1939-09-22 — Page 24

Friday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

September 22, 1939.

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The

AGGRESSION.

What U.S.S.R. has said

'ULY 30, 1939. "Izvestia," organ of the Soviet Gov.

ahovika in 1914 to 1918 were

not pacifists and all the more are not to-day. They stand for the creation of a goneral Peace

front capable of halting the

further development of Fascist. aggression a Peace Front founded on full reciprocity, full aquality of rights, and an honest sincerity and resolute repudia- tion of the disastrous policy of 'nun-intorvention.'-

"The second Imperialiat war has already begun. The whole world knows Germany to be the

aggressor."

HERE

are recent

eggression and are fighting for their Independence."

•

•

Molotov, Russion VA Prime Minister and Foreign

ment, "Cur task is to check the further development of 'aggression and to this end to establish a reliable

statements on MAY 31, 1939, aggression made by Secretary, says in the Soviet Farils-

leaders OT Soviet printed in the official Russian press.

no responsibility for Munich."

FEBRUARY 24, 1930.

and effective defensive front of the

non-aggressive Powars."

*

UGUST 20, 1930. "Izvestia" says, A Britain is to be blamed for "Izvestia" sacrificing Czech interests to her own Buya, "A Soviet war for the de- schemes for reaching an agreement unconditional guarantee to defend the fence of the Socialist regime against with Germany, Instead of giving an the Fascist aggressors for their com Czech State if attacked." plete destrucllon is going to be the most just and most holy of war."

MARCH 17, 1930. Litvinov, Russian Foreign Secretary, says, "Every JULY 31, 1830, "Pravdo," organ of State signing a part of non-aggression the Russian Communist Party, with Germany is immobilised by her Anya: "The Soviet nation hates im- in case of Germany's attack on a perlslist war.

third State, "The Soviet people know that the

•

MAY 11, 2039, "Izvestia" says:

"If there is no article, releasing Tel. 27778-91 "If Britain and France really onslaught of the Faselst. aggressors one party from the pact in the event wish to set up a barrier to aggres- can only be stopped by an effective of an attack by the other party on aton in Europe, they must form a front of the peace-loving States, and a third State, ititler's proposed sys- united pact of mutual assistance, if are ready to take part in the org- tem of non-aggression pacte comes possible between the four principal animation of a genuine Peace Front. down to the principle of localising Powers in Europe-Britain. Fronce, "Only resolute and unyielding force war.

Hongkong Telegraphı.

Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 September 22, 1939

Safety in Warfare ALTHOUGH Poland has

altown

that modern warfare can reach terrifying proportions, the which we are now engaged may yet

prove the safest war in history.

•

癱

the US:S.R., and Poland-or at least can halt the march of the angressors." "This proposal of Herr Hitler the first three.

erentes in my mind the impression "An arrangement should be made UGUST 16, 1930, "Pravda" soys: that we are dealing with a new by which there three should guar- "The war of the Soviet Union attempt to partition Europe, inte anice other Powers in Central Europe against Fascism will be the most just two parts or several parts, so that which are under menuco of aggres- and lawful of all the wars of hu- by guaranteeing non-aggression sion."

manlly, The best means of defence against the one part freedom of la a violent offensive for the cum action may be gained for attack

·PRIL 0, 1930. "Izvestia" says, plete annihilation of the adversary against another part of Europe."

"Only a system of collective in his own territory. security, based on the thesis of the "To annihilate the advertary means SEPTEMBER 28, 1930, Litvinov indivisibility of world pence, can put to annihilate Fascism, raise the saya: "There are a few countries The aggressors in bonda"

workers against it, and help them which are ready to seek salvation in in thele war against Fascism." neutrality. If they really believe that they themselves have only to

申

PHIL, 1930. "Izvestia," says,

"All efforts to appease Germany MARCH 10, 1930. Stalin in his write the word "neutrality" on their through negotiation should be aban-speech to the Eighteenth Com frontiers, and the blaze will stop at war Indoned, The demperacles should again munist Party Congress said, "The these frontiers, if they have forgotten adopt a polley of resisting aggression polley of non-intervention is equal the fresh lessons of history, it is and of collective security. In this to connivance at aggression,

their business. case they can count on the full sup-

"Unfortunately "We stand far rendering support

even now they

service of the aggressive forces."

