1940-11-19 — Page 12

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November 19, 1940.

YEAR AGO, ADOLF HITLER STARTLED THE WORLD BY CONCLUDIN FRIENDSHIP TREATIES WITH HIS OLD ARCH ENEMY, SOVIET RUSSIA HOV ACCORD PROSPERED BOTH AS TO FRIENDSHIP, AND TRADE? THIS ARTI THE "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR SHOWS BY MEANS OF NUMEROUS QUOTATIONS FROM STATISTICS, PRESS COMMENTS AND SPEECHES THAT RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO DICTATORSHIPS ARE ANYTHING BUT CORDIAL, AND MAY HELP YOU TO EVALUATE THE TALKS BETWEEN HITLER AND MOLOTOV IN BERLIN LAST WEEK

Russo-German Pact:

It Working?

Is

THE first anniversary

of the German-Rus-

sian friendship pact of

By

OTTO ZAUSMER

American Economist and Lecturer on European Affairs

August 23, following the which were incorporated on-

When the Russo-Finnish war

The whole election campaig in the Baltic States was based on the slogan "liberato the Baltic peoples from the Fascist plutocratic yoke.” A well- informed Socialist paper, the ...Socialdemocraten,

How deeply the GermaIA TO- sented the Soviet incorporation of Lithuania, Latvia, and' · Estonia may be judged from the hurried evacuation of Germana from Lithuania, Laiyla, and Estonia when Russia began its diplomatie offensive in the Balllo.

trade pact of August 16, tirely in the U.S.S.E. a few was nearly ended, the German Stockholm 1939, brought official weeks ago gavo Russia com- Foreign Minister, Joachim von saw in the Russian move in the plete control over the eastern Ribbentrop, visited the Pope and Baltic a sign that for the celebrations but little half of the Baltic Sea. Up to is understood to have suggested Soviet the Ukrainian chapters of then, it had been more or less "Holy Alliance" against the Mein Kampf' are still decisive," 2 German "mare nostrum." "red" danger of the Soviet. He trade or friendship.

Despite assurances of Germany, moreover, through hinted that the Reich would this action, has lost the import- participate in such "n holy war" if the Pope would bring about close collaboration by ant economic supplies of the

peace between the Alles and Soviet and Nazi leaders, Baltic States whose trade is now Germany first. He la said to

controlled by the Kremlin.

have attempted to convince the co-operation has

After a brief lull, Moscow took Pope that the Nazi-Soviet pact been more external than advantage of Germany's pre- was purely commercial and not internal, or in other occupation in the West to seize political. words, for public con- and the Bucovina from Rumania. Nazi Views About editorial comment. sumption in foreign that everything had been pre-

Hongkong Telegraph. the

Tuesday, Nov. 19, 1940. Wyndham St., Hongkong

Telephone: 28615

THE prefix "special to the Telegraph" is used by the "Hongkong Telegraph" to indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of die Telecommuni» bears the indication "UP" is received in

who re-

cations Ordinance, 1836. Buck How

the United the date of publication by efther wholly or in part without previous

serys all rights and forbid republications,

arrangement,

WE'D LIKE TO KNOW

THE official reply to the petition forwarded through the "Telegraph" from 147 evacuates in Sydney which observes, inter uita that "there is little likeli- hood of it being possible to allow the return of evacuates in the near future," is not very encouraging to the husbands who, through an elected com- mittee, are to present a similar petition to the Imperial Govern-

ment.

Undoubtedly this reply to the Sydney petition is made without prejudice to any other over- tures from either husbands or evacuates; almost as certain is it that the Imperial Government will base their decision on the husbands' plea very largely upon advice from the Hongkong authorities; the, tenor of that advice will probably be the de- ciding factor. Logic argues that there is no reason why, if the Colony is safe enough for some hundreds of British women and children, why it should not be safe for some thousands; logic, however, can made the servant of circum- atances and relegated to a posi tion where it can be loftily ignored. This has certainly been the case with evacuation.

the rich food store of Bessarabia

While official Berlin declared

The anal annexation of the Baltic make the headlines in German papers.

