1940-10-25 — Page 4

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Friday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

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Thongkong Telegraph.

October 25, 1940.

CO-OPERATIVE

Dull in recital but dramatic in fact is the won- derful story of the Chinese Co-operatives. Euro- peans and Chinese are collaborating with unex- celled eagerness in bringing to success a gigantic gamble the transformation of the Chinese age- old system of independent interprise to meet the needs of the nation in its most trying time.

This article is written especially for the "Hongkong Telegraph" by Dr. Chen Han-seng who is in Hongkong in his capacity of Honorary Secretary of the International Committee for the C.I.C. and the Productive Relief Fund.

When you read of the progress that China has made you will realise why it is possible for a nation which has faced annihilation steadfastly as China has done as Britain has done, to say: "We shall go on.

"

Chen Han-song

FUTURE

have well passed the figure of (Hon. Secretary, Interna 110,000, with a total member- tional Committee for Chinese ship of nearly six million, Industrial Co-operatives. Pro- The co-operative movement in ductive Relief Fund) China is a matter of recent his- The almost up-to-date statik- tory. The idea was first popu- tics, published by the Central furised during the student move not only to increase production low subsistence level, and in 1919. Born 18 a but also to improve in the mean- some places even worse than Co-operative Administration, in ment in Chungking, reveal a certain pro- movement when the China In- time the livelihood of the pro- before the war. In these places, credit co-operatives have been gress of the co-operative move- ternational Famine Relief Com- ducers.

To the west and southwest

flood in

A primitive oil-pressing co-opérative in Szechuan.

many en-

ment in China. Detailed figures mission set up credit_co-opera- The new industrial co-opera- 'comparatively thriving, but real pertaining to fifteen provinces lives in Hopei, it did not assume tives have administered, produc- industrial co-operatives have are now available. These pro. national scope until after the tive relief. to the refugees of not the slightest chance to the vinces fairly represent the whole great

the Yangtse war, and have sent a considera- even surface root. Valley in 1932. country.

ble number of young men and During the recent

seven women, already thrown out of

Among the youth of Chinn there are Szechran, Sikong, years, relief organisation, Pro- the sphere of production, to the Kweichow, Kwangsi and Yun- vincial Reconstruction Bureaus, economic line of national de- to-day, there are

fence. In a way these co-opera- thusiastic co-operative-minded To the northwest there Agricultural Credit Administra- tives for production, semi-handi- are Shansi and Kansu. In cen- tion. Central and Provincial craft and semi-machine, have people. Detesting the

Commissions and been the result of the war poly of middlemen and mer- THE prenx "prefer to the Telegraph" tral China there are Honan, Economic

attempt Kiangsi and large Chinese Banks, have one blockade. They indicale liews which is strictly copyright Hopei, Human,

to chants and revolting against the under the provisions of the Telecommuni- Anhwei. The constal provinces and all accelerated the work of improve in equipment and tech- oppression of feudalistic in- credit extension. The ique and to turn out commodi- fluences, they tend to think that ties to answer the need of a co-operatives are the panacea Fukien and Chekiang. Within primary form of such credit

of China's problem. Most of the past year the total number extension has always been ere hungry market in China.

dit co-operatives.

them, however, are what we

Friday, Oct. 25, 1940.

Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20815

is used by the "Hongkong Telegraph",to

cationa· Ordinance, 1936, 'Buch nawa KI bears the indication “UP" in received in Hongkong on ihn date of publication by

serve all rights and forbid republication.

the United Press Associations, whore

rrrr whenly or in part without previous

TOO ONE-SIDED

IT is now some weeks since the Canton River was closed for the last time, the reason then being the prevalence of cholera.

'nan.

are represented by Kwangtung, rural

of co-operatives in these fifteen

like 82,000. The present total Co-operative

consumers', total

tions

mono-

The co-operatives under the provinces has increased from a According to the official state- C.I.C. are not relief organisa- might call nominalists and not little over 53,000 to something ment, given by the Central nevertheless they represent dis-

pare and simple, but realists.

While they assiduously keep to the Administration, tinct membership has reached 4.200,- more than 88 per cent of the Though they have workshops and conciliate unconsciously with the type of relief work, form of co-operatives, they concede 000.

co-operatives are credit

co- and even small factories, they locally until the spirit of co-opera- most reactionary elements of the What have not been included operatives. Productive co-opera- are not the ordinary kind of tives no longer exists. Indeed, in

tives, including the It is a fortnight since Indo in the above statistics are more amount to a little over 8 per very process of organisation and been stillborn.

CC workshops and factories. The many cuses, the co-operatives have than 26,000 miscellaneous or cent. Marketing co-operatives the nature of administration of thoroughly understood the real social All this is because China and Hongkong direct ganisations of a

the Co-operators hove never co-operative are below 2 per cent. All other the co-op. units are essentially relations of the community and their traffic ceased and the expensive nature. Nor have the 13,000 co-operatives; such as supply; democratic. and inconvenient trans-shipment co-operatives in the guerilla war utility and

Even from the significance. Lack of such under- port has now been introduced area of Kiangsu, Shantung, around one per cent. It is clear and capital investment, these

viewpoint of credit extension standing and not guarding against the natural slip-unwarranted as a subsidiary. It is a little Shansi, Hopei, Chahar, and Sui- then that the major part of the productive

co-operatives Also Chinese co-operatives: is syne different from the simple type have succeeded only in hulding up sulcide these co-operators

lives organised by the Chinese sion.

---new-form-of-exploitation-on-behalf- as far as the owners go for Industrial Co-operatives, or the

of the backward and reactionary nearly two years. Our air ser-C.I.C.