QEPTEMBER 21, 1937, Lilvinov says: "How illusory ore the hopes that collaboration can be successful between States which pursue differ- ent alms, which have contrary con- ceptions of International life and the mutual rights and duties of nations. "There can be no synthesis be-

port of the only country which bears to nations which have fallen prey to often put their neutrality of the

As weapons have improved they have, like warfare itself, become less deadly. This, seeming paradox is due to the fact that soldiers hldo free weapons they cannot face with- zut dying. The hero who cautioned his men not to Are until "you can see the whites of their eyes" killed more infantrymen with ten bullets Sw this a thousand rounds from the cannons of the Maginot or Siegfried lies will claim. During the Great War, 28,000 rifle and machine-gun bullets were red for each soldier killed. In the Franco-German War of 1870, eighty rounds of artillery were required to kill a soldier. In the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5. the number of shells fired for each death from artillery had increased to 150. In the Great War it took 000 shells to claim one human life. It is as you go back in history that casual- ties become really severe. In 216 B.C. seventy thousand Romans, out of an army of 70,000, lay dead on the fleld after the battle of Cannac; one- seventh of all Roman men of fighting age had been slain in a single day: The old warfare where men clashed In hand-to-hand combat resulted in the death of one or the other; thr defeated escaped only by the sperd of his legs and the strength of his lungs.

CAPTAIN FURY

Brian

TARRING

Victor

AHERNE MCLAGLEN

•

Jane LANG John CARRADINE Paul LUKAS George ZUCCO

Douglass DUMBRILLE⚫ Virginia FIELD

AND A TREMENDOUS SUPPORTING CAST

Tiến là HAI TOÀN

Borom Play by Grevor Jones, Jach Sirne noć Vištám De 195) Released Through United Artists

TO-DAY KING'S

THE

COUNT THE TELEGRAPHS EVERYWHERE

The civil population has fared even better in modern warfare than, the soldiers. When the Mongols march-

ed

away from the remnants of the capital," excludma the. historian, "there was not a groan or cry to be heard from the people, for all who were in that city were lying dead." The Mongol, Genghis Khan, the greatest conqueror who ever Hived, 700 years ago slaughtered 16,500,000 Chinese in twelve years of sporadic warfare,

In the Great War, despite long- range guns, worplanes, U-Boats and polson gas, not one in 1,000 of the dead were ather thon soldio. Wholesale destruction of the civil population has become a matter of humanity or inhumanity rather than of weapons,

Modern warplanes, true, are bettor. than they were 25 years ago, but so are the defences against aircraft. The greatest defence is retaliation it Hitler bombs London, Britain is going to bomb Berlin, and there is soon going to come a time when both sides will cry halt to that type of insanity.

The present war is not going to be won by Goering's air force. It will be won-as was the last. war, and as all wars have been won-not by the new toys of Mars, but by the man with the knife in his hand. Cali it a bayonet and put it on the end of a gun, but it is a knife, just the same as was used by the warriors of fifty centuries ago. All of man's modern weapons serve only to pre- pare the way for the man with the knife, or to retard him. It is he who wins the battle, captures and holds. ground.

LORD GORT SEES

THE SERGEANT'S

WORK

Infantryman who gave his name ERGEANT ANDRE MAGINOT,

N

ABC OF THE SOVIET INVASION

Q: Why has Soviet Russia

invaded Poland?

A: Because she believea that 101,196 square miles of Poland's total of 150,418 miles ia Russian territory.

Q: What grounds has Rusalo for this belief?

A:

:

The area was taken from- Rusala as a result of the Great War, firstly, through the Treaty of Brest-Litovak and secondly by Polish conquest against the Bol- bhoviks.

Q:Who fought the Bolsheviks?

