1940-06-04 — Page 23

Cou

Tuesday,

HONGKONG. TELEGRAPH

Declaration of the

RIGHTS OF MAN

of the

HIS Declaration is the outcome of the British Public Dobato

which was conducted in the "Daily Horald" beginning of this year.

The Drafting Commiltoe is satisfied that the Declaration is veprosonfalivo of the main body of opinion and of the principal considerations raised by those taking part in the Dabato,

The Committee consisted of: Viscount Sankay (Chairman); Sir Norman Angoll; Rt. Hon. Margarot Bondfield; Sir Richard Gregory; Lord Hordor; Sir John Orr; Mr. H. C. Wells; Mr. Francis Williams; Mrs. Barbara Woolion and Mr. Ritchio Calder (Secratory). .

INTRODUCTION

W

ITHIN the space of little more than a hundred years, there has been a complete revolu- tion in the material conditions of human life.

Invention and discovery have so changed the pace and nature of communications round and earth, that the About the distances which formerly Rept the states and nallons of man- kind apart have now been prac- ically abolished,

At the same time, there has been so Rigantic an increase of much- anical power, and such a release of human energy. that men's ability either to co-operate with. or to injure and appress one an- other, and to consume, develop or waste the bounty of Nature, has been exaggerated beyond all com- parison with former times.

This process of change han mounted swiftly and steadily in the past third of a century, and 1s now approaching a climax.

I becomes imperative to adjust mau's Ife and stitutions to the in- creasing dangers and opportunities of these new circumstances. He is being forced to organise co-operation among sovereign the medley of Reparate States which hoa hilterto served his political ends.

¶

At the same time he finds It necessary to rescue his economie life from devastation by the immensely enhanced growth of profit secking business and finance.

Political, economic and social collec tivisation is being forced upon him,

Ho responds to these new conditiona blindly and with a great wastage of happiness and well-being.

Governments are either becoming Stato collectivisms or passing under the away of monopolist productive and financial organisations,

education

Phase by phass these Ill-adapted Cloverments and controls are restrict- ing that free play of the Jedividual mind which Is the preservative of human elßelency and happiness.

The temporary advantage of swift and secret action which these mono- palisations of power display is gained it the price of profound and pro. pressive social demoralisation,

Bereft of berty and sense of re- apcusibility, the peoples aro manifestly doomed to lapse, after a phase of servile discipline, into disorder and vistence. Confidence and deliberation Elve place to hysteria, apathy, and in- eMetency.

Everywhere wor and monstrous economic exploitation are intensified, so that these very same increments of power and opportunity which have brought mankind within sight of an nge of limitless plenty seem likely to Or just again, and, it may-be-lost-for- ever, a chaotic and irremediable social colinpsc.

It becomes clear that a unified

political, economic and soci

the national and private appropria- tions thut now waste the mighty Jessies of our time.

The history of the Western peoples lun lesson for all mankind.

It has been the practice of what are

the eyes of the law, and equally en- titled to the respect of their fellow-

тел.

called the democratic or Parliamentary 2.-PROTECTION

ediuntries to meet every enhancement and centralisation of power in the past by a definite and vigorous reassertion

of the individual rights of man.

Never beforo has the demand to revive that precedent been so urgent

mit is now,

We of the Parliamentary democracles recognise the inevitability of world re- construction upon collectivist lines, but. after our tradition, we couple with that recognition a Declaration of Rights, so that the profound changes now in pro gress shall produce not an attempted reconstruction of human affairs in the dark, but rational reconstruction conceived, and arrived at, in the full light of day.

1

To that time-honoured instrument of a Declaration of Rights we therefore return, but now upon a world scale.

1.-RIGHT TO LIVE

By the word "man" in this Declare. flon is meant every living human being without distinction of nge or sex.

Religious organisations. and the Press are subordinated to the will of dictatorial groups and Indivi duals, while sclens and terary work and a multitude of social activi ties, which have hitherto been Inde. pendent and spontaneous-fall-under-accumulated.. by our, forerunners, the influence at theso modern con- centrations of power.

non Neither Governments

great economic and Anancial combinations were dovised to excrelse such powers:--- they grew up in response to the re quirements of an earlier age.

Every man is a joint inheritor of all the natural resources and of the powers, inventions and possibilities

Under the stress of the new consi- tions, incecurity, abases, and tyrannies particularly increase; and liberty. iberty of thought and speech, decays.

Ila is entitled, within the measure of these resources and without dis- tinction of race, colour, or professod beliefs or opinions, to the nourishment. covering and medical care. needed to realise his full possibilities of physical

and mental development from birth to death.

Notwithstanding the various and un equal qualities of individuala, all men shall be deemed absolutely equal in

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The natural and rigħltui guardians of those who are not of an age to protect themselves are their parents.

In default of such parental protec tion in whole or in part, the com. munity, having due regard to the Inmlly traditions of the child, shall accept or provide alternative guardians.

3.-DUTY TO THE

COMMUNITY

interested 'ollisen as his capacity allows.

