THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, MONDAY, MARCH 14, 1988.
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WHAT NEXT All Europe is Watching
in CENTRAL
EUROPE?
AUSTRIA'S New KEY MEN
EVENTS during the week-end have opened a new By F. W. Memory
chapter in the history of one of Europe's oldest and most complicated problems-the question of Austria.
The That country owes its importance to geography. Danube Valley is the main artery of travel or invasion from east to west in Europe, and across the head of it, where Austria lica, run the chief European communications from north to south.
Vienna stands at the greatest cross-roads of the whole con- tinent..
From the beginnings of history people have been streaming to and fro over Austrian territory.
The Romans marched down the Danube in one direction; 1,000 years later the Turks came murching up it in the other; caravans of mediaeval German traders from the north there met companies. of priests and scholars setting out from Italy.
With so much movement along
it,
and across the Valley of Danube
Hongkong Hotel the
gradually bc-
Stubbs Rd.
Garage
The
Tel, 27778-9.
Hongkong Telegraph.
MONDAY, MARCH 14, 1938.
DEFENCE OF DEMOCRACY
came
# very cosmopoli tan place. Slavs, Teutons, and Magyars live there not only in close proximity but mixed up cach with the others. Pre-war
Austria Hún -
POLAND
O WARSAN
LOVAKE
BIRLIN GERMANY
„OPRACIJE CZECHO
*BUDAPEST
AUSTRIA
HUNDAY
RUMANIA
BUCARESY
ITALY
BELGRADE
BULGARIA
JUGOSLAVIA
The trouble was the demand from across the frontier that he should be given the key posillon of Minis- ter of the Interior and Security, with control of the police, and the ingen!- TO-DAY all eyes are
ous solution of this problem brings turned towards into prominence another, figure-Dr. Vienna. They are focused O Michael Skubi, who was Director.of. Kurt von Schuschnigg, Austria's security in the old Government, en- 41-years-old Chancellor, and the joying the complete confidence of men he has called to the Council Schuschnigg and all the Fatherland. Chamber.
.. Front.
These are the men of the hour-
and of some of them the world knows The Police Chief
nothing,
IN TN the recent reshuffle Skubi
The one who will bear the brunt
became Under-Secretary to of everything is. Von Schuschnigg himself the man who looks like a Seyns-Inquart, who nominally con- country schoolmaster, but as a poli- trols the police, but it was Skubi who tician and patriot has few equals in was given the new office of Inspector--- Europe.
General of all police and gendarmerie forces. That means he not only He has been Chancellor, or, as we actually commands the police in should say. Prime Minister, ever Vienna but throughout Austria as since Dollfuss was assassinated in weli. 1034, and in the troubled years that have passed has stood solidly and stolidly for Austrian independence.
An Austrian First
It is an arrangement which appar- ently satisfica everyone and leaves the effective command of the police much "as you wero."
Michael Skubi is one of the "old men" of the new Cabinet, for he was born in 1877, and although described as a Civil Servant, has been a police- man all his career.
man
is. Dr.
PROFESSED Royalist, be A
has publicly stated that the happiest day of his life will be when the the Ilupsburga again occupy Throne of Austria, But that, is a
Next key
Gulda possibility which, as the result of the events of the last few days, hos Schmidt, to-day, at 37, the youngest receded into the dim future.
Foreign Minister in Europe, giving own Anthony Eden four years. Von Schuschnigg has always had He began his diplomatle career as an behind himn the Fotherland (or attache to the Austrian Legation in Patriotic) Front, but suggestion loyally of this powerful organisation has been shaken by the amnesty granted to those who took part in the 1834 putsch and the assassination
our
gary counted a dozen races and existence it has since led as an now comes from Vienna that the Paris in 1924. Ho is not a Nazi, but
as many tongues..
Until 20 years ago this political jigsaw puzzle had been under the sovereign authority first of the Holy Roman Empire and then of its successor, the Austro-Hungarian Em- pire.
Statesmen who looked into the had the Central
question European always made up their minds that it was too dangerous to touch. Harassed Area
veonomically
unbalanced Slate
of
2,000,000 Inhabitants, have aroused in Germany a strong desire to take this impoverished fragment of the Ger- man race into closer association.
That desire is shared by many people in Austria who see the prob- ability of better conditions for them- selves and their country as part of the reinvigorated German Reich,
Twice, indeed, has Austria publicly declared for such a union-by a plebiscite ut the end of 1918, and by an agreement concluded in 1931 to bollsh Customs dutles between the two countries. On both occasions. the former Allied Powers prevented
With the access of the National Socialists to power in Germany, under an Austrian-born Leader, the urge to join up the two countries, or at least to create between them the link of sympathetic and like-think- ing Governments, such as unites the British Commonwealth of Nations, has become stronger.
uf Dollfuss.
