1947-04-26 — Page 4

Educational reconstruction is

the immediate aim of UNESCO, of which Dr Julian Huxley, British scientist, is first director

UNESCO SETS A TARGET

By LESLIE R. ALDOUS

Editor of United Nations Nows

ed. You can do much!"

How do the facts bear out this moving appeal for Help? UNESCO as been getting together a mass of information and can already present a graphite picture of the require- ments of countries which have got to start from scratch in rebuilding their educational system. Minimum Needs

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, APRIL 26, 1947.

TARGET of £20,000,000 "You not Lomor- Ahas been set by Ulow or have to help us, you amore help us today, immediately, present- -the United Nations Educa- ly, without any delay. Our schools tional, Scientific and Cultural are roofless. Our teachers faint be- Organisation for educational cause they are starving and exhaust- reconstruction in war devastat- ed countries during 1947.

Dr Julian Huxley, well-known British scientist, who Is UNESCO's Orst Director- General, is plunging into the campaign to bring first aid to the schools of Europe and Asia with a speed and energy which aro confounding the critics They were in full cry just be fore Christmas, during the Or- ganisation's first General Con- ference in Paris. UNESCO, they loudly proclaimed, was bit- ing off more than it could chew. And, indeed, more than 100 pro- jects of different kinds seemed too ambitious a programme for any organisation to take in its siride.

Matters of Urgency

The

simplest and commonest articles in use in ordinary schools, just do not exist in countries where the educational systems have been shattered. Το gel completely

schools going again, here Europe's are a few of the minimum material books, needs: 70,000,000 exercisé 150,000,000 pencils, 10,000,000 pens, 40,000,000 pen nlbs. 7,000,000 erasers, 40,000,000 sheets of drawing paper- und that leaves out of account such items as simple geometrical instru- ments, water

THE PARKERS

by HODGES

It's Enn Finding Out

Gold, diamonds and

HE royal family visit to South Africa was made at a very nice time of year. South Africa is like Australia and all those countries the other side of the equator. When it's winter 'here it's summer over there.

The first white people to colour paints and go to South Africa did not These estimates are for Europe fully appreciate this. They

brushes.

a

Portuguese seamen trying to reach India, and as the custom was to start off from Portugal at the beginning of the summer it was always winter when they reached the Cape.

alone. They climinate entirely the were needs of such countries ng Chins, Burma and the Philippines, In calculated that the Chiun, It destruction of educational Institu- What the crities overlooked was tions and equipment represents that there was never any intention loss amounting to 700,000,000 U.S. of tacking all these schemes at once, dellars. For the Philippines, the sum Many were only Included in needed to reconstruct school build

Ings and to replace supplies and order to get UNESCO's longer equipment is estimated at 113.000.000 programme in perspective.

วกพ

to

ed countries before everything else.

How tremendous those needs are only those who have seen for them- selves the results of German or Japanese occupation can really un-

lack

On the

sunshine

by Bernard Wicksteed

It is much easier to understand Bantus feel about the

how the whites. You have only to think back to the time the Americans were here to know what it is like to be invaded by people with more money, mare more clothes and more in- Buchce with the taxi drivers.

the Conference, It was left Dr US dollars.

So they didn't think much of Huxley to decide upon the matters The plight of the devastated coun- the place. In fact, they re- of greatest urgency. He, quite tries extends far beyond the rightly, is putting the restoration of of schools and equipment. There is garded it as little more than an education and culture in the liberut also a serious dearth of teachers. In obstacle put in their way

Czecho-Slovakia, for example, only make the passage harder. one-fifth of the number of teachers About the first European needed for primary and secondary settlers were ten British con schools are available. university level, almost all teachers vius who were put ashore and Poland left there to get provisions for have disappeared. 'come reports that the remaining passing ships. They didn't

teachers are living under. terrible think much of it either. conditions and many are BO im-

One of them was killed by poverished that they cannot resume

four were their work. In Greece the salary of the untives,

swept One of the dimculties is that the a teacher is about sixpence a day;

selves on what is the best thing to in consequence, most teachers have out to sea on a raft, and the Europeans can't agree among them-

others were taken back to do. and hanged thieving.

derstand.

Listen to the wards of a Polish delegate to UNESCO-

From

"I am not a bit ashamed to tell

friends, that we on the you,

Con- tinent are terribly poor. We are terribly poor and we are proud to be poor. The reason for our poverty is that we have been ruled and de- had to give up teaching and to find vastated because we refused to ac- other work in order to keep them-England cept the

of Fascism-because we selves alive. rule fought, struggled, resisted.

