THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, Wednesday, May 24, 1939.
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To-day is Empire Day Here is
is the BRITISH EMPIRE
the story of the
THE British Empire was founded in its
beginning not on land, but on sca.
It was our seamen, not our soldiers, who first planted the flag in far countries, and who were the first of their race to un- roll the map of the world, so great a part of which is now called Britain Beyond the Seus.
Even now, the Empire depends not a little for its prosperity and its safety upon British seamen; one-third the trade of the whole world is carried in British ships.
Not only a large proportion of the Empire's wealth depends upon those great merchant fleets, but the food supplies of the mother country, and therefore our very lives and the continued exis- tence of the Empire itself, aro subject to the safe- guarding of British merchant ships by British battleships in time of war..
It was by obtaining the supre- macy of the sea that our fore- fathers were able to build up the
ing that supremacy that we and our descendants may alone hold it.
Hongkong Telegraph. Empire; and it is by maintain-
Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 May 24, 1939
Triple Entente
ness of the earth, there might be a horlor way to Cathay (or China) and the Indles by sailing straight out into the West of Europe.
at
boldly and successfully contested by clared against her by Spain, it was perfectly well known that Philip II. British sallors later on.
Of the second voyage of John as the lead of the greatest Catholic Cabot and his sons there is no ac- Power of Europe, was preparing, When he settled down in Bristol. curate record, but it is believed that the bidding of the ncible army. to invade somewhere about the year 1401, he he, with his Bristol men, attempted this country with on
The object of this. "great enter- stirred the imagination of the Bristol to penetrate to Asia by the North- traders Into bellef of great land west, being the first to venture upon prise," as it was called. Was across the Atlantle; for, according to that famous and fabulous "North- dethrone Elizabeth, the Protestant, the Spanish Ambassador in England, west passage" to the Indies which to place in her stead Mary Queen of who in 1498 wrate a report of John cost so many brave lives to England Scots, the Catholic, and to bring buck Cabot to his Government:
in after-years.
the English people to the Roman Calth, under the supremacy of the
England-"this little isle set in a sliver sea," as Shakespeare called its the Inheritance of men who were truly "rocked in
"It is seven years since those of the cradle of the deep."
Bristol used to send out every year The frst Englishmen-Angles, a fleet of two, three, or four caravels Saxons, and Jutes were sea-rovers to go und search for the Isle of Brazil AFTER THE bull which followed who came with the north-east wird, and the Seven Citles, according to
and they
followed by the the fancy of this Geneese," Danes, who lived by piracy, and whose enptains were sea-kings, hald- Ing their titles by right of conquest over wind and wave.
10
the British and French guarantees Poland, Rumenia, Greece and Turkey, events are again hurrying forward in Europe.
On Monday came the news of the
were
Four years after Columbus had set foot in the New World John Cabot resolved to ga himself in search of undiscovered lands. In 1490 he petitioned Henry VII for permission to take possession
of England.
Finding himself barred by the iceflelds of the North, he turned southward again, coasting as far down the North-American shore as Florida, where provisions failing, they return
ed to England.
After the voyage, John Cabot disappears from history, and it is presumed he died at Bristol shortly afterwards. To his son Sebastian he bequeathed the memory of his great voyages. Edward VI gave Sebastian a con-
Pope.
Philip, however, hesitated for a lang time before formally declaring war,
But while Philip was waiting he was not loth that English sailors arriving at Spanish poris should be seized
as heretics by his merchant captains and handed over to the Holy Inquisition, to be burned at the stake or imprisoned.
So it happened that many a good
signing of the Italo-German military to ti the rich soil, and to found of any such countries in the name alderable ɛalary as Royal Chief Pilot merchant ship setting out from Dept- affiance. Yesterday came confirma- tion of the new military agreement
Russia.
Even when Angles, Saxons, and Danes had abandoned their sea-life
their rival kingdoms on this good English land, the voice of the sca
King Henry, having lost his op- and afterwards he became Governor ford or Bideford or Dartmouth never was still in their ears, their pulses portunity with Columbus, was glad of the Company of Merchant Adven- come home again, and many good still beat to the tune of the surf of this new chance of extending his turers, formed for the discovery of women had cause to mourn their ent husbands, sons, or sweethearts who they were kept hard and tough by seas, and duly sent his Royal patent of English trade with foreign parts. As a result of these developments the cold, keen winds booming over
parts, halt and headland.
Doubtless he had hoped that Henry Sir Hugh Willoughby and Richard sent to Queen Elizabeth and her Fierce petitions for redress were It is strange, therefore, our country would provide some of the cost, of Chancellor to discover a way to the Ministers. Elizabeth, men should have been behind-hand the expedition, but generosity was not East through Iceland and Greenland. entire sympathy, did not feel herself although in at drst in tracking their way to un- the strong point of the English King.
This expedition laid the founda- tit for tat" to Spain. Spain was too known oceans and should have let and in this expectation Cabot was
in a strong enough position to give seamen of other nations lead the way disappointed.
tions of great commerce between and pul new lands-new worlds
Russin and England which has been powerful for open defiance. almost-upon their charts before
steadily maintained from that day to they themselves were quickened into
this. the desire for similar discoveries.
