1939-08-02 — Page 6

THE HONGKONG TE LEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 2, 1939.

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War Risk Cover

One Thousand Terrible Years

ONCE upon a time there

was a king named Charlemagne. This king was a plain, simple, stern, suc- cessful go-getter. He con- quered most of France and Germany and much else be- sides.

He "converted" to Christianity the heathen Germans-who at that time worshipped the same kind of gods as the Ancient Britons did-by offering them the choice of being christened for being massacred.

Now, when old Charlemagne dled in 814, he left his empire to his sons. These sons, like so many of the son of famous men, were no-goods, more or less. They were not a patch on the old m21.

One Of History's

himself.

Nobles and students, professors and pensants, shouldered their muskets.

Napoleon's Instructions, . "at the least insult from a village or town, burn it down." were of no avail.

Although the Germans were allow- ed to have only a mlerascople army, they instituted short-term service and gradually dried great sections of the... population in definece of Napoleon:

A QUARTER of a century ago to- day, German troops invaded France-- on Agust 2, 1914. The invasion was the beginning of the Great War, the four years of carnage that robbed the German Guns world of nine million men.

This is the story of France and Ger- many through the ages-of a thousand years or more of bloodshed and misery.

Millions and millions of lives have been lost in it. Millions and millions of money have been spent on it.

The war ended with the Treaty of groun:1.

In Paris

Then came

Napoleon's fall. The tables were turned.

The Prussians' commander was the stern Blucher. Marshal Vorworts he was called. Thni was his only com- mund-Forward!”

lie crassed the Rhine in 1814, went right through France, planted his eunnon on Montmartre and sent the Prussing Guards marching through the sullen crowds of Parli.

French

for

Napoleon went to banishment at Elba. and Blucher left Paris. Napoleon came back nt Waterloo, and Mucher helped to beat film there, and then marched into Parls again. Best Jokes

The man who enlarged and pra- able kindness und well fed, but their The old barbarian spirit came to They agreed to divide up his longed this dreadful war was France's generals distrusted each other. The the top when Blucher came to Paris. empire-Germany. France, Northern Cardinal Richelieu.

Gernuus were trained by cruelty. "Plunder," he cried. Ife wanted to Italy, ric-among them, none being Naturally he sent his own con-

The Prussians sailed into the loot the pince. It was only with good enough to take on the thing tingents Into the Thirty Years' war,

French and bent them heartily. They great dificulty that Wellington held So again the Germans were fight- moved just as regularly and ro him back. The Joke, one of the best jokes in

lentlessly as they might on the parade Then there was peace for both history, was that these brothers shoulding the French.

and Germans-peace rule their respective lunds in peace Westphalia (1648), a treaty that was Europe was petrified. It realised at them to prepare for the next tussle. and brotherly love.

There were two eurious things What actually happened was that to rankle in German hearts for cen- last that Bie French army was not

what it had been. A cloud of terror about these years of peace. Napoleon. the brothers and their successory France obtained Alsace. She also lifted. The King of England, It Is arch-enemy of Germany, proved her sturted to dispute over the divided and the "right of guarantee" to op- related, seemed years younger after greatest friend. inherit:ace.

His overthrow of the 200-odd So the Germans fought with the pose the union of any German States he heard the news.

The French vanished off the map princes paved the way for German French.

itck their wounds.

unity, a unity that was to be France's And thus the stage was set for a

down of the No Frenchman ever forgot this downfall. ls cutting long, long quarrel,

great defent. It

the Prussians su terrible a Prussian army made was

that blow that Napoleon traced the whole invent short-term service fall of the Bourbons from 11.

gradually built up the most terrible army in Europe--the army that was 10 overthrow his successor, Napoleon III.

turies,

with each, other.

Keeping Germany in this nince meat state became the keynote of French policy, and Up elfects of the war and the trenty were still felt in Germany up to 1080.

****

The Prussian

* "A

INTIL the time of Frederick UN despised the

the Great the French bad. Germans. Now they began to fear them.

That was Fate's irony.

☆

united,

grey

भे ✩ AS it developed, the French be. gan at times almost to look

IN 1839 Louis XIV, decided, for NO SUCH scheme as that planned upon it as a Holy War

The business of pitching into the for the United Kingdom regard-German bartarians had been begun the Lower Palatinate by fire and political reasons, to lay waste Artle Shaw's Orchi

Germany grew greater and greater, it became more and more ing cover for war risks has yet beeny the Caesars.

Augustus sent the Latins to light sword.

So the French marched hilo Ger- Tommy Darsey's Orch, !

time Christ

From then on they saw the relent- developed is Industries. It Benny Goodman's Orel, evolved in Hongkong, and it is the Germans about the

less Uogged-into-action German more aggressive. action will be was born. A whole army under one many. Paul Whiteman's Orch.unlikely that any

Heidelberg, Mannhelm, Speyer and military machine advancing on them

* Varus fell into the hands of a bar- taken.

barian chief called Arminius, in the Worms were sucked, Ladenburg and led by a man who did not mind

large tracts of tearing up scraps of paper.