States by the Soviet lost July, did not

The fact was reported in obscure two or three-line dispatches,

without,

A few weeks ago, Ferdinand Stalin

Buchansky, Slovakian Minister of the Interior, was reported to have Prof. Carl J. Burckhardt, been dismissed after the return of

countries and for prac- arranged with the Fuehrer, the tical purposes in the deal spokesman of the German Em- former High Commissioner of Joseph Tiso, Slovak Premier, froen an bassy in Bucharest described the the League of Nations in Danzig, interview with Herr Hitler in Berch- The punished Minister was tesgaden. Russian action a "British trick," in a report to the League, blamed for pro-Soviet feelings His in Eastern Europe.

instigated by the British Am- described an interview with successor, Sano Mach, leader of the Many Russian moves 80 bassador "who pushed Joseph Herr Hitler in which the latter Nazi Hlinka Guard, was said to have far have been a blow to its Stalin into the Bessarabian "talked about the Russians and been ordered to crush any Pan-Slavic

or pro-Soviet movement. said that the Germans knew

recently, the German Com- Very partner of the friendship adventure."

them better than anybody else, munist Party published a manifesto in pact When Poland was Slavic Union

because hundreds of German Ny official organ of the Swedish overrun by the German inva-

officers had served in the Com

Party

denouncing the sion, the Soviet stepped in

Russian Army. The Russian European war, The new Europe," the newspaper said, "will be a Europe Army had no striking power" of enslaved workers and peasants, a Europe of destitutions and famine, for the working class." It openly attacks the German rule in France and found "German. Imperialism manifested in the new order. Only big German industrialist leaders who want to en- rich themselves by war and conquest and whose lust for power is insatiable, desire the continuation of the war of

Trend

suppression of other peoples, the Communistic orgaŋ holds. Economic Support

Ignored

While the fiction of friendship be-

and without any risk, took Occupation of the Rumanian

On April 20, the Manches- what Herr Hitler must have territory was to be only a pre-

ter Guardian carried a re port of a book the Nazł coveted for himself: the oil lude to a much more serious

Party had intended to de Kussia is slowly but steadily Wells of East Poland and the threat to Germany and Italy:

dicate to Adolf Hitler on his frontier with Rumania...

driving toward a Slavic Union

This After Joseph Stalin had in eastern and south-eastern fifty-first birthday,

the Manchester thus eliminated the danger Europe and closing the door to book,

Guardian said, had been direction. This old Pan-Slavism confiscated one day before of a Nazi attack on Rumania any Fascist expansion in this and Russia's southern fron- has always been the most it was to have been publish- tier, he "protected" the three dangerous threat to Germany

ed because of a strong pro test by the Russian Am- Baltic States, Lithuania, even under the Kaiser. Now it

hassador in Berlin, Latvia, and Estonia "against is being revived by Germany's

"Our The book, entitled Soviet "friends.”- British Imperialism."

Semi-official propaganda from Leader," on page 87 carried a tween Germany and Russia is still Britain_Under. Moscow and the activity of the picture of Joseph Stalin with being kept up, the much advertised the caption: "Stalin, Secretary economic support for Germany has -not-been- -mentioned -for-months, Communist parties in Yugo Handicaps

Slavia and Bulgaria call for "the General of the Communistic For a few months after the commer

Party in Soviet Russia and ruler clal agreement, Berlin indicated that

and Russia overthrow of the Fascist govern-of that impoverished country. Germany

would boost He began his Communistic their trade to many hundreds of mil- llons of marks. By the end of the ments in the Balkans."

career as a bank robber. His year, German military circles ad- political achievements consist of mitted the great disappointment. the sanguinary extirpation of As early as November," 1839, numerous high Communist func- Militarwochenblatt, a military week- tionaries, starving the people, 17, eald that Russia was unable to and thoroughly ruining the Germany needed most: food, copper, provide those very materials which granary of Europe."

Press Comment

If the British really had wanted to threaten the three States, they would have had to do so through the narrow Straits of the Skagerrak and Kattegat first, which was impossible the face of Germany's strong defences there. To reach home

again, they would have had to retrace their steps with the prospect of being bottled up in the Baltic and destroyed by. German forces.

purpose. often be

a

But the action served its The next day Russin had taken the small nations under its wing. It was reported that the Soviets would build "Maginot line" between them and the West. This Russian defence line was to reach from the western- most point of Lithuania on- the Baltic coast along the

German-Russian frontier through Poland down to the Hungarian border. Clearly, this would be a defence against Ger-

new

Public opinion, when it is un- animously expressing a reasonable request is dangerous to ignore, but in a time of war, it loses much of its potency, largely because the authori ties enn both legally and morally plead exceptional exigencies and the right to take action considered neces- sary to deal with them. "Orders are orders" has beca the cry of the Hongkong, Government concerning evacuation, and, it is added (at least land. Here the Soviet took the strong Mannerheim line, the Finnish

by inference) it our superiors order compulsory evacuation in July and then cancel it in October before its completion, that's not our concern.

inkling of, is the amount of in-

many.

Then came the war on Fin

These facts scarcely accord with the friendly but non-committal words which Herr Hitler and Prime Minister Molotov have been exchanging from time to time.

