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Germany and Her Youth
The Germans are always on the look out for spicy bits about the failures of the British educational system and the troubles into which
PANDIT NEHRU
"A man who has been bruised and battered," PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU Fifty years, old, educated at Har- row and Oxford, a former Presi- dent of All-India Congress Party,
April 24, 1940.
Last month the 600 delegates of the All-India Congress Committco met to consider the British Govorn- mont's attitude to a recent déclaration by Congress, which said:
"The Congress Working Committee invites the British Government to declare unequivocally their war aims regarding democracy and imperialism and the es- tablishment of a new world order, and how these aims will be applied to India now, and whether they include the elimination of imperialism and the treatment of India as a free 'nation whose policy is guided by her own people."
The Committee meets near Gandhi's home so that he may be consulted.
In this cable to the London News Chroniclo, PAN- DIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU, former President of the All-India Congress Party, explains India's attitudo to the war and her desire for a clear statement of our war and peace aims.
India, he says, will join in the fight to end Hitler- ism, but before that
INDIA MUST BE
now Chairman of the Congress Imperialist order and to India. War Emergency Committee and India can take no part in defend- President of the State People's ing Imperialism, but she will Conference. He has been in join in the struggle for freedom.
In 1936 he India's resources prison seven times.
FREE
prosecution of war on India's be- half.
Then only is it possible to create the psychological condi- are vast, must be borne in mind. Our tions which can lead to popular
was released to visit his wife on but even of greater value is her present Constitution itself has support. Autocratic and ordin- her death-bed. She top, and good will and her moral sup- been imposed upon us and has ance rule will alienate public his father and mother, had been port for a worthy cause. This kept alive hostility. This cannot sympathy and lead to conflict. in prison for their fight for Indian Is no small offer that India go by vague assurances and India wants to forget the past
T
independence.
half-hearted measures
which of conflict, and stretch out her
makes, for it means the ending. of a hundred years of hostility will fail of their purpose.
hand in comradeship. But, sho HE spell of violence between India and England, a
This historic opportunity must can do so only as a free nation and inhuman war- great turning point in world be seized by recognising India on terms of equality. She must farc holds Europe history and a real beginning of as a free nation with rights to be convinced that the past is
draw up her Constitution and over and that we are all striv her Charter of Independence. ing for a new order not only in ☆
Anything short of that will mean Europe but in Asia and the ONLY a free and equal losing this opportunity and keep world.
and threatens the fabric of the new order we fight for. civilisation
all over the
world. Behind the clash of
arms there is a deeper clash
India can co-operate of ing alive the spirit of friction
of ideas and aims, and the her free will in this task. Till and hostility between India and future of the world hangs in that vital change is made none England. It will mean that not
HER invitation to the the balance.
of us have the power to make only we in Indin but others will
British Government is the people of India enthusiastic doubt the sincerity of the war on behalf of all those in the History is being made not
for a war which is not theirs. A and peace aims and there will world who believe in Peace, Free- only on the battlefields but in evacuation landed the Home country. the minds of mun, and the vital popular war must have popular be a divergence between what is dom and Democracy. It will be a tragedy for all of us if the deep- Their papers and wireless make great question for all of us is whether support, and the people must professed and what is done.
realise what it means to them. The first step must therefore significance of this, gesture is that history is going to be An imposed war will inevitably be a declaration of India's full not appreciated and a full re- "plutocracy" is supposed to give to different from that of past ages be resented and will rouse public freedom. This has to be follow- sponse not made to it. Such not one of the Nuzi defects, and the and whether this terrible war feeling against it.
ed by its application' now, in so response will hearten people all Just few weeks have seen much will make an essential difference The whole publicity given to the new develop
background of far as possible, in order to give over the world, and will be a and the people effective control of greater blow to Nazism than
play with the small regard that our
Its future citizens. That is certainly
ments in the Hiller Youth and its
to human freedom and end the generations of conflict
allied organisations. The regiment very causes of war and human struggle for freedom in India the governance of India and the victory on the battlefield.
degradation..