A: Marshal Pilsudski, founder of modern Poland. He attacked In the spring of 1010, gained vast areas, was defeated in a counter- offensive, counter-attacked again and fought bitterly until the Treaty of Riga was signed in March, 1921.

Q: What did Poland this treaty?

gain from

A: An area of Russia contain- Ing five million people, of whom only 15 per cent, were Poles,

Q: How many Russians were under Polish rule last week?

A: Five million Ukrainians (some were formerly Austro- Hungarlins) and 1,000,000 White Russians.

+3

Q: Who are the White Rus- sinns?

A: Anciently known the Byelorussos. Nine centuries ago they submitted to Lithuanian in- fluence, and Intermingled with the Great and Little Russians and, to some extent, with the. Poles and Lithuanians.

Before the Great War the whole of White Russla belonged to Tsarist Russin, after 1821 two-thirds reverted to Poland. The Soviet regards Minak as the capital of White Russia,

Q: But aren't White Russians opposed to Red Russiane?

A: The

modern usage "White Russian" and "Red Rus sian" is political and not ethno- graphical. A "White" Russian in the political sense is Dr emigre from Bolshevism, or from modern "Red" Russian.

If Nazi Infantry tried to climb tween aggression and non-aggression,Q: The

•

on the turrets and spike the guna between peace and war." they would be massacred automall- cally by cross-firing machine guns.

MARCH 17, 1938, Litvinov (after The whole frontier spouts death. the Invasion of Austria) says: The line is considered impregnable Government that on its part it is "I can say on behalf of the Soviet But if, through mis-ready as before to join in collective

to the forts which Lord Gort is in- specting, lost a foot fighting at by experts. Verdun. When the war was over he chance, puy section of it fell to the actions which, decided jointly with took up politics again.

enemy it would be blown up by nit, would have the purpose of arrest- button pressed thirty miles back.

ing the further development of ng- "It agrees to proceed immediately to discuss practical measures."

Before the war he had been an Under-Secretary at the War Office, and insisted on joining but in 1014 he refused a commission private.

up ກອ

At night invisible Infra-red rays gression. sound alarms when their beam is crossed by some wanderer.

"Gas" Ia"Useless against the Maginot

The six-foot ex-sergeant became defenders. Controlled air pressure SEPTEMBER 21, 1938, Litvinov entering the(Just before Munich) says, "It was only two days ago that the Czech Underground railways and lifte formal inquiry to my Government Government addressed 1 As War Minister he became the convey ammunition and food from as to whether the Soviet Union Is driving force behind the proposal for fort to fort. The men could fight prepared, in accordance with the frontiers the greatest series of mill- their enemy, establishing on France's easternța whole war without ever

tary fortifications the world had ever

a great figure in the postwar Cham- prevents It from ber, and in 1020 WEB appointed fortresses. Minister of War in Tardieu's Cabinet.

seen.

aceing Soviet-Czech part, to render Czech- Slovakia Immediate and effective nidl FEW miles away is the will render similar assistance, to if France, loyal to her obligallons, The Chamber and Senate passed after the Wagnerian hero

A Siegfried Line, named which my Government gave a clear the plan and work began on the Nazi style.

true answer in the afirmative." original £60,000,000 forṭīācations.

Sergeant Maginoi died in 1932, The French do not think much NOVEMBER 8, 1937. three years before his dream was of the Siegfried Line compared with Nov

completed.

In

"Pravda,"

of

the

Q: How did the emigres come to be called "White" Russiana?

A: Because the Bolsheviks cali-' ed themselves "Red" Russians.

Q: How many political emigres, left Russia after the revolution?

A: About 1,800,000. Death and naturalisation has reduced the number now to about 300,000, of whom 50,000 live in China,

Bolshevists

arc the modern "Red" Husalans. Who are ethnographically classi fied as Red Russians?

A: The Russians living in that part of Poland which the Poles received from Austria-Hungary after the Great War. Lemberg (to-day known as Lwow) Is the capital of Red Russia. The Soviet will probably take this part of Poland as portion of their spoils, although Germany may lay claim to It because It was formerly: Austro-Hungarian territory.

Q: Any other Polish territory Ruasia may scize?

