1938-03-14 — Page 6

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, MONDAY, MARCH 14, 1988.

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WHAT NEXT All Europe is Watching

in CENTRAL

EUROPE?

AUSTRIA'S New KEY MEN

EVENTS during the week-end have opened a new By F. W. Memory

chapter in the history of one of Europe's oldest and most complicated problems-the question of Austria.

The That country owes its importance to geography. Danube Valley is the main artery of travel or invasion from east to west in Europe, and across the head of it, where Austria lica, run the chief European communications from north to south.

Vienna stands at the greatest cross-roads of the whole con- tinent..

From the beginnings of history people have been streaming to and fro over Austrian territory.

The Romans marched down the Danube in one direction; 1,000 years later the Turks came murching up it in the other; caravans of mediaeval German traders from the north there met companies. of priests and scholars setting out from Italy.

With so much movement along

it,

and across the Valley of Danube

Hongkong Hotel the

gradually bc-

Stubbs Rd.

Garage

The

Tel, 27778-9.

Hongkong Telegraph.

MONDAY, MARCH 14, 1938.

DEFENCE OF DEMOCRACY

came

# very cosmopoli tan place. Slavs, Teutons, and Magyars live there not only in close proximity but mixed up cach with the others. Pre-war

Austria Hún -

POLAND

O WARSAN

LOVAKE

BIRLIN GERMANY

„OPRACIJE CZECHO

*BUDAPEST

AUSTRIA

HUNDAY

RUMANIA

BUCARESY

ITALY

BELGRADE

BULGARIA

JUGOSLAVIA

The trouble was the demand from across the frontier that he should be given the key posillon of Minis- ter of the Interior and Security, with control of the police, and the ingen!- TO-DAY all eyes are

ous solution of this problem brings turned towards into prominence another, figure-Dr. Vienna. They are focused O Michael Skubi, who was Director.of. Kurt von Schuschnigg, Austria's security in the old Government, en- 41-years-old Chancellor, and the joying the complete confidence of men he has called to the Council Schuschnigg and all the Fatherland. Chamber.

.. Front.

These are the men of the hour-

and of some of them the world knows The Police Chief

nothing,

IN TN the recent reshuffle Skubi

The one who will bear the brunt

became Under-Secretary to of everything is. Von Schuschnigg himself the man who looks like a Seyns-Inquart, who nominally con- country schoolmaster, but as a poli- trols the police, but it was Skubi who tician and patriot has few equals in was given the new office of Inspector--- Europe.

General of all police and gendarmerie forces. That means he not only He has been Chancellor, or, as we actually commands the police in should say. Prime Minister, ever Vienna but throughout Austria as since Dollfuss was assassinated in weli. 1034, and in the troubled years that have passed has stood solidly and stolidly for Austrian independence.

An Austrian First

It is an arrangement which appar- ently satisfica everyone and leaves the effective command of the police much "as you wero."

Michael Skubi is one of the "old men" of the new Cabinet, for he was born in 1877, and although described as a Civil Servant, has been a police- man all his career.

man

is. Dr.

PROFESSED Royalist, be A

has publicly stated that the happiest day of his life will be when the the Ilupsburga again occupy Throne of Austria, But that, is a

Next key

Gulda possibility which, as the result of the events of the last few days, hos Schmidt, to-day, at 37, the youngest receded into the dim future.

Foreign Minister in Europe, giving own Anthony Eden four years. Von Schuschnigg has always had He began his diplomatle career as an behind himn the Fotherland (or attache to the Austrian Legation in Patriotic) Front, but suggestion loyally of this powerful organisation has been shaken by the amnesty granted to those who took part in the 1834 putsch and the assassination

our

gary counted a dozen races and existence it has since led as an now comes from Vienna that the Paris in 1924. Ho is not a Nazi, but

as many tongues..

Until 20 years ago this political jigsaw puzzle had been under the sovereign authority first of the Holy Roman Empire and then of its successor, the Austro-Hungarian Em- pire.

Statesmen who looked into the had the Central

question European always made up their minds that it was too dangerous to touch. Harassed Area

veonomically

unbalanced Slate

of

2,000,000 Inhabitants, have aroused in Germany a strong desire to take this impoverished fragment of the Ger- man race into closer association.

That desire is shared by many people in Austria who see the prob- ability of better conditions for them- selves and their country as part of the reinvigorated German Reich,

Twice, indeed, has Austria publicly declared for such a union-by a plebiscite ut the end of 1918, and by an agreement concluded in 1931 to bollsh Customs dutles between the two countries. On both occasions. the former Allied Powers prevented

With the access of the National Socialists to power in Germany, under an Austrian-born Leader, the urge to join up the two countries, or at least to create between them the link of sympathetic and like-think- ing Governments, such as unites the British Commonwealth of Nations, has become stronger.

uf Dollfuss.