You-con

ask the Poles, the Yugo-Slavs or the Sources of Help

Greeks, and they will all tell you

"For the work of educational,

Ulie same terrible story. Their fire- scientific and culturoi reconstruc-

sent plight is the consequence of tton." ដឆត Dr Julian Huxley, their struggle and resistance.

SIDE GLANCES

COPR, EMT BY HER SERVICE, MC, T, M. ATG LUM

(Continued on Page 10)

By Galbraith

2-27

"Oh, can't we cirole the field awhile? This lovely man and I are just beginning to know each other?”

Skeleton

URUES ACROSS

doom'

. Daper a

Joinkingly

it seems.

10. Publleled in

A frean way.

11. His pa made him a soldier.

12. Such stilk!- Dosa is littla loss th dumb anger.

16. Pillar with

our a Dist. 17. Not all there. 1. Possibly

married fan.

19. My

put up

bo

down to get

You out

91. Tailbira

may bare about but can't'17.

23. Pus apart we below.

More than genuine country. 10. He's no botter thaa, you are, 30. Nos stable mounta, obviousl? CLUES DOWN

7. They beat the dogs ovary time.

Erasttake in which the Cock... ney fistened to you,awo-hour." Amplant for Sidraag MorrisoEL I raska rour turn on this Fars of the ohuren

Que period.

for

No ice ages SCIENTISTS believe the first

South Africans were among the earliest people in the world, and they base this theory on the examination of two fossi lised skulls. and a skeleton that have been dug up there in the last 30 or 40 years.

What is certain is that even in prehistoric times South Africans were luckier with the weather than we were, for they didn't have the ice ages to in- So terrupt the flow of life. mankind-has-had-a-longer-con- tinuous innings there than any where in Europe.

One of the effects of this can be seen in the primitive art of the country. In Europe there are not many prehistoric rock paintings because the ice des- troyed them, but in South Africa there are hundreds.

The present population is about ten million, of which six and a half million are Bantus. These Bantus are a cross between Negroes and. people of the same race as the Moors and Berbers at North Afrlen. Through their forebears they have in their veins the blood of people with a civilisation older than any- thing in England or Holland.

Besides the Bantus there are Indlang,

Hottentots. Bushmenixed blooded

of

food,

After gold mining comes formning, and the farmers have their owit troubles, too. They suffer from land erosion (due to mistakes made by early settlers), droughts, locusts, llons, ticks, politicians and rinder- pest.

Rinderpest is a disease which at tacks cattle, giraffes, buffaloes qud untelupes.

South

To get rid of the Incusts Africans use poison bait. They have also discovered a small fly that lays. eggs in the locusts' heads and doesn't do them any good.

If these te drawbacks don't put you off and you think you'd like to farm in South Africa you can get the land for nothing by the simple expedient of producing 12 sons (daughters don't count). President Kruger first made this promise, and

it was honoured a year or two back by the Union Government,

Royal diamond

RESIDES gold and farmers' sons,

If there hadn't been this difference of opinion there might never have

another important produce Is been a Boer War. When the British diamonds. The biggest white dia- was found in Arst took over Cape Colony they had monit in the world the West African slave trade on South Africa. It weighed a pound their conscience, and the can it by knows what it would have fetched in and three-quarters, and no one being lenient with the natives who

the open

pen market.

because it was given away—to King Edward VII,

It was found in a mine that in 28 years produced seven tons of dia- monds.

were rolding Dutch farms and mur- dering the farmers.

This gave the Boers a natural dis- like for the British which, has been kept up in varying degrees ever since, though many of the most active contemporary haters have forgotten how it all began.

So much for the people and what conditions? These vary according to Now how about, living they do.

what colour you are.

What do South Africans do for a The old-age pension is a good

living? Their top industry, be yru know, is gold mining. About 170- 000,000 worth of new gold is mined every year, and of this South Attica produces more than a third.

illustration of this. If you are white you get £42 a year, if you're an Indian you get £21 and if you're a native you get £12.

Housewives

(white) have

an

oaster time because they can get a servant for 30s to £4 a month,

ABBEY BELL

RANG FLOOD ALARM

The bell of the centuries-old ruine abbev nt Crowland, Lines, rang out in alarm when the Cowbit Wash burst its banks and the flood carried before it cattle. trees and, later. rescue lorries.