PUSMARCK, the man of blood Benny Goodman's Orch.

forests of Teutoberg, and he treated Oppenhelm burned,

D and iron, the maker of the In London, the Government has then as the Abyssinians treated the country ravaged, and the Rhine dis- Then the German bogey vanished

sent Varus triet in great measure ruined.

for a while. At the dawn of the new Germany, the man with twenty- evolved a scheme for covering those Italians at Adowa, and

head to Rome.

Frederick

nineteenth century Napoleon gave the six duel stars un his face, was the which, in case war risks to

Germans the biggest load of trouble Instigater of it all. Augustus was heartbroken at the

they had yet shouldered.

Tension grew and grew until, in round his palace enemy attack, civilian life and pro-detent, and went

But a swift change was to come mumbling, "Varus,, Varus, give me

In 1808 the French poured across 1870, nothing could hold the age-old on the scene. In 1740 Frederick the the Rhine. North Germany was con- partisons back. perty will be exposed. There the back my legions."

So the Germans fought the French Almost It was always

Great came to the throne of Prussia. verted into a French garrison. the same

He started scheine has two conspicuous merits.

training Prussians as A French subject State called the again. country where the battles took place

them with Rhenish Confederation was formed. It was an astonishing war. In the first place it provides insurance Blucher in 1813, Moltke in 1879, soldiers. He trained

The conduct of the war by the marched through the very same gutes terrible crutcity and many floggings. This thine State had been the dream that barbarians marched through He made them move on parade like of Richelieu and his follower Mazarin. French in this the culmination of a

Roman clockwork.

as a means of keeplag Germany down, millennium of blood is among the when they broke into the

Frederick is highly significant, be- but they had never been able to great disgraces of history. Empire.

The great German accomplish it.

The French had many advantages, The defensive positions of the cause he began

in 1910 tradition of tearing up scraps of paper. Napoleon, advancing, simply smash- including new.machinegun, but that French army in occupation

Frederick, in common with other ed Prussia up at the battle of Jens, avalled them nothing. followed the same general nes as

The General StafT was terrible, the those of the Romans. Through all Powers, had signed a scrap of paper is armies chased the Germans right

to the border. War Ofce unbelievably corrupt.

The railways were choked, every.. thing was disorganised. The armies From the first there was antagonism Theresa, who had inherited the throne ignominious rout

was fearful of de- Napoleon entered Berlin, the hung about waiting for cholera belts between the French and the Germans. of Austrin, and of

eneiny capital, in triumph with his and comp kettles. You can read how a French king predations.

He honoured his promise by mar- guards. He issued his laws and the Some of the French soldiers found barefooted in winter extended his kingdom to the Rhine

into the Austrian Germun princes sunk to courting his themselves in 911 and a German ruler recovered thing, straight

dominions tö.scize.Silesia.-.

favour as he carved the land up and snows, because of stores mismanage- the booty In 9317

He marched with grim determina- distributed the pieces as it pleased ment. Others found that rascally contractors had filled their bullets tion, a bottle of poison ever in his him. pockel, so that he might kill himselt Prussia suffered terrible humilia with sawdust.

tions. It became a French vassal The French soldiers were brave la How a third surprised the German the lost a battle.

That was a new spirit to the Ger- State, Its army

was limited to the teeth of these difficulties, but they Emperor in his palace nt Auchen and

men. It was bled had perhaps the worst leadership that drove him back until the next year, mans, whom the world had hitherto miserable 42,000

had ever been seen in a modern wur. when the German drove the French-held in considerable contempt, and it dry financially.

made the French shiver in their beds. The lovely Queen of Prussia, who Moltke, head of the German army,

Frederick TVILB man to the very walls of Paris.

establishing to in vain had begged Napoleon for had worked out a new plan of fighi-. Prussian spirit.

mercy, died of a broken heart. The Ing of which the French knew So the French set out again to fight country was reduced to being a source nothing. the Germans.

of supply of food and

for Until then, armies had met each Napoléonie cempoigns.

other face to fuce.

THE STEAM LAUNDRY CO.

Head Office & Works 57032

history blood seemed destined to dow Promising that the signatories would across their country

respect the territories of Marla Never before had there been such an

in this Rhineland.

or compensation for the loss of life as well as for the damage to property; and in the second place it places the burden of compensation on the com- munity as a whole, thus recognising the nation's obligation to accept responsibility for the consequences' to the non-combatant population facing a national danger. Nothing "could" be better designed to sustain among the people a constant mind in the prospect or under the ordeni of war than the knowledge that dis- ablement and destruction are assured of adequate compensation by the State. Details of the scheme have yet to be led in, but its scope and French. principle will certainly recommend it to acceptance,

How another Frenchman reached out for the Rhineland in 940, and Otto the Great repulsed him.