extra-
the children is now jug of ordinarily thorough; "from now on,"
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admitted at a great festival evening
it is declared, "no German boy or girl will stand aside, the whole of
TO India with her thirst youth will be in the service of the
for freedom and horror Fuhrer."_All_over_Germany there is_of_war_and_violence this ques- going on the enrolment of the ten- tion is of paramount importance. year-olds. The new entrants were She has reacted strongly against this week, a. sort of Initiation cere- the philosophy and methods of mony like that of primitive society. Fascism and Nazi aggression and in the last few weeks the brightest brutality, and has seen in them of little boys of ten to fourteen have the negation of all she stands been sitting for examinations for the Adolf Hitler Schools, a preliminary for. World peace for her means sifting of chosen leaders. And ni
Freedom and Democracy and the children of fourteen, including those ending of the domination of one
nation over another.
its
play at the
Fawer politics, and the anxiety of the present game of Axis partners to size every available strategical point has been countered strengthen its many islands and naval
By Captain P.K. Howard
and the town was at one time the headquarters of the Admiral Com- manding on the East Indian Station, Land had milliary garrison. Britain's
decision
to make it a great fort which
Will guard the route to the Far East will undoubtedly help to bring pras- perity to the port.
Further east still we come to those
and the Far East. There would play Dodecanese, these having the object fortresses, already in existence and
movements from the East.
So India condemned aggres. would be more likely to and herself the most remarkable thing about this/Guinen, and so Port More
Pro-
is
being
by Britain's determination to
bases scattered in the Mediterranean
a vital part in the defence of the
of smashing the Suez route und troop some being built, which bar the way Empire.
That the British defence appro-
to Australia and the Pacifle. The priations in these spheres have im- on the route to India and Australia is to the conclusion that at all costs no The next important stopping place Commonwealth Government has come who have not hitherto joined, are to
pressed Italy, in particular since she Aden, which is sometimes known as hostile Power must set foot on New be comprised in the active ranks of
"Gibraltar of the East." Perhaps PHILIP CHAN the Hitler Youth and assume
P. C. up against their offensive strength, is the
Press duties. The number of at children sion in Manchuria, Abyssinia, evident in
that it is built inside the defended and cruisers and destroyers. great fort excluded has been small-it is Czecho-Slovakia, and was deeply minence has been comment.
the naval bases of
of bound vessel, King's ship, or cargo trallan Royal Air Force will patrol Trincomalee, nnit Aden, boat
tanker, tramp, or stately liner, the surrounding seas. The most vital boat, were enrolled,--but service now and the brutal Nazi invasion of which is represented as being tanta- must pust its red-brown rocks on the port for the protection of the Com- becomes in effect compulsory. The
mount to the creation of three new way to Karachi, Colombo, or Bombay, India will therefore Gibraltars" in the
monwealth reason, as explained by the Hitler Poland.
will be Port Darwin, Indian Occan, and our possession of Aden, together which is being fortified, and is loo Because of
of the
paramouni strator with the ownership of the Suez Canal will be a naval and Air Force basé. Youth leader in a recent interview, gladly throw in her resources is that it is the will of the Fuhrer for a new order of peace and route to the Empire much is being est sun-route to the Far East. This An Impregnable Outpost
cal importance of the Mediterranean gives the Empire control of the short- that the whole of youth shall pass freedom.
done to
to make our position
secure. also means, and the Italians are fully through the training school of the Party, since to-day In war it is the
claimed Unt Inst year 68 per cent distressed at the events in Spain to strength given to the dect-crater of a volcano, and every. Indla-will use it as a base, while the
the forces of the people, and to leave nothing undone for the future."
Singapore,
although
Italy
Port Darwin will be closely linked: If this kind of peace is the wverybody knows the tremendous aware of it, that in case of war they obvious national duty to call up all | objective, then the Allies Ware of Malta to the British Empire. would be cut off from Abyssinia fromjto Singapore, the "crossroads of the
forire the Imperial the very first day of hostilities. East," and the Empire's impregnable--- and Peace Aims must be clearly route to the
outpost protecting the sen route from: claims it as its
it as its "natural" possession, a A Natural Stronghold the Indian Ocean into the Pacific. defined, and action to-day must not uncommon habit with
habit with regard to conform to them. Not to do so
Military authorities aro convinced other people's things
Aden is the only fortified point be- that Singapore could never be. things on the part of the
cap-- difficult to appropriate, for sinee
really an outpost of the Indian: Where, less than twelve years back, that there are no clear aims, and September its defences have been Empire, of which it formed part until was huge area of unreclaimed
Increased: Ita tremendously
its nir pc- a couple of years back. It is a grent swamp and jungle, now a great
and the in-naval coaling port, and one of the their middle school years until they
naval base, among a assets being a enter the conscription classes.
