DONALD DUCK
REMEMBER,
DON'T ARGUE WITH COPS!
DO WHAT THEY SAY...
AND DO
OKAY!
IT FAST!
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Well Bech Por
Wednesday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
OH, OH! 'A COP!
PULL OVER TO THE CURB, TOOTS!
February 19,
1941.
Libears; Siprema
By Walt Disney
WELL, HOW DID I KNOW WHICH CURB
HE MEANT?
WALT DISNEY
FOR A TASTY BREAKFAST.
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REGULAR ARRIVALS OF FRESH STOCKS
GRIN. AND
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By Lichty TRUST IN
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ON YOU
EUREKA LIFE WARAKE CQ.
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Crossword Puzzle
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GOD-AND
AN ADMIRALTY CHART
How The British Navy Surveys The
+
World's Seas For The World's Seamen
It is not only as a "policeman of the seas" that the British ata Navy contributes to the safety of peaceful shipping. The Ad- miralty has. for cen- turies been helping the mariners of all nations by its survey
work in every ocean and along the coasts of many lands,
ww
All through the year, in peace time, the survey ships of the Royal Navy are at work adding to mankind's knowledge of the navigable globe.
In the most recent re- port (1939) of the Hydro- grapher of the Navy, who is in charge of the work,
are accounts of survey the ships at work in Orkney Islands, on all the coasts of England and Scotland, off Labrador, in New Zealand, in the Per- sian Gulf, the Red Sea, the China Seu, and off the coasts of Malaya, Somali- land and Ceylon.
SERVICE TO ALL
SEAMEN
During 1939 a total length of 509 miles of -coastline was surveyed, and soundings, or depths, were taken over an area of 3,267 square miles. In addition, astronomical, tidal and meteorological observations were made in many areas.
All this work was under- taken for the benefit of seafarers at large, for through the International Hydrographic Bureau the Hydrographic
by TAFFRAIL
(The Famous Naval
Writer)
3
99
detailed maps of all the oceans, seas, gulfs, straits, inlets, and harbours that may ever be visited by ships.
CO-OPERATIVE
EFFORT
So far as the British Empire is concerned, most of the information which
appears on these charts has been, and is still being provided by the Surveying Service of the Royal Navy,
and the kindred services now maintained in India; most of the British Domi-
nions and many Colonies.
Local harbour boards and authorities contributé detailed information of their own
areas, while valuable information is often supplied by vessels- of-war and merchantmen. Foreign Governments also contribute their quota, and the whole mass of in- formation thus acquired is sorted, sifted, tabulated or engraved upon charts for the benefit of all those who voyage by sea.
The work has gone on for centuries, and British charts have achieved a reputation for accuracy which long since caused an old navigator to' coin the phrase "Put your trust in God and an Ad- miralty chart.”
Some of the oldest of the many original charts in the Admiralty's posses- sion date from the middle
the Depart of
17th century. ment of the Admiralty Among them are several exchanges all its latest fine specimens drawn on charts and navigational skins. One of the finest information with foreign I have seen is the splendid Governments.
drawing on vellum of Dampier's voyage to the East Indies in 1699-1700.
The Hydrographic De- partment of the Admiralty. was established in 1795 for the production of naviga- tional charts, its first chief being an officer named Dalrymple who for years had been in the ser- vice of the East India Company. Nowadays, apart from chart produc- tion, the Department also undertakes the compila- tion and issue of Sailing Directions; Lights Lists, Tide Tables and other navigational aids for every ocean in the world.
Here, however, we are primarily concerned with the charts, or accurate,
The original charts with which Lord Aņson voy- aged round the world in 1740-1744 are still in exis- tence. So are all the ori- ginals drawn by that cele- brated navigator, Captain James Cook, between 1758 and 1779. Incidentally, much of Cook's work has not been altered and still remains upon our modern charts.
WORK NEVER
ENDS
A host of navigators and hydrographers, some famous, some almost forgotten, have
contributed to our present wide knowledge, bút much still remains to be done, and the work never ceases. Our knowledge can never be too exact.
The surveying ships work out of sight and largely out of mind, often in lonely places far from civilisation. A sur-
vey of a coast or harbour em- braces an exact triangulation, astronomical observations, to- pographical work, tidal re- cords over a long period, the compilation of sailing direc- tions, selection and drawing of views most likely to be use- ful, and soundings., Sound- ings, or depths, are taken either with lead and line, or by the modern electrical ap- pliance known as the "echo- meler," which projects. an electrical impulse to the sen bottom and notes the time the . ceho takes to return.
extraordinary thoroughness.
Soundings are taken with
The records of depths are set down on "plotting-boards” in the boats, and then trans- ferred to the "fair sheet" in the survey ship. So many soundings are taken that the the figures often appear sheet in a density of 200 to the square inch..
on
All doubtful shoals, banks
and-ledges-are-examined-with- elabornie care, while the exnet nature of the bottom is in- variably noted. Isolated rocka likely to be dangerous to ship- ping are located by sweeping with a wire stretched horizon- tally beneath the surface from two boats.
Almost all of those tiny figures representing depths seen on an Admiralty chart have been taken by hand, even in the wide spaces of the Paci-
Atlantic fic,
and Indian
Oceans.
SKILL AND
ACCURACY
When the surveying ship: has completed her laborious task she returns to a base and her specialists plot their re- sults on paper. The complet- ed drawing then goes to the Chart Branch of the Hydro- graphic Office in London, und, after being checked and re- checked and possibly added to, it is sent to the engravers to be etched upon the copper plate from which it will even- tually be printed. The work of the chart engraver is highly skilled, and an apprenticeship of seven yours is required be- fore he can qualify for the work. Accuracy to one-hun- dredth of an inch is insisted
upon.
Accuracy is the rule for everyone in Admiralty survey work, from the sailor taking soundings from a boat in some remote spot on the ocean, to the engraver completing the etching of a chari,
Because of that accuracy, and the world-wide extent of the Admiralty's operations the British Surveying Service is able to make its unique contri- bution to the safety and off- ciency of international navi- gation.
DESİ
ITALO-GREEK PARLEY-Grook Evzona, right, one of famod mountain fighters, chats with Italian prisoner in prison camp somewhere in Groeco. Il Duce hardly expected fierce resist- ance of Evzones when he instituted Grook campaign.
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