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Minorities
the question AT BOTTOM
threatening the peace of Europe is not, as Mr. Gurvin suggested in the London "Ob- server" this Sunday, the prob- lem of Italy's claims on France.
It is a question of hegemony, A single minority has become the issue of the day-a super- ficial issue. Loud as are the demanda from Rome on behalf of its minority in Tunisia and Corsica, they do not drown out the cries and echoes which the existence of minorities in nearly every State in Europe produces. A truly totalitarian approach to Europe's minority grievances would recognise that Europe it- self is one big minority problem. A readjustment of national bor- ders to bring the greatest num- ber of minority members back into the folds of their own national states would' involve cessions of territory by Italy, France, Russia, Germany, Aus- trin, Poland, Rumania, and by other states.
Such a solution naturally is not proposed, because only those adjustments of minority ques- tions which will result in the greatest embarrassment to de- mocracies are at this moment useful in Rome-Berlin diplomacy.
Broadly, religion, race, lan- gunge, base all. minority problems--the problem being grievous usually in proportion to the restrictions placed by governments on the exercise of minority rights and privileges in those three fields.
Incidentally, it is dimcult to find a section of Europe in which minorities have been more severely treated than in the south Tyrol, which ceded to Italy after the Great War and where the minority- in which Berlin appears to take no interest is Germanic.
WAS
M
A. R. Pygmalion: "Dear Statue, Please Come to Life!" Pygmalion made a statue of Venus, fell in love with it, and prayed that it should come to life. George Whitelaw casts Sir John Anderson-whose A.R.P. scheme will be considered by the
-as Pygmalion,
Commons
Reporting Progress: by Ritchie Calder
Y long white beard got tangled in the works and stopped the clock this week-end while I gave my small son his seventh birthday lecture on "When Father Was a Boy."
I told him how on my seventh birthday I was taken to Montrose Aerodrome, In Angus, to see Cap- tain Longcroft, who had made a record flight of 630 miles to Farn- borough. And how the Schneider Cup was won that year with a speed of 48 m.pa.
The look he gave me mada me feel as venerable as Santa Claus, For he has the modern boy's passion for aviation. He knows that the latest non-stop flight was more than ten times as far, and the record flying-speed nearly ten times as great.
Yet I was talking about 1913- only 25 years nge,
It made me realise how the speed of modern events is changing the time-scale, that, in terms of rapid progress, we are as far removed from our grandfathers as they were from the Romans,
SO I spent yesterday try- ing to devise a new clock, My first attempt was to borrow the radium-clock with which moderni geologists measure the age of the earth. The radio- activity of a given mass of thorium is reduced to half-value In 1,800,000,000 years. It turns even- tually inte lead. And from that we know that the earth must be at least 3,000,000,000 years old.
But I found my desk littered with noughts and I ribandoned It for a more manageable clock in which an hour became 100 years.
That makes my son only 4 min- utes 12 seconds old and myself 19 minutes 12 seconds old:
Seven months ago. by this reckonlug, the first man-like apes of whom we find traces, were fash- loning roughly shaped stones which they used as hand-az.cs." They were still animal, but they walked upright. These "pseudo-
The Coogans Separate
New York,
Vowing their love for each other, Jackie ("The Kid") Coogan and his blonde wife, Betty Grable, have been forced to separate, their furniture sold by financial necessity, and their i home closed.
mother, Mrs. Lillion Grable, and Miss Grable has returned to her Jackle is living with an unele, Mr. George. Coogan.
There is no question of divorce. It is purely a matter of the pounds, shillings and pence not being mough to keep the hame going.
Poland, which has joined the clamour for the return of its
"VERY MUCH IN LOVE” minorities, la itself ruler, over
Mrs. Lillan Grable, explaining the minorities which constitute situation, suid: "Both love each other
very much, but
everything is in a about thirty per cent. of its
financial targle. Jackle's lawsuit population. Hungary governs against his stepfather_and mother minoritica constituting about 15 (Mr. and Mrs. Arthta Bernst
Bernstein, who he suinit for the recovery of per cent. of its population. 2800 000 he claims to have earned About thirty
cent. of fas a child) sull being delayed." per
Said. Jockie: "It is very tough. I Rumania's population comprises love. Betty very, very much. But minorities. In Yugo-Slavia, - everything will come out all right. among the 21 per cent. of the We hope to be lorether again as soon as our anancés allow us to do so.” “ population composed of minor!!
„Tetty declared: “I am still crazy ties, ard. more than 600,000 about Jackle. The supamtion Im
permanent. "Once he gets back on fils feet we'll be together ageln.