It is only during the last few days

he has distinct German leanings, and is one of the men whom Berlin insist- ed should be included in the Cabinet

not a

very dimeult beheat for Schuschnigg to concede, for the two have been friends since they were at

Jesuit college together.

Note he was the only Austrian to accompany the Austrian Chancellor to the fateful Interview at Berchtes- gaden last Saturday.

Loft, Dr. Von Seyss-Inquart

The official German press, Just before German troops in- vaded Austria, labelled Schuschnigg Government's plan for a national plebiscite as any- thing but democratic. It was. the press declared, no fair test

T the end of the Great War A boldes spirit prevailed, the of the opinion of the nation. Even Nazis, it was suggested. President Wilson had launched the would be forced to vote "yes" to magic slogan of "self-determination," and by a series of minor treaties, the Government's request for drafted by the "second strings" of an expression of approval, or the Peace Conference and signed in otherwise, of its policies. The various suburbs of Paris, the old Austro-Hungarian Empire was split German argument will not im-up into much-disputed racial frac

Above, Dr. press neutrals that the correc-

Two things have so far delayed the Michael. Skubl; Since then Central Europe has realisation of these aims--the failure

Dr. tive steps taken by Herr Hitler been a harassed area where

of the premature effort of the Aus-right. Irlan Nazis in July 1934 to achieve Cuido Schmidt. were exactly in accord with the redressed grievances, unsatisfied um-

them by force, and the reluctance of flourished exceedingly. accepted idea of democracy. Norbitions, and ancient enmities have

Everyone Italy, Germany's new ally, to see the that the nume of Dr. von Seyss

Influence of the German Inquart, the new Minister of the is it by any means proved by wants to remake the shattered jigsaw direct

puzzle in his own way.

Government extended right down to Interlor and Security, has been on everyone's lips. He sprang into the The isolation of the German care her own frontier, whose threshold is

known that on his appointment, the Austrian plebiscite would of the former heterogeneous Austro-uccupied by 200,000 Austro-Germans Berce limelight when it became

Tall ord #lender, with rather which carried with it control of the

uscetic fentures, Schmidt is by way have been the tragi-comedy Hungarian Empire, and the precarious, annexed against their will,

police, hung the fate of Austria,

of being a Beau Brummell. He they stigmatised it. Conditions

He is by no means a Nazl-a Pan- dresses elegantly, loves the life of the. BUT Germany still maintains German yes, but he is an Austrian Waltz City, and is never so happy as when at the Opera. Make no mistake, the purpose of amalgama- first. tlon, or at least a working agreement, In 1925 he founded the Austro- however, there is no keener brain in

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un-

had not reached the same state with the uneasy feeling that the in Austria three days ago that olive branch which has been

German-Speaking

they had when the Nazis came nourished by Berlin's ministers with Austria in the forefront of her German People's League, but it was Vienna.

Here, then, is the line-up of Austria's three new key men under Chancellor Schuschnigg:

Seyss-Inquart, nominee of Berlin.

Nazi organisations. expected perhaps to show favour to

Married to a beautiful woman of foreign programune. It has more not until last year that he became

Italian descent, Schmidt has two than a sentimental and economic a State Counsellor.

Earlier he came under the influence children and lives with his father- attraction for her.

of Dr. Dollfuss, and on the day that in-law. Partnership between Germany and the "Pocket Chancellor" was assas Austria would give the former Power sinated he had an appointment with an enveloping position with regard him which, if it had taken place, to Czecho-Slovakia, in whose north- might have brought Seyss-Inquart, western corner live 3,500,000 people now 46, into the political limelight of German blood and speech, restive long before this.

As it is, he has been working be- Neutralising him, the sage, poilce- under Czech rule.

hind the scenes, doing his utmost to man-cum-politician Skubl, who has "First bring Austria under our compose Austro-German differences, been fighting the Nazis for years, and wing; then demand autonomy for the Always has he had the confidence knows all their secrets or should do. Guido Schmidt, the only one of of Czecho- of Herr Schuschnigg, for he has made resolves are no secret of his conviction that the three with an untrammelled hand proud, very proud, to be an Austrian.

to power in Berlin. There was might wither overnight.

