boy shouted out "Spiv!"

By W. J. BROWN, MP

money melts?

XYE live in

quit Scotland and seek a living in contradictory or

But if anybody, even ajpave- ment urchin, says: "Why should he have it if I haven't?" to any sensitive man the gold is ashes, and the sweets of vic.

So where do we go

Smells WILLIAM

MR.

SAROYAN, the American writer, adds a programme note to explain his new play, "Angels Aghast."

Ho

says it means that I stink, you stink, we all

How frightening!

FORMONS

Mtioning for the right to belleve in' America are peti-. in polygamy, even if they don't practise it.

The very thought of it makes me shake and shiver with fright.

Talo of two coats

MET

American woman straight off the Queen Elizabeth. Her name is Mrs Maxwell Ander- son, she is the wife of the play- wright, and, because her husband is a good and famous playwright, she has two fur coats.

A

Thereby hangs my tale.

The Customs stopped her and asked her to pay duty on the second coat. She said it was horn. They said she might sell it here. She said she was only passing

They said through.

very. well-leave us a deposit on it in dollars and

when you

leave we'll pay you back.

In dollars, she asked? No,

In sterling, they said, let the lady go Finally,

they with a caution.

Now I call this unforgiv-

stink; but some of us are get- ably stupid and discourteous treat-

ting used to it...

Some of us too fast.

Film Q and A

A CR.LD'S GUILDE to the New Charlie Chaplin film, "Monsieur Verdoux."

Q. Daddy, does he have his funny hat and moustache and stick?

ment of a visitor. Talk about con- vertibility, this ig

18 black con- vertibility, I do not think our Customs officers should be encourog- ed to practise such smart business methods on our friends,

Wo may be poor but we're that poor.

Harry the Mole

not

The Little Fiddle,

Hey Hill, W.1.

DERE Freind, citizen who runs

I was reading how a certain some highly ex- clusive holes in the wall in our dere very West End was saying: "I am proud when young officer asks

One of the reasons given for de- tion until you get only' one rouble The drop does not indicate feors

-A.: Yes, child. of depression, or recession. Profits

Which in string timwever valstation is that prices have risen for each 10

But this What this amounts to, of course, time they're not funny ha-ha, in niany commodities to 10 or 5 are being ploughed back into the

paradoxical, times their 1930 levels. This is in a graduated capital levy. It is business. Fourteen-year-old Chair- man Harold Beech explained to the the new world of the United States can happen and often does,

controlled economy a completely

not the least among current ironies but funny ya-ya. uni general meeting that a new

They went to

to Allegheny City in The Russians have devalued ir. "uncontrolled" American cenno- of life that a device orignally work-

"soaking the rich" in Q. And does he find a beau- extractor was required.

Pennsylvania where two of Margaret the rouble and abolished ration ny and "portly controlled" British ed out for The directors that it was better Carnegie's sisters had settled

ling. For a long time past the economy. prices have indeed risen, capitalist countries thould now be tiful waif in the doorway and me to make his mother a raember

the standard of life feed her and make her belleve to have really good equipment than

like this extent. This applied to before. to pa

ew years for three years he was Russians have been expecting à again must be very confusing to the generally in Communist country. In the goodness of liter all the profits away in divi- pay

of

What does the abolition of ration- dends,

chairman sald, and the earning four dollars (16/-) a week breakdown in the capitalist faithful.

That plenty has ing mean?' recommendation was accepted by as telegraph operator. He was now

turned to Russia? the meeting,

Total dividenda pald

sixteen, repairing his scanty educa-8ystem in Western Europe and

years

The

felt

Two

somo

Stil more confusing is the second

out In 10 tlon with umnivorous reading and America. In terms of the reason the immense rise in prices on each shilling shore have revealing a mind rapidly maturing. dialectic. that breakdown was in Russia is, according to Stalin's been eight shillings pence, During

later he became assis-sooner or later "inevitable." All statement, due in large measure to years this period one and a quarter long tant to the superintendent

of the that the impact of war did was the activilles of "speculators." tons of honey have been produced, Pennsylvania Railroad at 30/-

But it is ten yeurs since Stalin to make it "sooner" rather The only shareholder who did not week. Ills boss

Was Thomas A.

announced that "elasa enemles" at 30-years-old son of athan "later."

Communism had been liquidated in burne, Conservative Member of Par-

do speculators liament, who was unable to attend he was

The approximate dates have Runsia. And how He sent a message responsible for the development of been worked out in the Kremlin come to exist in an economy where and they are not far away. In the State owns and controls every

receive his dividend was. Cyril Os-Sco With Cornelius Vanderbilt.

the meeting.

congratulating the company.

The meeting decided to cross Mr Osborne's name off the dividend lat. He will receive a jar of honey stead.-Associated Press.

former.

destined to

American transportation.

chiefly be

As Scott moved from post to post

to reach the presidency of the Penn case there should be any unfor-

Insylvania. Railroad, young

PICTURES DONE IN

PRISON CAMP

thing?

re-

..

A. Indeed he does. But she No. Standards of life there make goes off and becomes the girl- munitions mil even our exiguous standard in Bri-friend of tain seem opulent and extravagant lionaire. by comparison.

EQUAL MISERY

of my club. That is what I want.",

It may Interest you to know that

in

Dur

at the little evening snuggery wich I am quiefly interested members not only bring there mothere but there children as well. We have converted our bar

(The Capting's Poop-Wot-ho she bumps). Q. And what is he getting into a nursery with trained

purses (5ft 2ins., 34 hips, 26 waist, at?