A: Yes, Part of Little Russia (the Ukraine) is Polish territory. steppes of southern Russla, the The Little Russians occupy the

south-west slopes of the central plateau, those of the Carpathian and Lublin mountains (now oceupled by German troops). The area was colonised by Catherine II.

Q: You speak of Little Russia. Is there a Great Russia?

A: Yes. Russia proper. It is known as the heart of Russia.

under Pollsh rule well treated by the Poles?

organ of the Russian Govern- their Maginot Line.

ment, says, "The Soviet Union is But the two lines CORES of millions of pounds warfare on the weatern front to a and independence of the peoples.

in front the true guardian of the freedom Were the Russians living have been spent on the perpetusi checkmate, with both sides "It pursues a Arm and consistent Line since. Now it stretches, an hammering, ever more feebly, at policy to save mankind from the new impregnable chain of massive sub-insuperable robots.

war of Imperialist slaughter,***** terranean fortresses, heavy guns, machine guns, apti-lank gune-com creted Irremovably into the soll of

France along 600 miles from Dun- GRIN AND BEAR IT

kirk to Switzerland.

Extensions have also been

Con-

修补

structed along the Italian and Bel- gian frontlers.

Viscount Gort has been showa things in the Line that we do not know about. Little official informa- tion is available on it for obvious reasons.

But there is quite a lot wo know. The subterraneon fortresses delve 328 feet down. Imagine overal Gloucester Hotels sunk below the carth..

These fortresses can house thou- sands of soldiers, feed thean for months, give hospital treatment.

Above them mighty guna-sweep the rolling hills of Alance-Lorraine.

It is estimated that there are 14,000 main gun positions in the Line.

ALL you see as a casual

provided"

you

get anywhere near at all-are low, ugly concreto turrets, like inverted bowls.

concrete

These have · forty-Inch protections. Three heavy shells land- Ing simultaneously on the' same-spot would do na damage.

1917 cost Germany twice as many soldiers as it cost the Allles.

That is why there is already a stolemate on the Western Front, Don't look for any spectacular Experience in, the last two years of battles in the West. Neither side la the Great War taught that the side likely to risk the price they will bavs that took the offensive, always last to pay for, that kind of victory. Leole two, three or oven four men against instead for a war of attrition-- one lost by the defenders. Modemi a long war as our leaders predict- defences... are too powerful. The.‡ in which the Nal collapse will be great Allied Victories" in 1918 cost brought about by economic meass. three times na miany British and | That is the kind of warfare in which French soldiers · as Germans. The the outcome is certain from the start great German victories In 1910 and

'wo` cannot Jose:

By Lichty

"Sybil li homa from school for the summen-we're educating

her in Europe, you know!''

A: Most authorities say no. But Poles and Russians alike in Polish White Russia were nearly always on the verge of starvation, because it is the poorest and most desolate part of Poland.

Q: Are the Ruthenians Rus slan?

A: "Ruthenia" is a form of the word "Russian." Ruthenian is another name applied to the Little Russians who were farmer- ly Austro-Hungarian but after the wor became Czecho-Slovakian and Polcs. The Ruthenians number some three millions In Galicia, Bukoving and in the Carpathians along

tho cdgo of Hungary. Throughout Galicia the Poles form the aristocracy. They are under an allen yoke both politically and economically in Slovakib, Rumania and Poland. Rutheals, which was born of Hitler's conquest of Czecho-Slovakia last year, 13 under Hungarian tutelage.

Q: What is the Curzon Line? A: The ethnological line run- ning through Foland which divides Poles from Russians.

[Q:

•

Who would gain if Germany seized, all of Poland weat of the Curzon Line?

At-Germany, enormously, be- coure she would subjugate land to which she has no moro claim than she has to Bohemia and Moravia. Most of it is predominately Polo and before the Great War was part of Russia.

WIN

4QF:Of Poland's total of 150,413 square miles, how mucli taken from Germany after the Great War?

At Only 6,073 square malles Dantzig, the Corridor and port of Upper »Bilesia. Not all of this territory is predominately Ger man.