1938-02-09 — Page 10

10

M

THE

TELEGRAPH. HONGKONG

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1938.

Behind the Lines with FRANCO

Y four months in Spanish rebel terri- tory, spent near the battle fronts and in the towns belind, enable me to write with some Rccuracy on the organisation. ot the forces commanded by General Franco.

Altogether, there are about 500,000 men in the service of the rebels,

They include Italians, Ger- mans, some Frenchmen and a lew

well Britons, #15 Spaniards and Moors.

1.5

HARACTERISTIC of the ITALIANS is that they alone in Franco's army are not assimilated by the Spanish and other units,

They wear Italian uniforms and lave Italian equipment, arins sup- piles and sanitary services.

Not only are they independent In their command but the Italian #oldier himself does not come in any way under the control of the Spanish authorities,

This you will ace in the game railway carriage that Spanish in- spectors, In civilian dress, will ask even a Spanish capian for his paper to a whether he a rejoin- ing his corps in thear, but w!!! not

Dresden Breslau

[Kunin'

HUMAN

Prague

Writer of this article on Franco's army is F. G. Stork,

a Dutch journalist, who has been four months in Spanish rebel territory. The objectivity of his messages displeased Franco, who, without arresting him, had him escorted

to the frontier.

submit a private to any control if he belongs to the Italian troops.

This difference of treatment often creates discontent among the Spanfurds:

When they occupy a village, Italian troopa aubstitute Italian posters for Spanish, so that a new- comer might easily believe he is watching big Italian manœuvres, Halling stations in the Italian their zone are entirely under orders. Under the name of the stations

Comunan- one reads, dantin, Italiana," with the num-

and the ber of the division company.

As for the munition depots, the Hallans never leave them under the guard of Spanlards, because they do not trust them.

There is the same spirit in their aktion. While the German pilots are divided among the Spanish squadrons, the Italian aviation section consists entirely of Italian machines and plots.

Aerodromes where their machines are kept are exclusively under Italian command. From nearby villages, where officers.

POLAND

2000000C ESDANDO Stoveka. *

1500000, other Nationals, induding Austriant &

ECH

Vienna

AUSTRIA

SLOVAKI

150,000, HUNGARIAN

Budapest HUNGARY

Russia

>Rumania

Nazis Look East

by Dr. Gustav Winter.

(The People's Paris correspondent of "Pravo Lidu" Rights) dally paper of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Purty. Map shows German and Hungarian areas of

Czechoslovakia.

N the German Press we are told that the German

ol minority 3,250,000 in Czechoslovakia is ill-treated --ill-treated SO scandalously that only the complete internal reorganisation of the country, and the granting of autonomy to the German areas, can as-- sunge the wrath of the Third Reich.

That is the German Press. Here are the facts:

The Germans in Czechoslovakin

Ministers

the have three

in Cabinet. They have complete Their sup- equality of language, ply of schools is greater than their proportionate strength in the whole population,

The number of their Parliamen- tary Deputies corresponds exactly Germans proportionate to the numerical strength in the whole population.

And the Germans in Czecho- slovakia control a large number of their own newspapers.

+

Germany is not wrathful at the con- dition of the German minority in Southern Tyrol which is being Italian- laed with brutal violence.

Germany has recently signed with Poland an agreement for the mutua! protection of minorities which does not grant the derinan minority in Poland one-tenth of the rights which the Ger- mans in Czechoslovakia have always enjoyed.

Buch grievances as the German minority held justifiably-chiefly they concerned the extent to which Gor- mans wero employed in the Civil Service were dealt with by an agree- ment between the Government and the - German democratic parties inst Tobru.

ary.

The conclusion is obvious: the alleged grievances of the German minority in Czechoslovakia are only a pretext for . the Nazi's plans of expansion.

I am often asked in London or Faria how. Czechoslovakia puta up with tho Arc-cating threats of a "settling of accounts** uttered by the German Press

My reply is that I only wish Paris and London showed in this matter as muck Armness as la displayed by the Czechoslovak Government and

by

publio opinion in that country.