Hub, and wal etc.) and the Members now.

In can only mean one of two A. He says that the logical things. First is that the attempt sequel to private enterprise is to "socialise misery" has broken

murder. down. There can come a point

ru-

etc.,

drink

in the coridor. For the older kiddles we have stamp collections, butter- flies (no drones, of course) and plc- ture albums' of Rebt. Helpmann. Our ony

trouble is that the Mem-

The manner of devaluation is in- in this process where this happens Q. *Coo. Lord McGowan bere will get into the playpeas, and Carnegie | scer delay "inevitablities of structive. It conforms to a principle from aheer inability to honour won't like that. Why did critic the little ones are apt to cluster. at

tions.

Another possible explana

At history" will be given appro- well known to Russia and begin flors is that the Russian Govern- praise it, then? 24 he was western superintendent priate "shoves" at the right ning to be tolerably well known in to

followed up close behind him.

and throughout the Civil War years time as in France and Italy. of 1801-1803 had: tha responsible

task of keeping the traing rolling

with troops and supplies for Lin- coln's armies.

Tough Job

:

*

chief

the bar but, wo`shall solve that one. A. He praised it because he I am, dere freind, yrs affcintly, Britain. It is that when you have to ment consciously and deliberately

Harry the Mole. Impose hardship on a population intend to allow price levels to rise.

rightly admires Mr Chaplin's The capital levy skims off some. you must not do it impartially: you purchasms off the purchasing!

Always wrong! power, A rise in price patent sincerity. .CURIOUS NEWS

so that levels must do it differentially

Q. And why does Capitalism some sections may feel a relative

lead to murder, daddy?

FREIND of mine uses the While the collapse of capital sense of comfort

In contemplating power of the masses.

Because Charlie says it A telephone rather, a lot. We do not know which is the ism was inevitable, however, the still greater seriacea exacted from

He has just received this note correct explanation, but either throws people out of work, Ninety-eight prison camp plctures,

triumph of Communism was other sections.

fatal to Communist pretensions, for which he thinks,, entitles them from a Mr J. Daugherty, painted by Corporal Charles Thrale

both are the outcome 'not of plenty

clerk, London Telecommunications SACRIFICE CALL with brushes made from his own IT was a tough job for a tough sure, for in the Communist

but of scarcity so great as to demand to kill others in order to sur- Region, West Aren.

in connection ...all charges lair and colours bolled from the man. Carnegle developed toughness system of society, all those far-

were put on show and an amazing ability in handling tors which under capitalism In Britain, whenever workers are measures vastly more stringent than vive themselves. backs of old

Q: Doesn't Communism throw with the telephone are payable on In London recently."

men to get the last ounce of effort

people out of work?

demand, but owing to the impracti- Most of the paintings are power-out of tired train crows, refractory make for inevitable collapso called upon for sacrifice the cail is any yet applied in America or

This makes the sought to be made less irksome by Britain.

dear. It throws America abolished price Capitalist elaborately and ostentatiously hav

No.

them cablilty of requesting payment for for calls im- ful, terrifying pictures telling the repair gangs, and in holding at bay, were absent.

news of the devaluation of the ing a crack at the middle-classes. controls and what rationing it had into concentration comps, which is amounts incurred of Britons who slaved for the Impatient freighters.

mediately the service is given, such Poverty had made bim a men rouble all the more curious. So in Russia, under the devalua. Now Communist Russia abolishes much tidier.. Japanese, building the infamous

in the six to "price me

Q. Then why does Charlie think tion scheme announced by Stalin, rationing and reverts to

charges are in arrear de- boy. Responsibility railroad of death in Slam.

when a

It's better than Capitalism?

monthly accounts rendered. of the dollar, poland and rouble. If you have 3,000 roubles in the chanism." Thrale, now happily in veloped in him qualities of supreme

living

Communist and capitalist meat in (or enough to buy two cults

At Because he is a dreamer, but "In the circumstances, it is neces- Brixton with his wife and a dough-

survived. ter, is gaining a reputation as

But of aism, quickness of decision, desertive- the dialectle, anve

for ench

the promising portrait painters.

ness, and a cocksureness that com- the dollar and pound, thoughs some rouble

old formation. It will naturally happen the one problem for the work to a security to be held against cail the possibility of what diminished in purchasing reubles: if you

havo He could have sold his POW picpletely ignored

between that If you go sufficiently far in one solve is to find a polley of full ein- charges, and I have, therefore, to asic 10,000 roubler his power it is true, survive. It is the 3,000

you to forward a deposit for £15 for (or dicection you will ultimately come ployment plus personal liberty, tures many times, but prefers to failure in anything he turned

to

Q Is he in love with his heroine this buy

purpose within the most seven six...sults of to the point you started from. Con- Impregnable rouble which has first enough show them around, the country, to hand to.

days." provide money for widows and or

* clothes) you will get only one clusion: It would appear that we and does sho spurn him? Carnegie's experience in railroad had to be devalued.

At No. I'm afraid Charlie is off Oh, dear, There goes the cus- phans of comrader who died in construction: convinced him that ...

*#

women-He-hints that he thinks tomer. Wrong againi.. to the faithful,

old, and so in diminishing propor- and expense of the journey. captivity-Associated Press.

story

"

-confidence amounting to egot-only the last should, on the basis of bothes) you will get one new a world which is circular. In con-ho has not yet grasped the truth that sary, in vlow of the heavy uses, for..

of

fron instead of wood should be used This must be extremely conturing new rouble_for_every two_of_the_ should save ourselves the trouble