It is
between Great Britain, France and breaking upon our rugged coalts, and dominion to new lands beyond the new countries and the developmen had been captured by Spanish ships,
to Master John Cabot, of Bristol City. he promoted the famous voyage of
It was when he held that office that or in Spanish
the world is now exuelly, where it I was twenty-five years ago.
The Triple Entente, which died with the Russian Revolution in 1917, is alive again:
The pre-war Central European Alliance, which collapsed when Italy tore up her treaty with Germany and Austria and came in on the side of the Allies, has been revived with the signing of the Italo-German Agreg- ment,
Afraid To Fight
On the other hand, if her private subjects cared to risk their lives and IT was probably in May of the
ships in revenge of private wrongs, following year that a little feet Why England Was red of years until tho-opproach of ship, the Matthew, left the Port of that for several hun of five boats with John Cabot's flag-
she was quite ready to turn a blind eye to any such action, especially if that wonderful sixteenth century Bristol and, in the words of Kingsley'
they gave her some share of any which was to be the Golden of
plunder they might obtain. song, England, the
"went sailing out into the West. of English sea- spirit
With or without her consent there - Salling seemed to be sleeping.
continually "with the North A YEAR later, in 1557, he died, and manship
to this day his name and were men in England prepared to Although King Alfred, who is justly struct new land, since identified by the sake of his still greater father, wrongs." The Protestant gentlemen
right hand." he at last Star on his
memory, for his own sake and for seek revenge of such Importable English
most authorities as that part of North war comes to Europe, history will the sea was England's "first line of foundland. Here he planted the Bag life.
Navy, had been quick to
or are the pride of Bristol, in which city of England, inspired by their hatred repeat itself as regards Italy's re- defence" and hud bulit and manned of England, the first English flag to
to fight, scuttle,
or capture any lations with Germany. Mussolini a Bitle fleet of battleships, bla example be set up in the New World or in
To Bristol men, indeed, belongs the Spanish ship that ventured near the was speedily forgotten by those who on colony beyond the sens, and took greatest honour of having been the English coast without waiting for any followed him, and England had any
no repecter of treaties than his pre- Royal Navy even when Henry VIII possession on behalf of King Henry across the Atlantic to the New World
first to sail from an English port formal declaration of war.
Among the old families of the west and of having done most to arouse const, where Protestantism had taken the spirit of English seamanship for its firmest hold, it became
fashion- the discovery of unknown lands.
able thing for the younger sons to fit success, such as it was, could not fish Channel and the Irish Sea in So far, it must be admitted, their well armed, and to patrol the Eng- out small ships, well victualled and compare with that gained by the search of Spanish merchant ships. Spaniards and the Portuguese.
From Bideford, Bude, Clovelly, Exmouth, Plymouth,
Not a few people believe that, it called the Father of these that America which we now call New- he lived for the greater part of big of Catholic Spain, were eager enough
has shown himself
even less
decessors, as witness the fact that he broke his pledge to the League of Nations regarding Abyssinia, his' pledge ta, the Non-Intervention Cem- Quest For Riches mittee regarding Spain, his pledge
first came to the throne, and the dawn of modern England broke through the dariness of the Middle Ages.
to Britain regarding the status quo
In Unknown Seas
Was never
In the Mediterranean, and his pledge | FINGLAND, however, to Albania to protect the integrity of without her sallors. In Devon
and Cornwall, along the south coast and the cast, there was always a
tise
renowned.
three hundred leagues" along a Then he salled southwards for
country inhabitated natives who
by used needles for making nets and
snares for catching game.
On his return Cabot sighted "two large and fertilo islands" on the starboard, since confceturtd to be one of the Newfoundland promontories and a part of the mainland.
+.
During the half-century that fol- Dor Regis, and many another Went-
lowed the discovery of America by Christopher Columbur, Spain had Lyme firmly established her Colonial Em-- pire.
She had conquered Mexico and Peru, and the Isthmus of Panama was a highway acroUS which passed continually cara- vans laden with gold and precious stones, to be carried hame to Spain by great galleons,
country port, the Trelawneys, the Staffords and Carewa, the Champer- nownes, the Hawkinses and the Cob- hams
the Strangeways and the Seymours--men of good birth and good repute sailed out in search of adventure, plunder. and revenge against the dogs of Spain."
was a rough and cruel age, and
They had planted the English Ang colonies had been planted in South the Spaniards were guilty of
punishment,
that unfortunate country.
John Cabot and his Bristol men, Austria to-day would, as in 1914, hardy race of fisherfolk who knew although they had not found any
of the sea. secrets be Germany's ally since, as a part
"towns, cities, or castles" to "zubdue, And when, after foreign and civil, occupy, and possess," as enumerated of the Greater Reich, she would have wars, plagues and peasant rebellions, with so much solemnity in the Royal no choice but to go to war. Similarly, and the tyrannies of usurping kings, warrant, were, nevertheless, well the dismembered provinces of the English people began to find some pleased, and had a right to be well measure of liberty, peace, and pro- pleased with the success of their Czecho-Slovakin, and probably quasi-sperity, a goodly trade with foreign mission..
in those 50 years many prosperous independent Slovakia, would also ports was built up.