meant seriously. It is to justify fantry defences are Even
The other day the Governor stated: Air Force. As mentioned although it dock capable of handling the largest the youngest of them receive some the apprehensions of all who
con
say with complete confidence has been already heavily fortified, battleship afloat. Not far off is the- sort of war duties, if it be only in have learnt from bitter expori- that Malta is safe, and equally con- and is practically impregnable, the Royal Air Force Base, which was ndently that in a very short time the Government are taking no chances, nothing more than the insignificant A.R.P. work or in the collection of ence that wars overwhelm ideals will be so strong that attacking her and it is being even more formidably fishing village of Seletar a few years
their materials. In
carly teens they give valuable practical and result in imperialism, fight- would be an undertaking of the ut defended.
Something like £12,000,000 has ago, Nature has done much for Aden, been spent on making this enormous service in agriculture, Through alting for mastery and entrench-
Cyprus Comes Into Its Own for it is surrounded by precipitous naval avi Air Force base, really ass there runs the spirit of discipline and ing themselves.
rocks forming an admirable natural Island "leadership." Thus the Hitler Youth
There is something extremely for midable in this regular progression from corps to corps. It means that or to hesitate is to demonstrate! Dier. He would find it comween Egypt and Bombay, and is tured by assault from the sea. the Nazt State has in its hands the
boys at girls of the nation from what is said vaguely is not tection has been domost completed. I strategical establishments of the Royat 100,000-ton floating dock and a graving:
waste
le' now suffering from the departure
of most of its leaders to the Army
but their places are taken from be- low. In the ten to fourteen class the lenders are to be drawn from older
most danger,"
Lying in the eastern half of the defence, arid it is extremely difficult miles, covering about 200 square- Mediterranean is an inland which has to dtiacic from the desert side. Ene- Finally one comes to the most ro- IF this war is for De Frown, vastly in Imperial importance. mies found this so In 1915, when some mote outpost of the Far East, Ilong- This is Cyprus, which for some years Arabs and Turks did manage to pene-kong, one of the most important was disparagingly dubbed the Cin-trate
and they occupied a stations for the defence of the Pacific: close by.
They were driven Practically the whole of the navies. Alexandria it forms an indispensable out
of Britain, Japan, and the United
mocracy and
tho
boys of fifioen to seventeen, in this determination and against Nazi derella of British colonies. Within after a few days.*
way, we
East.
are told, fulfilling the aggression. it cannot be for link in our chain of bases to Indla One historie town about which we Fuhrer's "revolutionary
principle"
are likely to hear more, for it is to be
In Trincomalee, on the
really
("that' zout mestet be. Jed by youth, (annexations, indemnities, or re- and the far distant from It is the restored to something of
its formeuld swing in its capaclous:
Army, and there have been many
one
Plans
a series of sheltered
ten square miles.
t two years back
These
The immediate end of all this is the parations, for keeping Colonial hub of the Axis air-naval strategy. Importance, In
Not very comments in the German paper on peoples in subjection and for the group of Islands known as the north-east const of Ceylon. Its lilt-involved the spending of £8,000,000 how valuable the pre-milltary train-maintaining the Imperialist Dodecanese, which the Italians are tory goes back into the mists of anti-on, the defences of the island.
till ing in the Hitler Youth has been to
for it
of the first being kept secret, but
in- the now soldiers. It is claimed tant
system.
strongly fortifying, although up in Tami rattlements on the island, clude the building of now torte, and It saves four to six months in the
and the Trincomalee has one of the most a very large increase in the anti-air- For this urgent reason Con- Turkish handy for centuries,reck. magnificent harbours in the world, in craft defences. From the summit of" training of an infantryman. These greka has invited the British population is almost things cannot be over-estimated Government to state its war and Cyprus is being fortified, and it would which can swing the largest vessels the island a splendid military high- man tone or cut to assess the Ger- peace aims clearly, and partie the base from which the Mediter float. It to neknowledged to be way, 22 mlios long, encircling Hong-
man temper and the will to continue cularly how these apply to the intercept Italian sailles, from the harbours on the face of the globe, are batteries of frowning guns.
raneon Fleet and the Air Force would among the half-dozen finost natural kong,, can be traced. Along the cliffs:
the war.
.
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