1939-06-02 — Page 6

That's a

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THE 10 and 12 H.P.

The

Hongkong Telegraph.

Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 June 2, 1939

Twenty-Five Years

YESTERDAY saw the birth of it month momentous in history.

WHO

THE

ARE GERMANS?

Who are the ancestors of this German nation; where

did they come from; how have they developed?

EMRYS

JONES

tells here the story of the Germans from the earliest times to the present day. It is an interesting story interestingly told. To understand the march of to-day's events, you need to know what has gone before.

THE first phase of Germany's history begins with a Caesar and ends with

a priest; and in the long run the pen of Martin Luther proved more potent, more lasting, than the sword of Julius Caesar.

Between the coming of one and the death of the other you may see rough tribes rising to power and influence in the story of Europe.

Who were these Germans? Really, we don't know very much about them before the the when Julius Caesar was made Governor of Gaul in 59 |B.C., only a few years

before he landed on our own shores with his Roman legions.

Rare travellers certainly be- fore that braved the long journey from what is now Ger

many down to the Mediter- ranean, but we know little about them.

In June, twenty-five years ago, Now when Caesar arrived in a mad youth set the torch to the Gaul the Rhine, then as now, powder magazine of Europe at formed the boundary between Sarajevo. A glance through the the Gauls and the Germans; "Telegraph" files of a quarter-though one Gaulish tribe is be- of-a-century ago discloses that lieved to have lived beyond the Rhine at ils mouth, and invading Germans had settled down in Alsace, in that same province that Frenchmen and Germans have fought for in our time.

the

treated newspapers

the assassinations strictly on their merit as 指 news item about another of those troublesome happenings in the Balkans indeed, for a week after the assassinations the subject was dropped entirely in favour of the more interesting news about the suffragists, Home Rule, the tests and the Davis Cup..

No-one believed, in June, 1914, that three bullets fired in Sarajevo would claim ten million lives.

It was not until almost two months later, on August 4, that Britain went to war. It would

be all over in six months-just a jaunt, in fact, for the volun- teers from the more distant Dominions, who would not even have time to "have a crack" at the enemy, The War Office con- fidently claimed that Germany

would collapse in the spring of 1915 and then there would be no more European wars for sixty years!

of

Twenty-five years is a long apan and thousands who sur- vived 1914-18 rest peacefully in their graves in lands distant from the scene of the conflict. But there are hundreds thousands alive to-day--a thousand or more in Hongkong

who have reason to ask them selves how it comes that Europe, for whose freedom from wars they fought, is so soon menaced by yet another war and again with Germany as the villain of the piece.

It is the Tommies, who hated It all the muck, the lico, the bitter privations, the blood, the agony who have the right to ask to-day whether Ill-conceived diplomacy has not squandered Why has tired and jaded old Europe, after such a catastro- phic upheaval as the Great War, now to gird up its loins again face the probability

our war graves.

to

another?

of

own

Nobles and Serfs

IN early times there is evidence that the west-

CMIRAT CORDOVA

THIS IS THE " GERMANY' OF

CHARLEMAGNE

PEOPLE

IN THE

STORY TO-DAY

Charlemagne

Alaric the Goth

One of the

fell grent Rome names in the history his of Europe,

hordes.

Attila before He led the Huns into advancing Germany

the from East.

ern part of Germany, cast of the centres on the tribes living in separate kingdoms, by which Rhine, was occupied by Celtic five main districts. peoples, of the same descent us

EMPIRE

OF THE

AVARS

CMPIRE OF THC

GHAZARS

GREEK OR

BYZANTINL

IMPIRE

Charlemagne was the first great ruler to weld the warring German tribes into our Empire. Look at the map and see how far this Empire extended at the start of the ninth century. All France, Belgium, Hol land, Jugoslavia, and half of Italy game then under the sway of Char- lemagne's forces-But Berlin was not German then.

Week-end at the Perfect Inn

*barrels.

THERE is an essential fitness in all things-even in beer-

Have you ever thought how much less pleasant would be the surround- ings of our English inn parlour if the landlord had to draw beer from A square box instead of from the beautiful, rotund, symmelfical per- fection of a barrel?

If you go on home leave this on your summer, you may come travels to our English inn, and there you will see the noble barrels re- posing on their bench, "old," "mild," white and "bitter" in line, with 1 cloth over their brown and tranquil shapes. There will be no array of brass handles on the counter and a beer "engine" drawing liquids from Louis-called "the German" distant and mysterious depths.

Instead, the perfect innkeeper will Between the Rhine and the got the bulk of the lands east of greet you with the grave, warm the Basques, Bretons, and Welsh Elbe in the north-cast lived the the Rhine, as well as certain dis-friendliness of a natural host, receive of to-day.

Saxons; to the cast and south of tricts on the left bank. Yet even then, what you may them was the big kingdom of Rebellious--Dukes- (roughly call Teutons lived in Thuringia.

some parts of the basin of the In the south-west

NOW Germany began to Rhine-though the tribes had a Alamanni, in the land after- know it to-day, yet king succeed- multitude of names

for them- ward called Swablu, They ex- ed king uncasily on the centraland and join our company. selves, some of which survive. tended along the middlo Rhine, throne; putting down the rebel- For instance, the Saxons lived until they met the Ripurian Hous dukes, who were almost

were the

your order respectfully, but without condescension, take down from a hools-the-polished pewter-tankard, turn the wooden top, and from the

look more like we contented caress the noble stream.