Merchant ships sailed from Eng on the coast of Northern America of Spain, and sending home enormous barbarous deeds, the English were
America, governed by the nobility fight against the Triple Entente.
Ish ports to Cork, to Antwerp, to (which they still believed to be the It is another question, however, Bordeaux, to Venice and Genoa, and East Indies) and John Cabot declared wealth of spices, fruits, and gold to not one whit more gentle in exacting whether Austrians and Czechs would other markets of Europe, with himself abundently satisfied with the
the mother country.
Against such success as this. the fight willingly for Germany. It is "Frankish wools" from London and produce of the waters, stating that English could: claim but little for Antwerp to Cadiz, with 40 Inquision A Spanish vessel bound from Norwich; with "Suffolk stuffs," the sea was full of fish which were themselves. Interesting to recall that Czecho-village medleys," kerseys of all taken both with the net and in
prisoners on board, was chased and Slovakian independence was born of colours and all manner of fustians baskets weighted with a stone and It was not until Elizabeth came to captured by one of the Cobhams. He the Great War and that, long before cloths for which England became that, in a word, so much stock fish the throse in 1558 and a new sense took off the prisoners, sank the ship, could be brought thence that Eng of patriotism stirred the hearts of and, sewing up the Spanish coptain they had a country, the Czechs had
But even then our merchant sea and would have no further need of Englishmen that our seamen challenge and crew in their own mainsail, a Government and an army.
men kept to the well-known sea- its old commerce with Iceland. ed the inight of Spain, and by their flung them into the sca,
doring and adventurous spirit made. Despite protests from Philip, The Triple Entente should have tracks between their own land and Ten Little Ships
the European ports. Good money or
their nation the greatest sea-power Elizabeth made no scruple, and, sobering effect in Europe. He would profitable exchange for Engilah car
of the world.
Indeed, showed considerable anxiety, indeed be u brave diclator who will goes was all they sought, and as yet
When she came to the throne the to receive the lion's share of the rich it never entered their heads to plunge
Royal Navy of England was hardly spoils captured from the great Power noon challenge the might be the three into unknown seas for new lands N his return to Bristol Master armed Spanish 2 affuck the wally wear whom outwardly she was at great nations who, when the new pact where there might be greater riches. Cabot found himself a hero in the chance of
gallcons any peace. victory. conceded by Britain is signed, will, It was the Portuguese and Spaniards old English seaport, and indeed, in
But one must remember that In the service of the Crown there although England was not out- form an irresistible combination on who were first daring enough to set the whole nation.
were only seven revenue cruisers in wardly at war with Spain, Philip the sea, the land, and in the air... out what lay upon the other side of and sent him
ļout upon voyages of discovery to find. King Henry was highly pleased commission, the largest of them no II was plotting against the Ufe end Burn of money more than 120 tons, and eight mer crown, of England's Queen, and his What effect the proposed Alliance the great Atlantic,
"wherewith to amuse himself," and chant brigs altered for fighting pur- subjects were burning, banging, rob- promised that in the spring he should poses. In the dockyards of Deptford ulng, and imprisoning English scorner have ten ships armed to his order, and Plymouth there were about 20 whenever they could do so with safety and any number of prisoners, except, rotten old ships which had been built to themselves. those confined for high treason, to by Henry VIII when the French had Therefore a state of war did threatened da invasion of this cout actually exist between the two nations, although their Governments still kept up a vala prefence of friendliness, and we cannot blame the Elizabethan seamen for taking the law into their own hands, British Sea Power:
It was a good thing for England that crilicnt and dangerous epoch of Elizabeth first came to the throne they did so. Had the Navy re- ANGLAND of this time was at a malned in the same condition as when her history ------
Phillp of 8pain's "Invincible Armada,” PLEASE Turn To Page 5-
will have on future Japanese policy Carried Our Flog
To The New World
On Great Voyage
man his fleet.
д
remains to be seen. It is an en- couraging fact, from Japan's point of view; that the proposed pact does not extend to Russia's eastern frontiers, TOIN CABOT was a dcnocse by
The Spanish and Portuguese. try, but no longer seaworthy, and and there can be ndˆ reason for Japan
birth, but before settling in Eng- Ambassadors were greatly put out by diamantled of their artillery. to suppose that the pact is directed and he had been a citizen of Venice,; these enterprises, and whole lengthy These Men Built ogninst her in any way: Japan, Not much is known of his early. Ife,, letters on the subject to
their respec doubtless, will give full consideration but he is described: 08 a maker of tive Governments. to the fact that any decisions on her charts and maps.
Already, Spain was jealous of any part to join the ftome-Berlin military trader to the East, and it was at made by the other nations, and tone At one time he travelled as discoveries of new colonies being. axis will most likely lead, however, Mecen, when he was buying spices sidered that the Spanish flag alone. to an extension of the Triple-Entente from the East, the iden drat came had a right to float over the Now to the Far East,
to him that, on account of the round- World a claim which was to be
Although wer had not yet been de
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