Germana:
One hour
100 years
men" inhabited a Europe in which thero were hairy mammoths, rhinoceroses, hippopotami, sabre- toothed tigers and glant beavers.
the common cradle of Mankind, the part of Asia we now call Iran. and, until recently, Persia,
Ten days ago, thèse Cro-Magnons began to draw on the walls of their
The Dawn Man, still an ape, was Iving beside a river near Phit~caves, use plements to shroud their down, in Sussex, barely six weeks ago.
Three weeks ago most of Europe was covered with ice, like the ice- cap which covers Greenland to- day. The North Sea and the Irish Sea were river beda. The Mediter- ranean was deep valley, across which travelled the rhinoceroses. hippopotami, and clephants, оп their way to the warmer South. The cold killed off the sabre- tpothed tiger altogether.
Hunting these animals were en lightened apes. the Neanderthal Men. They had discovered the use of fire, by, it is believed, striking iron pyrites against flint; probably in making their tools,
They wore skins from the ant- mals they killed; they lived in caves, huddled round their fres ngainst the creeping cold of the Fourth Ice Age, which was éventu- ally to destroy them. They lived on putrid flesh and the marrow of mashed up bones,
THE Fourth Ice Age lasted less than a fort- night by this reckoning. and as the ice-cap began to shrink northwards and the climate of Europe began to get warmer, the first real men-not Ape Men, but men very like us—appeared.
They came, it is believed, from
dend it ritual burials. They fol- lowed the herds of wild horses and reindeer as they sought new pas- tures in the wake of the retreating Icc.
Four days ago, Man began to take pride in his crafts, to paint pebbics as jewellery for his Woman, make pottery and tame animals for domestle uses.
Round the Jake dwellings of two days ago, our ancestors began to grow wheat, barley and millet. And agriculture began."
LESS than a week ago, the valley which separ- ated what we now call Europe from Africa was flooded, the gates nt Gibraltar were broken down and the Atlantic flowed in. Maybe that was the Bible Deluge.
By Greenwich Mean Time, it is midnight. At 4.37 this morning began the Christian Era. Thirty- three minutes before Cæsar had Invaded Britain Rome was sacked by the Vandals from Germany at 8.43 a.m. The sun was temporarily eclipscú. Mohammed was born at 10.55.
nople was taken by the Turks. The learned men, heirs to the cul- ture of the East, of Greece, and of Rome, began to flee westwards like the Jewish refugees of 1938, taking with them the culture which gave us the Renaissance.
Columbus discovered America at 131 this evening. At 7.47 began the Reformation.
TWENTY-ONE minutes before printing had been Introduced, Drake salied round the world at 8.25., and defeated the Spanish Armada at 8.30 having discovered Greenland. in the interval,
At 8.38 Scotland and England 'were 'unitéd' under "James 'VI ́and'
tat.
Within 25 minutes Britain was in the throes of Civil War.
James Watt's steam engine be- gan the Industrial Revolution at 10.10. Five minutes later America had declared its independenco. Within another 9 minutes the Bas- tille had fallen and the French Revolution had begun.
Napoleon had 12 minutes in the Ilmelight.
Faraday's electrical discoveries which made the generation of electric power as we know it to- day possible, occurred at 8 minutes to 11.
By 11 o'clock we had the electrio
At 3.24 this afternoon, William ..telegraph. Within another minute the Conqueror invaded England. we had photography. Four min- By 4.30 men were using · gun-
Inter utes
hnd the powder.
At 7.10 thin evening Constantl-
GRIN AND BEAR IT
By Lichty
- còuráð fé%^a willy, muporstition, but whenever we have a dUL.
"for $15, like yours, we skip it and go to 14.
подсп
mechanical sewing machine. Chloroform came within another half-minute.
At 11.16 the Arst explosion motor which was to lead to motor-cars and power-driven noroplanes had byen evolved.
Six minutes later Omham Bell had invented the telephone, tol- lowed within 30 seconds by the gramophone, and within a minute by the electric lump.
CINEMATOGRAPHY- arrived" 20 minutes ago. Marconi sent his first message across the Atlantio by wireless at 22 minutes 12 seconds ugo,
The Wright Brothers made their first night 21 minutes ago.
The Great War lasted; two min- utes 33 seconds in this time scale. Broadcasting began 10 minutes ago and talkies 63 minutes ago. Television broadcasts began one minute. 13 seconds ago.
Hitler has been 'in power three. minutes, long enough for him to turn the clock back six hours to the Dark Ages of Barbarism and the ghetto.
Now I am going to set the alarm for 800 years hence; in the hope that I can sleep off the headache this timekeeping has given me.
Today's Thought
TIME goes, you say? Ah no!
Alas, Time starr, WE 'pe.
-AUSTIN DOBSON.
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