1941-02-19 — Page 12

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"If you invade Spain and Portugal, we shall not resist. But I warn [you, you will be sorry if

February 19, 1941;

·ROCIO SQUARE, LISBON'S FLOWER MARKET.

WHY PORTUGAL REMAINS NEUTRAL

you make such a tragic

Hongkong Telegraph. blunder the same fatal

mistake that Napoleon

Wednesday, February 19, 1941. made, and that paved

By

NEUTRAL

DOUGLAS BROWN

marking the foundation of Por- tugal in 1140, when Alfonso Henriques beat back the Moors, and also marking the restora- tion of the nation's indepen- dence in 1640, after 60 years of above to explain side, or, rather, is at the point subjugation to the Spanish inted by the longlong Telegraph to barely enough food in Hitler's failure to go into where the two spheres neatly. Crown. The many ceremonies, Spain and Portugal to Spain and Portugal. You intersect. Equilibrium, if pre- curtailed and bereft of foreign bear the ladication Up" is received in feed ourselves. If your will not hear it on the street

Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 26015

THE predx "Special to the Telegraph" news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni- cations Ordinance, 1936 Buck now AS

Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who the

the way for his ultimate downfall. There is just counted

neren all rights and forbid republications, soldiers come in, we corners, under the palm and nerangutent, in part without previous shall all starve to- pepper trees of Lisbon's play

THAILAND

Britain as emphasised half a dozen of her

newspapers,

strikes

n

carious, is maintained.

*

the

though visitors

they were, showed that Portugal, in cele- brating its own history, was ON the other hand, Portu- honouring just those qualities gal, as part of the Iberi- of Europeanism which render lazy avenues, but in the em- an Peninsula, is dependent to the most spectacular Continen- gether."

bassies and diplomatie cir- some extent on decisions taken tal conquests transitory.after Hitler so the story goes

In June, 1940, just about the -was so deeply impressed cles of the Portuguese in, or forced upon, Madrid. As all. THAILAND'S friendship for by this message from a capital.

a Latin and Roman Catholic by fellow dictator, with its Just about a week before the dictatorship, Portugal owes no time the national exhibition was historic but abortive meeting special allegiance to the demo- opened, there came a dramatic daily warning reference to his with Hitler at San Sebastian, cratic principles which Great opportunity for a modern ex-. European ideal. It was then note, favourite historical charac- Salazar quietly slipped out of Britain professes. As a small pression of loyalty to' the sincerity of which Canter, Bonaparte, that he Lisbon and, under cover of the and virtually defenceless power, that the stream of war refugees

most complete secrecy,

met Portugal has naturally been im-

ex-kings, millionaires, Riviera scarcely be doubted, bearing in abandoned, or at least post General Franco in a convenient pressed by the fate of the coun. burst across the frontiers, and mind the long tradition of amity poned indefinitely, his ly isolated spot, halfway between tries which have unsuccessfully idlers, Jews, Flemish peasants, between the two countries on scheme for taking over Madrid and the Portuguese tried to resist the German arms. Allied statesmen, impoverished But the scales are balanced British subjects, came pouring were treated with a which Japanese manoeuvres to Spain and Portugal. This is frontier. Here the two Iberian atlain predominant third-party the tale you hear whispered dictators held a conference last on the other side. There is a in. All influence have made little more on the broad, busy boule- ing several days. They thrashed long-standing antagonism be- generosity that was in startling out thoroughly the many thorny tween the Portuguese and the contrast to the heartlessness than a big dent. Is Thailandvards and the narrow, bust- problems troubling Hispanic Spaniards which precludes any which, for the moment, seems to going to straighten out this dentling streets of Lisbon. How Portuguese relations. Above all, automatic assimilation by one of have gripped the rest of the

much of it is fact and how they agreed on a united attitude the other's foreign policies. The Continent. to convince Britain that she

Portuguese dictatorship is a Meanwhile, Lisbon, where the much fancy is anybody's toward the Nazis. really is not working under

Thus, in a joint master move, theocracy which places the American Clipper meets the guess. Nowhere in the world Dr. Salazar and General Franco family above the State, and is, European air liners, became the Japanese compulsion, or have does one hear so many neatly cut the ground from un- therefore, ideologically, at the junction of Europe for the more- our observers on the spot known all political rumours as in Por der the feet of their visitor. opposite pole from Naziism and the time that it was fear of Japanese tugal. Crowded as it is with Hitler's trump card at San Fascism. Above all, the Portu- fact, the only truly cosmopoli- aggression through Indo-China that people of all nationalities, Sebastian was to be an offer to guese Empire resta now entire- tan city in the Old World,