It is only during the last few days
he has distinct German leanings, and is one of the men whom Berlin insist- ed should be included in the Cabinet
not a
very dimeult beheat for Schuschnigg to concede, for the two have been friends since they were at
Jesuit college together.
Note he was the only Austrian to accompany the Austrian Chancellor to the fateful Interview at Berchtes- gaden last Saturday.
Loft, Dr. Von Seyss-Inquart
The official German press, Just before German troops in- vaded Austria, labelled Schuschnigg Government's plan for a national plebiscite as any- thing but democratic. It was. the press declared, no fair test
T the end of the Great War A boldes spirit prevailed, the of the opinion of the nation. Even Nazis, it was suggested. President Wilson had launched the would be forced to vote "yes" to magic slogan of "self-determination," and by a series of minor treaties, the Government's request for drafted by the "second strings" of an expression of approval, or the Peace Conference and signed in otherwise, of its policies. The various suburbs of Paris, the old Austro-Hungarian Empire was split German argument will not im-up into much-disputed racial frac
Above, Dr. press neutrals that the correc-
Two things have so far delayed the Michael. Skubl; Since then Central Europe has realisation of these aims--the failure
Dr. tive steps taken by Herr Hitler been a harassed area where
of the premature effort of the Aus-right. Irlan Nazis in July 1934 to achieve Cuido Schmidt. were exactly in accord with the redressed grievances, unsatisfied um-
them by force, and the reluctance of flourished exceedingly. accepted idea of democracy. Norbitions, and ancient enmities have
Everyone Italy, Germany's new ally, to see the that the nume of Dr. von Seyss
Influence of the German Inquart, the new Minister of the is it by any means proved by wants to remake the shattered jigsaw direct
puzzle in his own way.
Government extended right down to Interlor and Security, has been on everyone's lips. He sprang into the The isolation of the German care her own frontier, whose threshold is
known that on his appointment, the Austrian plebiscite would of the former heterogeneous Austro-uccupied by 200,000 Austro-Germans Berce limelight when it became
Tall ord #lender, with rather which carried with it control of the
uscetic fentures, Schmidt is by way have been the tragi-comedy Hungarian Empire, and the precarious, annexed against their will,
police, hung the fate of Austria,
of being a Beau Brummell. He they stigmatised it. Conditions
He is by no means a Nazl-a Pan- dresses elegantly, loves the life of the. BUT Germany still maintains German yes, but he is an Austrian Waltz City, and is never so happy as when at the Opera. Make no mistake, the purpose of amalgama- first. tlon, or at least a working agreement, In 1925 he founded the Austro- however, there is no keener brain in
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un-
had not reached the same state with the uneasy feeling that the in Austria three days ago that olive branch which has been
German-Speaking
they had when the Nazis came nourished by Berlin's ministers with Austria in the forefront of her German People's League, but it was Vienna.
Here, then, is the line-up of Austria's three new key men under Chancellor Schuschnigg:
Seyss-Inquart, nominee of Berlin.
Nazi organisations. expected perhaps to show favour to
Married to a beautiful woman of foreign programune. It has more not until last year that he became
Italian descent, Schmidt has two than a sentimental and economic a State Counsellor.
Earlier he came under the influence children and lives with his father- attraction for her.
of Dr. Dollfuss, and on the day that in-law. Partnership between Germany and the "Pocket Chancellor" was assas Austria would give the former Power sinated he had an appointment with an enveloping position with regard him which, if it had taken place, to Czecho-Slovakia, in whose north- might have brought Seyss-Inquart, western corner live 3,500,000 people now 46, into the political limelight of German blood and speech, restive long before this.
As it is, he has been working be- Neutralising him, the sage, poilce- under Czech rule.
hind the scenes, doing his utmost to man-cum-politician Skubl, who has "First bring Austria under our compose Austro-German differences, been fighting the Nazis for years, and wing; then demand autonomy for the Always has he had the confidence knows all their secrets or should do. Guido Schmidt, the only one of of Czecho- of Herr Schuschnigg, for he has made resolves are no secret of his conviction that the three with an untrammelled hand proud, very proud, to be an Austrian.
to power in Berlin. There was might wither overnight.