These were swept into the fields as. while the bell tolled, they sped out. towards marooned farms.

One got through to Eneko Mre William Lyon and her two-weeks-old baby from the farm of Mr Marcus Hardy.

But the flood caught up with it, and all were. thrown into five feet of water.

Ansther lorry got near enough to carry them to safety.

Boots carried on the rescue work over 5,000 acres of flooded farmland. Last to be rescued were Farmer Reed with his wife and daughter. They were la a bedroom with their plgy and chickens.

Eton Bey Brian Hawkes, aged 17. said, "I'm staying" when the rest of the school went home..because of flooding. He is a St John Ambulance worker and is said to be doing "a wonderful job."""

A punt was the hearse at a Thames Ditton funeral,

Water was bolling in many cellars in West Bridgford, Nolts, where foods were short-circuiting electric

There are two oMelal Innguages. | muins." English and Afrikaans, which makes Too little water closed Scotland's ! things rather complicated, as notices Caledonian Canal for the first ilme and forms have to be printed in both. I in 52 years. Freezing of catchment

areas had lowered the level of Lucl Alriknons is a local form of Dutch Oich to three feet.

which real Duiclimen can just about understand. English-speaking South Africans have a tendency to end their sentences with the word "man," rather like the stage Welshman.

Midnight picnic

ONE of the most pleasant Institu- Braaivleis, a sort of midnight picnle which you cook your food on n

Alro camp

und dance .to

tions In South Africa is the

you are

nakkes,

accordion.

But wherever you go liable to bo bitten by Scorpions or masty le poisonous spiders.

There are

wild

a great many animals in South Africa and one of the best places to see them is the Kruger National Park, which is 250 miles long.

If you drive through the park in a car the llons won't attack you, but elephants on the road offen cause a traffic block.

their visits to South Africa as well If the early Portuguese had ilmed

as the King and Queen they would have swept coast, a land os sunny

found, instead

wale- their own.

of a

15

bit they'd have found that, because And if they had moved about a the rainy season in one half comes at a different time from the other,

it is possible to live in the sun ali the year round.

There

Device Reads Out Loud

Now the scientists have developed a device which "reads out loud.

They say it may be possible to have the instrument read to, a blind or handicapped person or to people "Just too lazy to read."

This robot-reader was developed in the Bell teleptione Laboratories. Es first recitation The choice for was "Mary had a le lamb, its. fleece was as white as snow,"

At present it ennnot read a book. It can only read large-sized paper patterns mounted on a background of contrasting colour.

But Dr Oliver Buckley, president of the Laboratories, said that if the talking paper mbols could be reduced to small size they could be printed Press.

from type Aspoclated

Baroness Orczy's Memoirs Ready

Eighty-year-old

Baroness

Em- muska Orczy, who wrote "The Scarlet Pimpernel" and 53 other memaira, "Links In the Chain of historial romances, will release her

as soon as her publishers re-

Actiont in 1043 after the death of her The Baroness stopped writing husband, Montague Barstoe, but for many years she had been one of the most prolific writers of historic nl novels.

arc pinces where it is "eive enough paper. nimost possible to do this without even moving, the skilled

A Kimberley, where most of the diamonds come from. the sunshines-for-on-average-78 percent of the day all the round.

the droughts and

So, in spite of the racial problems, spiders,

the poisonous South Africa hos Its advantages.

Roughly speaking. work is done by whites and all the Altogether, since the-time-records- labouring jobs by natives: mines have produced £2,000,000,000 and wages for Europeans are found were first kept, the South African On the whole, the, cost of living worth of gold-or enough to pay for about the same as they are in Eng- several months of modern warfare, lund. Butter costs 29. 4d. a lb. and Nearly all the South African gold cheese 18. 10d. A clerk gets £7-28 comes from a reef in the Transvaal. a week and u typist £5-CO.

".

year

She lives so quietly that few people know she is in London. She has just spent her Arst winter in England since she was a girl- United Press.

7000 mph, 3-TON ROCKETS

Germans were planning them

DOCKET projectiles with a speed of 7,000 m.p.h. and

I

more

45

30 Mars

KEINERL DESCENT

FULL #1 BUT AF SITE

TELACITY SIDH DTİZLE,

BEGIRRİES OF CUISE

hurted 45-50 miles high by Germany if the war had not Chinese, the

ended. coloureds;" the whites

British selentists now believe that even Europein descent

from Holland,

fantastic weapons can be bulli, with speeds of more Britain, Poland than 8,000 m.p.l. in the outer atmosphere. France, Germany, and the Battle.