We shall not try to probe the unrest and discontent, to be

But they arose from ethics of the German seizure of Bure.

were by no Austria, for that is what it quarrels which

It is well-known means hopeless; and left to her amounts to. own devices there is every rea-that many millions of the Aus- son to believe that Austria trian people are Germans by would have solved them in time, blood and that they have claims | for Austrians are practical and of kinship which encourage the German minority well-balanced people, much like desire for the protection, politi-Slovakia"those two

written in bold characters upon the Austria should remain an independ-. but a friend of Schuschnigg, and the German themselves. What-cal and economic, which union agenda of the Nazi Government. ever the excuses, however Herr Hitler's action is explained or justified in Germany, the world brings to them. At the same which knows the meaning of time there is another vast num- democracy will not condone it.ber of persons, not Germans, desire for that Because there is a squabble in who have no

reason

the

with the powerful Fatherland

she treats. the

non-German

cast,

ent State,

BRAG-AND

WIN

that he could get

It is a pity that boastfulness is tion whatever you waxed cloquent llied engineer a neighbour's home that is no union; have even fought the

ever put into it, idea of "anschluss." How much regarded in this country as one on the subject of the lady's charms more miles an hour out of his cagine

A and your own skill in upholding than the makers of the unpardonable sins.

would be regarded by his fellow- by for interference

them.

men with the gravest distaste. So but friends or relatives if inter-mare will they detest the fact man may know he is good at

he,claims no credit for himse of government from Berlin! It something, he may prove it to IN A ROUNDABOUT WAY

sings the praises of his "old cession is not wanted,

To come to more recent years, the

He tells of amazing average speeds will be interesting, in view of his own satisfaction and that

of the world in general, but let bloods of the Regency period not

of vast numbers of miles to the While it is to be hoped that Germany's demands for

con-him be even suspected of putting only had an excellent opinion of over incredible distances. Ho chants' the crisis has been safely passed siderate treatment of German the thought into words, and Im-themselves, but had no hesitation in gallon. He speaks with bated breath. out-announcing it to the world at large, of the frequent occasions on which needle touches speedometer Even as lately as the middle of the the and that no new aggravating in- minorities elsewhere, to see how mediately he becomes an

Victorian era an Engilshman assumed eighty. And he is not a whit abash- cidents will be added to

In the good old days, before the with a delightful lock of humility ed when, doddling along at a steady pass him tension of Europe, the Austrian! "minority" in Austria, which, pen become mightier than the sword, that he was more than the equal of forty-five, we invariably

the man who did not brag of his own three men of any other nation on with ease.

and exirol his own earth. coup will not be readily forget-

prowess soon found himself despised What is more, he based all his GOOD 'SWORD EXCALIBUR ten, particularly by Germany's when it comes right down to it, achievements

Just as the knights of old had

with neighbour states. It has done is probably a large majority and neglected. The gallant knights actions on that assumption; and got

mogle properties Table were bragards to a man, Alt| Ask me what quality has made swords

down all nothing to alleviate the ever-but now a politically voiceless who sat at King Arthur's Round away with them.

were, People like the un- their fights by their own England what she is, and, without enabling them to hew

"I answer" "bragi" Ner opposition, so the modern sportsman present and recently growing one.

am 1 being cynical or Barcastle when gives most of the credit to some mar- stranger opponents, and usually they fear that boundaries will be up-fortunate Dr. Schuschnigg will account, against vastly bigger and hesitation,

not after all, so very much dif- le an excellent thing to one. set by ambitious powers in probably be asked to leave. Still were outnumbered by at least threo I say it.. Far paychologically brag vellous bat, club, or racket. There

The Middle Ages, the Age of

Веспило

boasting is the subject of ference between King Arthur's

"Excalibur**. doflance of treaty and pact and less fortunate political opponents protestations of peaceful inton- will possibly spend a good few Chivalry was also an Age of Brag a taboo, we have to be careful what tions. The fact that Germany of their days in prison. And on your helm as a perpetual chal- ing to the psychologist to study comb

willing to prove by force of arms round the convention on the reverse, in fact if there marched over a frontier and yet the German press has talked to all comers that you were of the devices we employ to get of there harmleis anconadas quite and For instance, the man who daim meritati in un bourlin Hony US that the exceeded in beauty took the risk of war, remoto as of un-democratic government in virtue the girl friend of any other ed to be a daring and skilful, motor up to give of our ber

~ (Continued: knight. And without any, provocalsts; and, war im "ddition"; "such", It may have been, leaves one Vienna 1-

You wore your lady's glove or scarf, we brag about, but it is very amus- "Calamity. A fund - B STANDA

There

is no' need