But the less respon- sible leaders are more free to express their opinions. That may be borne out by a brief review of the con.

1

ap- many.

in Russia.

zine, nickel, lead, antimony, and tin.

Only coal and Iron could be expected,

- raw materials of which Germany had

other means of supply.

Early in February, Vladimir Potemkin, Soviet Vice-Cominlay for Foreign Affairs, informed fr William Seeds, then British Am- bassador to Moscow, that "the help Germany will get from Rus- sia la much smaller than the British or the Germans them- selves think."

trolled Soviet newspapers. During the last week of May Further indications as to the and the first week of June, atate of relations between Soviet newspapers pointed out Moscow and Berlin may be that the Conservatives in Eng found in the following collected land and France had prevented items:

the Allies from using their In the October issue of the whole strength against Ger- The facts are that all winter the Danube was frozen and Irallways were Soviet Cominternational,

If these conservative Danu

jammed, thre

throttling Germany's Imports pearing a few weeks after the forces, it was sald, were to be from the east and southeast. There treaty of friendship had been pushed aside, Germany in a year was only the one railway line with Rumanio concluded, German imperialism or two would be in a serious the normal gauge from t

through Russian Poland to Germany. was charged with "enslaving position.

According to a Nazi-Soviet agreement And again, foreign peoples."

Izvestia, official Soviet organ, on December 3, 1930, 300 freight cars "year after year Mr. Chamber- declared that the German hope were supposed to run over this line lain deliberately strengthened of an early victory was a gross dally. By the end of February, 600 louded and 700 empty cars had rolled Hitlerism for an attack on the exaggeration. The war was over the instead of 18,000, Soviets."

#

'Holy Alliance"

#

Proposed

naval bases, and A

likely to last a long time. over

Red Star, Soviet Army organ,

pointed out that the war in the West was only in the beginning stages. True, the Allies had:

+

Sabotage Charge Made

few weeks later, the made serious mistakes because Neutral observers alleged that the

Reich crippled the country's agricul Bolshevist urged attack on "all they did not learn from the past Russians sabotaged the trallic to the ture and industry, thereby pre- forms of bourgeois dictatorship" wars. Nevertheless, there may Another survey indicated that up to What, however, the Colony has venting Finland from supply- and called upon the Communistic be big surprises in store, the May 128,840 tons instead of the 150,- 000 expected by the agreement had to Germany over that. never been told, nor even given an ing Germany with raw materials parties in Austria, Czecho Red Star added.

leaving the Finns at the Slovakia, and Germany to urge Trud, Soviet Trade Union awayne This covers all In

rallway Inc. formation which the Hongkong Gove mercy of Russia should any the workers of their countries organ, ascribed the French de ports not only from Russia but also ernment gave, is giving, and is likely future attack be deemed to ask for peace instead of im- feat to Munich and the readiness from Rumania. It would seen to In- to give to the Colonial Office regard

perialistic wars.

of the Allies to exclude Russia dilcate an unwillingness on Russia's the need or desirability,

The new naval positions in During the Russo-Finnish from European politics at the port to full both the commercial and the political agreements between the not only of the original compulsory

two totalitarian countries concur evacuation scheme, and its abandon- Finland and in the Baltic States war, Russian newspapers re demand of the Axis.

printed an article of a Rumanian In July, Herr Hitler made the year or so ago. ment, but the continuance of restric- tions upon evacuates returning. The

magazine saying that Germany, anal peace offer to Great Britain. In the light of these

bow to the Soviet - in his complaint la met with an airy ex- that the least the authorities can do, France, and England had bullt It was transmitted by radio all pece on July 19 and the polite toply planation that a "state of emergency if they cannot hold out hopes of Finland's fortifications against over the world. In the United of Prime

of Prime Minister Molotov a few days the emergency hús-been- notably petitions meeting with maccess, is to Russia during the last four States several hundred stations jater, seem to have meant agreement

let the public into their confidenco;

my eith

exists.

but it cannot be argued that

necessary,

›reached a

Kerr

these facts,

visible in any case surely, it must it is not State secrets that are want years. "Such inner fraternity tuned in. In Soviet Russia no only on one points that neither in have lossened somewhat to permited, but a statement on general was created by the Great Powers radio station carried the brand-rendy yet to dare an attack on the the compulsory evacuation scheme to causes which will allay the double since they all are anti-Soviet," cast of the leader of the "friand other. For the time being, they do Hot feel strong enough to start a war Amich has been left and murplelons off husbands

against one another. Vi

avaduates alike

Mand the article concluded, 443

evelynation!!