General Franco to unite Portu- ly on British sea power, so that Into this narrow channel are cession of territory valuable for de- with travellers and refugees gal to Spain-an old Spanish the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance

intellectual contacts between trying to get through almost ambition. By getting together -Europe's most ancient alli- now concentrated all the free the only doorway from the and agreeing to stay apart, but ance-though so far uninvoked the two hemispheres, just as trated there in the seventeenth feared that Japan meant to use the flaming old world to the to co-operate, the two Iberian in the present struggle, is still most of the trade was concen- A country where there is such century. It is but the latest opportunity to set Indo-China against new, Lisbon in particular leaders forestalled and disarmed a potential force.

a delicate balance of foreign In phase of Portugal's role as the Thailand, establish herself firmly in has become the perfect set- both, settle their differences with ating for spy stories, for re-

So that according to the rected country which is instrument of historical pro- very hard velvet glave and then de-ports of international in-

reports one hears in separated by a wide and would- cesses in the wider world.

be neutral neighbour from the Yet in itself Portugal remains cide what was the next best thing to trigue. There is no doubt rumour-laden Lisbon-is why actual theatre of war, has the a small, compact, peasant na- that underneath much Portugal is still, in all probabi- special duty and privilege at this tion, subject to those economic Britain all fears that the "next romantic fiction is a lot of lity, the most completely neutral time to preserve what can be ills to which such communities best thing" for Japan to do will be actual fact that is even country in Europe.

preserved of the deeper values are peculiarly liable in times of There are other countries as of European civilisation.

Dr upheaval. 'international anxious to keep out of war, but

★

Oliveira Salazar's corporative conflict rages so fiercely around

PORTUGAL showed itself state has many internal prob-

contend with, well fitted for this im- lems to portant role in last year's though Adolf Hitler's legions double, centenary celebrations may never cross the Pyrenees. Financial rectitude has been his watchword, and it stil! is, though to-day the sardine market has shrunk alarmingly, and cork and wine pfter uncer- tain markets.

led the little country to demand the

fensive purposes?

From the reports published it was

du.

something

very

for .unpleasant Britain, dictated as it will be by Mr stranger.

Hitler. No Japanese can protest against this statement: the utterances of her leading statesman have all bren of one kind-we will expand

this scheme.

FOR instance, there is them that they seem already the real story be- part of the battlefield. Portu- gal still remains outside the south, by force if necessary; Ger-hind the popular version re- sphere of influence of either many and Italy are our friends and we base our ideals on theirs; we will help them al we can we dislike Britain and America because they are helping China; we do not want to Aght those countries, but ave will i they try to stop our immutable polley of establishing Japanese leadership over all Asia..

It is heartening news that Britain ins thrown her forces to the borders of Malaya and that within the mighty stronghold of Singapore powerful air units are established ready to inke up the gauntlet if it should be thrown down.

Tholland may find more need for lær newly acquired nationalism if her guess that she was next on the list of Japanese objective was right. From the British she has nothing to fear... "A gun in the hand of a friend we fear no more than a walk- Jag stick."

Certainly Britain does not want to take on any more commitments than sho has to but when will Japan and her Axis Allies learn that the Empire's right and her will to fight for her- self and her friends la just as im mulable Б the everlasting Nippon Empire? Let us hope that they will learn in the East a lesson froin the West where, though the end of the lesson has not been reached, our re- markable ability is rapidly becoming us prominent as our immutable_will,.

ON THE COSTA DO SOL, ESTORIL, PORTUGAL.

moneyed travellers-became, in

even

PORTUGUESE economy.

since the Methuen Treaty has been built up on, the assumption of a considerable and specialised flow of trade with Great Britain. A check in that flow might bring disaster; but. fortunately, the British Ministry of Economic Warfare is aware that the commercial health of Portugal is n British strategie interest of the first im- portance. The future in depen- dent on the course of the war in the Mediterrancan.

Many outside observers be- Ifeve that the best policy for Portugal, when pence comes ngain, will be that political out- look, uncovered and modernised rather than introduced by Dr Salazar, which draws realiam from the soll and Idealiam from. the philosophy of family and social relationships.