In short, the units of the people. C.L.C. are organisations of the Thore genuine and faithful co- It is safe to estimate, there-

The C..C.. as a movement, producers themselves, and as operators who are not responsible for fare, that the grand total of has injected new blood, blood they and the organisation are the inception or the result of such

China most of a suitable type, into the body one and the co-operatives in

same thing, the fallures, and themselves in a virtual of the Chinese co-operatives. C.1.C. does not contain a parti- labyrinth of difficulties. No sooner ik гле Thorny problem solved than the This type of industrial co-opera- cle of the idea of anti-produc- next one crops up, leaving the

source of such troubles un-

old to revive the Canton-Kow-yuan

been included.

-loon-railway-story-4-a-dead-logs | 9mitted are the 2,000 co-opera-_nomous_with_rural credit exten-of-credit co-operatives.TM

vices, which used to number live, are sadly depleted and are not running on regular rontés

or schedule.

pear that the Foreign Office and not

are 205 with the gentry which

pri

All these things could be ex- pected if this Colony was the

still under discussion. It would ap- tives may prove to be the most tion. Owing to numerous dif- ed. Soon they are in a baffled centre of hostilities; the fact is the local Government was respon effective instrument in mobi- ficulties, however, these units

sible for the conflicting reports pub-lising the supreme labour are still too few to bring about position, gripped by the gentry. sneered at by the cunning merchants, that fighting has seldom come lished about Hongkong's position in power and utilising the almost an appreciable change in our na- and even criticised and cursed by near enough to our borders to relation to that ogreement. Ir we limitless resources of China. tional economy. As yet, the peasant population which they wish cause more than a temporary interpretation of the agreement, then do acede again to the Japanese

average monthly total produc- to serve. In the end, of course, they interruption of services, The ini set something bark for it. I have us their chief aim, rural to something over nine million their posts.

While the credit co-operatives tion of the C.I.C. only amounts becomic persimistic and resign from is a very well to work for peace, Lut that peace will du is no gned investment and safe interest re- Chinese dollars. The

Among other defects in the pres it is to be so very one-sided. turn, the C.1.C.'s sole desire is dities of the C.I.C. are far from sent co-operative movement, an out- sufficient to allay the surging or bureaucratie red tape which finally standing one is an excessive amount

answer is that we have allowed ourselves to be compressed more and more within our actual ter-

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FOR REMOVING COSMETICS

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no more

threats or the appearance of threats; with

JTI occasional shooting here and there, mostly through somebody's mistake, the lucrative channels through which flowed the wealth of this entrepot port have been dammed up one by one until we have in- i voluntarily nequired the condi- tions of a partial blockade.

The reason for this unfortunate state of affairs would seem to be opportunist bargaining on our side. In response to Japanese requests and in the Ince of the falt accumpli we have had to accept certain con- dillons of trading in the

Conton River, we have had to close the rail- way, we have even restricted the movement of articles which the Japanese claim to be in the muni

class

within our own border. We have abandoned, temporarily at. least, the use of landing grounds in Frendi Indo-China which we used

before the Japanese entered there. On our own initiative we suspended clearance orders to Indo-China.

tions

harmontously

Whenever watch important conces slons are inade there must be some return. Those responsible for govern- ing such matters can, justly we think, be accused of timidity in the fnce of things to-day when we find that despite our deference to the wishes of a Japan engaged in at tempting to auffoento China, doorstev, ale has not lifted the ban on Hongkong, neither has she granted one of the trading rights which her precarious occupation of the south look away from our business houser, The Burma Road agreement...

aur

FUNNY SIDE UP

Depr. 1944 by tiles Ponturi Bzadirilo, Tax,

commo-

By Abner Dean wave of incoming foreign, smug reduce: cu-operative administration

DIAN

"I don't mind you reading over my shouldor, lady.........

but please stop clipping things for your scrapbook!"

gled goods.

tu more forme of offizialdor. Ort-, ninally, the policy was and still in tu There are many places in utilise political administrative power China which the invaders once to remove legal cbstacles in order to

facilitate the occupied but from where they

co-operative movement. In many cases, however, when this have now withdrawn or been rolly has not been correctly pur- driven out. Rapacious officials rues, the organisers often udopt ecm- and rotten gentry, to a large tulsory or semi-compulsory methods to force the people to join co-opera- extent, have been wiped out. lives. The inevitable result Is th

A

new local administration turn the co-operative Meinl ministration,

into a more

has been born. In this healthy atmosphere, productive CO- operatives are much more easily formed, credit co-operatives are

Reviewing the brief history of much more genuine in nature, Chinese co-operatives, one must and the co-operative members come to the conclusion that are much quicker to realise the many of the above discussed de- true aim and significance of the fects must be eliminated before movement.

n healthy system of rural credit

tor of the

Still there are other places Extension can be promoted and where no invasion has taken before a permanent increase of agricultural place but where the local ad- production, both ministrative structure has not and Industrial, in the villages been reformed. In such locali. can be expected. ties, those whose economic sta- All in all, to eliminate the present tus in above the middleclass, salient defects, there must be a de- especially the merchants who mocratic system of local government smuggle, have become richer or which alone can serve as the guaran- at least more well-to-do than in in other progress of this movement

words, If stands to reasons pre-war days. On the other that when a very small minority has hand, the scissor-like indices of in its grip all the political and

crane. the relatively decreasing agri- mic power and influence, the ma

jority cultural prices and the relative- poor peasants and

of rural people, who are

the hired

pensante. ly increasing industrial prices are not able to knock at the door of have rollected a condition in the co-operatives, let alone goln an which a large number of land- tatrance, Democratie structure of less and tool-less small and poor benchloved, will decide the future the Chinese village,' which is yet to peasanta still live a life far be of the Chinese co-operatives,