Then you may take your pint In

on the west coast of Schleswig Franks, who lived in that dis- kings in their own lands, fight- and the Angli on the east coast., trict now called Franconia, of ing off the attacks of Norsemen, Farther east in the basin of the which the Jew-baiting Julius Slava from the east, and Oder lived the Lugii, who are be- Streicher is Governor.

Magyars from the south.

the Bavarians, as they are to- Great, Germany regained the im- Still farther cast on the day.

perial crown. The story Vistula were the Goths, and as

of these tribes is

lieved to have been the Vandals Then in the south-east were However, under Otto the

of later times.

barrel will flow with the sound of a

THERE is a bowl of daffodils -on the table. There will not be too much light, perhaps the daylight through mullioned windows, perhaps the warmer light of well- to see the rich colour of old bak trimmed lamps, but enough for you

walls, the black ceiling beams, and.. the barrels behind the spotless counter.

These thoughts came to me of an

inn parlour of our English inn. club of good neighbours met in the

We

are looking forward to seeing you.

We are the countrymen of England,

generation by generation, and in

as our fathers were who drank here, quietness and in confidence is our strength.

But with Otto's successors you read German history you one of war among themselves; came conflict with the Papacy note the tendency of tribes in until the coming of one of the and more fights with the no- evening this week-end when the the cast-even from outside great names of history, Charle- bility (who preferred dividing Germany-to press westward. mague.

Germany up into States), until Germany's tribal system was Under him, for the first time, Henry III, in 1039, lifted Ger- divided into four grades: nobles, in 804, the German races came many to the peak of its imperial freemen (or vassals), and serfs. under a single ruler; he provided power by making federal states They elected a king by popu- law for the whole empire, and of Bohemia, Poland, and Hun- strictly limited. Even lar vote, but his powers were beneath his banners marched gary.

We are not even disturbed by any in this soldiers of all tribes, inspired by

news on the wireless. We have just Regard Henry, then, as the beaten the visiting team from the primitive system, you get a patriotism and welded by re- forerunner of the German Dog and Pheasant In the most im- glimpse of Germany's genius for ligion-for now all Germany was "Drive to the East."

portant darts match of the season.. military organisation, for in nominally Christian.

According to historie precedent In After him, once time of war the king was made

these contests, our landlord has just Gone, then, are the days of the decline of German power.played the visiting landlord for a subservient to the leader chosen Wagner's Wotan. Gone, too, are His successors

Great, to lead the tribe in battle.

quarrelled with gallon of beer and lost, the Nibelungs and the gods that the Pope, whose power was be- onions have been distributed to the crusty rolls of bread and cheese and The king had to play second "rule by beauty."

coming fiddle very often, for the Ger- man tribes made. frequent raids and the Rhine-daughters and the

more widely acknow-winning and losing teams, We raise With them vanishes Valhalin ledged.

our innkards to our host. "To you, str." "To you and the missus.". Into Gaul, fighting the Roman mists that surrounded the un- For instance, in Italy the growth Other factors came in, too. power which was trying to push cient goda of Rhineland mytho- of autonomous cities weakened its empire beyond the frontiers logy. of the Rhine.

more, came

UTSIDE there is the sound of a car entering the old

the rule of the German empero's, They disappeared from the, and even the great Barbarossa, Goths Invade Rome German mind, making way for Frederick I., failed to break then stable yard and drawing up on

THEN, as troubles in Christianity. Now they are be- power of the cities.

the cobble stones. Visitors have arrived, and the perfect host goes to

ten.

the empire increased, ing resurrected by extremists of Milan then, as now, was the the front door to greet them. It is so did the strength of the Ger the Third Reich of Adolf Hitler centre of the revolt, chief city of raining outside, and a bright fire has been it in the bedroom prepared for manic tribes. Finally they be--who is himself receiving from the Guelphs (or up-holders of the might of Rome. came so strong as to overthrow Wagner's interpretation of them Italian freedom) against. the

pleasure and inspiration.

Ghilbellines, who stood for the Charlemagne Alaric the Goth, Rome

Under, the invading forces of

pushed his emperor. - fell, armies into Spain and Italy.

Barbarossa fought the deci- Then it was sacked by Attila, and in 800 Popo Leo III. 'crowned alve battle near Milan and lost- the famed leader of the Huns, him the Emperor of the Romans. only just escaping death himself. who came as invaders from the So began the Holy Roman Em From that time the hold of Ger- east into Germany, and by pire which

in various forms

There is also some hot soup from the stockpot on the ever-burning kit-. chen range, a cut of roast saddle of Southdown lamb, apple pie and cream, samo Cheshire cheese.

Why is it, I wonder, that so many travellers prate of the welcome and

the food they have had at obscure hotels abroad, and so few scem to

If Germany had won in 1918, Genseric the Vandal, both tribes existed right up to the time of many on Italy ceased to exist in have found the perfection of both in

leaving their names to history Napolcon.

Somewhere there has been colossal and criminal blundering

rest, assurred there would be no menace of war over Europe to day. We won, and It seems that, 21 years later, we may just be starting to pay the price of victory.

as symbols of savagery and des- Yet it showed its weaknesses

an English inn: -----Do stews taste better abroad? -I- Barbarossa then looked elae-wonder. Will you find a

welcome abroad than in an English 36 soon as Charlemagne died, where for his now worlds and,

Inn? No, indeed, if you will come From the time of the Roman By the Treaty of Verdun in 849 our King Richard and the King among us this springtide, and have, decay, the story of Germany France and Germany became PLEASE Turn To Pago 5.

PLEASE Turn To Page 5.

reality....

warmer

as

[truction.

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