We shall not try to probe the unrest and discontent, to be
But they arose from ethics of the German seizure of Bure.
were by no Austria, for that is what it quarrels which
It is well-known means hopeless; and left to her amounts to. own devices there is every rea-that many millions of the Aus- son to believe that Austria trian people are Germans by would have solved them in time, blood and that they have claims | for Austrians are practical and of kinship which encourage the German minority well-balanced people, much like desire for the protection, politi-Slovakia"those two
written in bold characters upon the Austria should remain an independ-. but a friend of Schuschnigg, and the German themselves. What-cal and economic, which union agenda of the Nazi Government. ever the excuses, however Herr Hitler's action is explained or justified in Germany, the world brings to them. At the same which knows the meaning of time there is another vast num- democracy will not condone it.ber of persons, not Germans, desire for that Because there is a squabble in who have no
reason
the
with the powerful Fatherland
she treats. the
non-German
cast,
ent State,
BRAG-AND
WIN
that he could get
It is a pity that boastfulness is tion whatever you waxed cloquent llied engineer a neighbour's home that is no union; have even fought the
ever put into it, idea of "anschluss." How much regarded in this country as one on the subject of the lady's charms more miles an hour out of his cagine
A and your own skill in upholding than the makers of the unpardonable sins.
would be regarded by his fellow- by for interference
them.
men with the gravest distaste. So but friends or relatives if inter-mare will they detest the fact man may know he is good at
he,claims no credit for himse of government from Berlin! It something, he may prove it to IN A ROUNDABOUT WAY
sings the praises of his "old cession is not wanted,
To come to more recent years, the
He tells of amazing average speeds will be interesting, in view of his own satisfaction and that
of the world in general, but let bloods of the Regency period not
of vast numbers of miles to the While it is to be hoped that Germany's demands for
con-him be even suspected of putting only had an excellent opinion of over incredible distances. Ho chants' the crisis has been safely passed siderate treatment of German the thought into words, and Im-themselves, but had no hesitation in gallon. He speaks with bated breath. out-announcing it to the world at large, of the frequent occasions on which needle touches speedometer Even as lately as the middle of the the and that no new aggravating in- minorities elsewhere, to see how mediately he becomes an
Victorian era an Engilshman assumed eighty. And he is not a whit abash- cidents will be added to
In the good old days, before the with a delightful lock of humility ed when, doddling along at a steady pass him tension of Europe, the Austrian! "minority" in Austria, which, pen become mightier than the sword, that he was more than the equal of forty-five, we invariably
the man who did not brag of his own three men of any other nation on with ease.
and exirol his own earth. coup will not be readily forget-
prowess soon found himself despised What is more, he based all his GOOD 'SWORD EXCALIBUR ten, particularly by Germany's when it comes right down to it, achievements
Just as the knights of old had
with neighbour states. It has done is probably a large majority and neglected. The gallant knights actions on that assumption; and got
mogle properties Table were bragards to a man, Alt| Ask me what quality has made swords
down all nothing to alleviate the ever-but now a politically voiceless who sat at King Arthur's Round away with them.
were, People like the un- their fights by their own England what she is, and, without enabling them to hew
"I answer" "bragi" Ner opposition, so the modern sportsman present and recently growing one.
am 1 being cynical or Barcastle when gives most of the credit to some mar- stranger opponents, and usually they fear that boundaries will be up-fortunate Dr. Schuschnigg will account, against vastly bigger and hesitation,
not after all, so very much dif- le an excellent thing to one. set by ambitious powers in probably be asked to leave. Still were outnumbered by at least threo I say it.. Far paychologically brag vellous bat, club, or racket. There
The Middle Ages, the Age of
Веспило
boasting is the subject of ference between King Arthur's
"Excalibur**. doflance of treaty and pact and less fortunate political opponents protestations of peaceful inton- will possibly spend a good few Chivalry was also an Age of Brag a taboo, we have to be careful what tions. The fact that Germany of their days in prison. And on your helm as a perpetual chal- ing to the psychologist to study comb
willing to prove by force of arms round the convention on the reverse, in fact if there marched over a frontier and yet the German press has talked to all comers that you were of the devices we employ to get of there harmleis anconadas quite and For instance, the man who daim meritati in un bourlin Hony US that the exceeded in beauty took the risk of war, remoto as of un-democratic government in virtue the girl friend of any other ed to be a daring and skilful, motor up to give of our ber
~ (Continued: knight. And without any, provocalsts; and, war im "ddition"; "such", It may have been, leaves one Vienna 1-
You wore your lady's glove or scarf, we brag about, but it is very amus- "Calamity. A fund - B STANDA
There
is no' need