The Germans were fighting the

✡

☆

AND on through the ages the

two races llved in fear of one

Trained in Cruelty

The French army, flower of Eur- ope's military force, met Frederick's

*

men

Moltke had a new tactle. He spread his forces, attacked his enemy on T last, as the duys of Waterloo cach wing, encircled and demolished

broke, Prussia could bear it them.

For volunteers in air-raid services, for civilians mainly dependent for another. Ever new causes to augment the great enmity seem to have been their livellhood OR their employ- Į found,

In the Afteenth century the great at Rossbach, in Prussia, The French no longer. There was a terrific rising ment, and for members of the mer-adventurer Charles the Bold carved, soldiers were trained with consider against the conqueror. cantile marine, compensation for himself a realm out of the French Injury will be payable at applicable and German border Principalities extending from the Channel through: standard rates. As for private pro-Switzerland.

perty, since no basis for an actuarial When he died his daughter married calculation can exist, compensation the German Emperor Maximilian. Both Charies' old neighbours pounced on his inheritance like vultures, So the Germans fought French.

from public funds Is to be paid "on the highest scale compatible with the circumstances of the country

ofter and not before a conflict." That is a very proper and a very

Hong Kong Depot, Tel. 21270. Gloucester Bldg., 2nd Fir., Tel. 20938. important proviso, to which is állach- Peak Depot,

Tel. 20352. Kowloon Depot.

COPIES OF

W

Tel. 58545ed the assurance that assessment of the damage will be immediate, and that the Compensation Board will be presided over by one of his Majesty's Judges. A plan has also been worked out for the emergency reconstruction of essential properly. Thus for for compensation: With regard to marine

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Across The

Rhine Again

the

In the middle of the sixteenth century Henry the Second of France pushed eastwards and captured Metz, Toul' und Verdun.

пла

Charles V., the German Emperor, replied by crossing the Rhine laying siege to Metz.

The Germans fought the French. Louis XII, of France came to the throne in 1810. There was an un- wonted peace.

It was the quiet before the storm, for between 1814 and 1814 the

war risks, a comprehensive scheme French were to cross the Rhine with

of insurance has been worked out death in their hands at least half a

with the mutual war risks associa-dozen times..

tions, and under this scheme the Government will reinsure the asso ciations up to 60 percent. of the value insured. A similar scheme has

been devised for the insurance of

The fight soon began'ngain.

+

* ✰

TI

DELIGIOUS war hud broken RELI

out In Germany in 1018.

It was to develop into the most terrible war Europe has ever seen.

cargoes, and for essential stocks on the great war not excepted..

un

war.

it was called the Thirty Years' land; and in all these cases premiums will not become payable until

Its bloody struggles reduced Ger- emergency arises. The intention is to many practically to barbarism. It Es said that in placen the farmisiteel devise Acheine also to cover peasants became cannibals.

Certain it is that the soldiers be- retailers who stock essential commo-

on the dities. It is evident that the Govern-came mere brigands living

German countryside, that farmers ment have surveyed this problem of ceased cultivation in despair, and that war-risk insurance very thoroughly, starving women and children follow- Though late, it is fortunately not too the armies over the ruined roads which no one had any money to re- pair.

Jale.

GRIN AND BEAR IT

By Lichty

Cope, 1139 $7 Undien Yendari Byntiasio, Int.

"Yotsir, we covorad a lot of ground-6,000 miles in two wooks! Brought back all theso postcards so we can look at the places we want through."

The French were rolled back.

In the crucial battle the French were led right into a valley with Germans all round them at Sedon.

Napoleon III. waxing his mout- ache, colouring his ash-grey cheeks to concen) the pain he was in, rode about heping to be killed in battle.

He was suffering from cancer of the stomach, and it was agony to him to sit a horse.

This may have had something to do with his surrender to the Germans with 03,000 prisoners.

*

☆

THE rest heroism of the French

THE

people had a chance to show itself not In war, but in the peace. Bismarck planned a terrific revenge. Far from his thoughts was healing the wound. His idea was to cripple the French for the next thirty years. He planned to do it by exacting an astronomical Indemnity of 3,000,000,- 000 francs £200,000,000).

The German army was to stay in hnted occupation until it was paid.

The money was found in a few months. Nothing e i had ever been seen before.

Peasants hobbled up with their long black woollen stockings, children took their pocket money to the anony mous contribution boxes put up in public places.

“God” said · Blamarck "when ho heard. 3 wish I had made it twice as much

Bismarck erred in his calculation of the French cupucity for plunder, be- cause he judged only by the deposits in the banks. He took too little ac- count of the peasants' woollen stock- ings.

So the Germans went from France and the two nailons went on hating. each other still. The monuments to Alsace and Loraine were draped fo crepe in Paris, The French planeed their revenge, and named their dogs "Bismarck,"

Germans

And

then 1014-the fought the French again.