Furthermore, it is the duty of the community to render all knowledga aveliablo to him and such special edu- eation as will give him equality of opportunity for the development of his distinctive gifts in the service of man- kind, Ho shali have easy and prompt access to all information necessary for him to form a judgment upon current events and issues.

5.-FREEDOM OF

THOUGHT AND WORSHIP

Every man has a right to the utmost freedom of expression, discussion, asso- clation and worship,

1

6.-RIGHT TO WORK

Bubject to the needs of the com- munity, a man may engage in any law- ful occupation, earning such pay na the contribution that his work makes to the welfare of the community may Justify.

He is entitled to paid employment and to make suggestions as to the kind of employment which he considers him. self able to perform.

.Work for the sole object of profit. making shall not be a inwful occupa-

7.-RIGHT IN PERSONAL

PROPERTY

In the enjoyment of lila personal pro. perty, Inwfully-possessed..a man in en itled to protection from public or private violence. deprivation, compul alon and intimidation.

8.-FREEDOM OF

MOVEMENT

A man may move freely about the world at his own expense.

His private dwelling, however, and' any reasonably limited enclosure of which he is the occupant, may be ca tered only with his consent or by a legally qualified person empowered with a warrant as the law may direct. So long as by his movement he does not intrude upon the privato domain of any other citizen, harm, or disflyure or encumber what is not his, interfero with, or endanger ita proper use, or seriously impair the happiness of others, he shall have the right to come and go wherever he chooses, by land, alr, or water, over any kind of country. mountain, moorland, river, lake, sca or ocean, and all the ample spaces of this, his world,

It is the duty of every man not only to respect but to uphold and to advance 9.-PERSONAL LIBERTY the rights of all other men throughout the world.

Furthermore, it is his duty to con- tribute such service to the community as will ensure the performance of those necessary tasks for which the incen- tives which will operate in a free. society do not provide.

It is only by doing his quota of ser- vice that a man can justify his partner- ship in the community.

No'tan shall be conscripted for mill- tary or other service to which he has a conscientious objection, but to perform no social duty whatsoever is to remain unenfranchised and under guardian. ship.

4.-RIGHT TO

KNOWLEDGE

It is the duty of the community to equip every man with sufficient educa tion to enable him to be as useful and

Unless a man is declared by a com- petent authority to be a danger to himself or to others through mental abnormality, a declaration which must be confirmed within seven days and thereafter reviewed at least annually. he shall not be restrained for more than twenty-four hours without being charged with a definito offence, sor shall he be remanded for a longer period than oight days without his consent, nor imprisoned for more than three months without a trial.

At ̄ ̄n ̈reasonable--time-before-hik trial, he shall be furnished with a copy of the evidence which it is proposed to use against him.

months the three At the end period, if he has not been tried and sentenced by due process of the law, he shall be acquitted and released.

No man shall be charged more than once for the same offence.

Although he is open to the free

June 4, 1940.

Contents

The Introduction.

-1, Right to Live.

2. Protection of Minors.

8. Duty to the Community,

4. light to Knowledge.

5. Freedom of Thought

and Worship.

6, Right to Work.

7. Right fa Personal

Property.

3. Freedom of. Movement. 9. Personal Liborty, 10. Freedom from Violence. 11. Right of Law-Making.

criccism of a fellows, a man shal have adequate protection from any misrepresentation that may distress or injure him

Beret evidence is not permissible. Statements recorded in administrative dealers still not be used to justify the slightest infringement of personal liberty.

A dossier. is merely a memorandum for ndministrative use; it shall not be ted as evidence without proper con- Grmation in open court.

10.-FREEDOM

FROM VIOLENCE

No man shall be subjected to any zort of mutilation except with his own deliberate corisent, freoly given, nor to forcible handling, except in restraint of his own violence, nor to lorture, beating or any other physical ill-treat-

Aten

He shall not be subjected to mental distress, ar to imprisonment in in- fected, verminous or otherwise inson!- Lary quarters, or be put into tho company of verminous or infectin people.

But it he is himself infectious or a danger to the health of others, he may ba cleansed, disinfected, purIN QUATAN-- Uno or otherwise restrained so far as may be necessary to prevent harm to bis fellows,

No one shall be punished vicariously by ile selection, arrest or ill-treatment of hostages.

11.-RIGHT OF

LAW-MAKING

The rights embodied in this Declara tion are fundamental and inalienable. In conventional and in administra- tive matters, but in no others it is an obvious practical necessity for men to Umit the free play of certain of these fundamental rights.

(in, for example, such conventional matters as the rule of the road or the protection of money from forgery. and in such administrative matters as town and country planning, or pubila hyglone.}

No law, conventional or adminiatra. tive, shall be binding on any map or on any section of the community un- less it has been made openly with tho active or tacit acquiescence at every adult citizen concerned, given either by direct majority vote of the com- munity affected or by majority vote of his representatives publicly elected. These representatives shall be ulti- mately responsible for all by-laws and for detailed. interpretations made in the execution of the law.

In matters of co-operative and col- lectivo action, man must abide by the majority decisions ascertained by elec toral methods which give effective ex- All to Individual choice. pression legislation must be subject to public No discussion, revision or repeal. treaties or contracts "shali-be-made- of the com- Becretly in the munity.

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