Such projectiles are among the objects of rocket 15/ research in Britain and America. that the range has been increased to more than 3,000 miles-the width of the Atlantic..

FOR LONDON, TOO

So you can see that, even though the weather is good, they have the makings there of good deal of

friellon. It is difficult for us to un-. derstand how the white South Afri-

We know already

cans feel about the coloured people from the German winged V2, which was to follow the Some idea of how it will be done can be gained

Crosswor

a. A gota tho anglers, balt (two

worda).

9. The man with money to quite

capable of being unhappy.

13. What are worn are los

modesty requires.

TN tuls crossword yua sta naked to all in the black squares and clae numbers, as well as the words. Four tack squares and Tour numbers have been inserted I to gire you `n starte

The black squares forts a 70. metrical design `the top half of the pursta balances the bottom half and the two sides correspond, Boʻyou can fill in another 19 black Mudres at once.

a study of the clue numbers vill show you that 28 Across must be a seven-letter word; that means thero must be another seven-letter word in the same position in the top all of the pusxin. wifet; mirat be 19 Aeros

Working thus, you can it in the design as zon sulre the clues, No words of fewer than three- letters to used.

than

PHA

R

14. JUUS OYer half a sovereign. 15. No detraction from the

Clendono,

shout In

do, divo; the girt a

2. fod it for your home eatab

tishmant

ZACH STUA SIKUS would be cracY. Quipped coupon.

in forino.

MA Ering Kapɔ to be backward ?

LAST WEER'S SOLUTION

TOCK

ordinary bullet-shaped type which fell on London.

This was to have a first-stage booster, a form of auxillary motor which would hurl the V2 tó about 80,000) feet and then fall back to the ground on a parachute, Speed-3,000 m.p.h,

In the next stage the ordinary V2 rocket motor would send it up 10 45 miles about 220,000ft-at 6,000 m.ph. It reaches that height In two minutes and then starts to descend to 20 miles, 100,000ft.

At the end of this steep descent F's speed would have bulit up to 7,000 m.p.h. By then it would be in relatively dense alr on which. - two charply swept back wings would

have some "bile."

Fri 103100 VELDENTY

KLIKE BANKE ÁRITT 2015 MILES, FLIGHT THE: 45 MI),

45 BLES

CENTRSES TO CLIMA

SATER GER FUNES

30

BOOTTEN SETTIESTEN

M. AFTER TAKE-OFF

CRITIAL CLIKS

WITH ROOSTEN

Mr Doolittle, Now An Oil Executive,

Prefers Not To Recall Tokyo Raid

FLATTENING OUT

Jimmy Doolittle, five years Į He points out that 80 men, all! The wings would cause it to

In his 30th floor Rockefeller, office flatten out

on its after he led the first American equally important, were Involved in New York, Doolittle asks that he and continue momentum for 40 minutes, grair raid on Tokyo, would rather and dismisses the whole thing as an

be called "Mr" Instead of general. dually losing speed and staying in not talk about the memorable "unpleasant jobs that had to be done the ult for more than 2,000 miles.

He argues that if "Me" in good and was done on that basia.”

enough, for an ex-private or sergeant it will do ano for alleutenant- be gathered by comparing it with Doolittle now is vice-president of the power of

the world's most an oil company and went to Miami, "the boys"those who participated. Doolittle lives with his wife in a

Doolittle hears frequently from general in the reserves. Powerful jet propulsion unt.

'n reunion with.

Some idea of the power of the raid of April 18, 1942. rocket motor driving the V2 can

This

tho

is equivalent to 10,000 hp. Florida, for The rocko: totals about 108,000 men who flow with him on that first in the Toyko raid...

attack on Japan's capitol.

Averse

h.p. Endi would

One of the boys, Jacob Deshazor, have cost about £500. A. warhead of only 2001b,

to... personal | publicity, | the only civilian now among those would have been fitted, although Doolittle says he is embarrassed that who survived the Japanese prison the total weight would have been the mission became known as the camps, plans to go back to Japan more than three tons.

Doolittle Rald.”

shortly as a missionary:

Park Avenue apartment.

Their two sons are Air Force omcers.

The Doolittles don't own an automgullo and he frequently walks 1.40 blocks to his office,