Bo far na any country can prepare itself against pasalble nilack. Özecho klovakia is prepared. Bui, after the experiences of Abyssinia and Spain, it

is obvious that a Czechmlovak war would rapidly develop into European struggle.

Even if the League of Nations agatta failed at collective action, France could Non-intervention" not keep out. -bere would be suleidai for her..

Russi And Soviet

knows wel! enough that by attacking Czechio- slovak territory Germany would be forcing way to the Ukraine.

be denied.

These are facts not Recent hlatury confirms each one of them. European peace was not men. aced, remember, by the Immediate past-war diiculties of Austria, Hun- gary, and the Little Entente States

*

That menace appeared only when Italy and Germany began to intervene In Centra} Europe--when. through totalitarian pressure, democratic in- stitutions

were under- everywhere mined.

And now, as the inst outpost of democracy in Central Europe, Czecho slovakia is the butt of Germany's main attack.

Inside the Republic there is Hen- Teln's Budetic German Party, which in outlook, methods and ananelal re sources is nothing but a branch of the National Socialist Party of Germany, Across tho German frontier e attacks on Czechoslovak democracy grow more violent.

But wo have remon for self- confidence. We know that the real public opinion th Rumania and Jugo- slavin is on the side of Czechoslovakia.

And here is something still more re- markable, During the negotiations started by Hungary with the Little Entente for the purpose of facilitating a general settlement, for the first time no reference has been made to frontier revisions.

Public opinion in Hungary is show- ing willingness to reach an agreement with Czechoslovakia. For Hungary, too, is beginning to feel the menace of German expansion.

Economic relations between the Cen- tml European countries are also Improving. In spite of all the efforia to transform them into appendages to Germany and Italy, tho Central European States are becoming con- solidated and recognising their mutual Interdependence.

moves Bre

Present diplomatic momentous for all Europe.

It Britain exerts its powerful infiu- ence to help forward this process of consolidation a vital advaner will be mnde towards peace in Europe--and British trade will gain a wide field of potential markela.

non-commissioned officers and mechanics are billeted, cara leave ench day at stated times taking everyone to work.

Normally they do not get up carly. Revellie 1. nt 7.a.m. From 8 a. the cam take auc-

cessively non commissioned

officers, ofcera and mechanics. They return at 12.15 to eat and

p.m.. night. duty.

મ

again, at 2, returning at G their day over. During the shifts undertake guard

How many Italians are there? I estimate about 120,000, divided Into four autonomous complete divisions, plus one division, "the Black Arrows." volunteers of the Italian Fascio, whose losses have been Alled by Spaniards, now making about 30 per cent. of the total.

S

ITUATION of the GER-

MANS is quite different. They have sent only technicians, teachers and pilots, who are Brattered throughout General Franco's army. One may BRY that no German troops have participated in the opera- tions, but their role in the army services is considerable,

All the wireless and transmis- slon systems are controlled by the Germans, Material and staff is almost wholly German. The same with the anti-aircraft and anti- tank defence which is entirely in their hands.

The Instruction of cadets, future officers in the Spanish rebel army.

given by German tutors. After two months training, they stage a march past, each sec- tion having at its head the Ger- man officer who has been its instructor.

How many Germans are there? Roughly, 20.000, scattered all over the country, even in the espionage and counter-espionage services.

Not only are there Germans and Italians Dghting for Rebel .A few ENGLISH-only a Spain. very smali number and about

2,000 FRENCH are also on Franco's olde.

Most of the Frenchmen-ex- Servicemen-are attached to the Foreign Legion or the Requettes (Carlist Monarchists).

The FOREIGN LEGION and the MOORS have formed the shock troops In the principal engage ments of the civil war.

The Legion has not more than men divided into banderras 15,000 of about 1000 men. These ban-

been derras, which have

put severely to the test. have had to be reformed four times and, even so, the recruiting cannot make up for the loss0:1.

The Legion has not more than 40 per cent. of volunteers, including foreigners, the rest being composed of Spaniards who prefer to join the Legion, where the pay is three pesetas a day, about 100, against one-halt peseta in the ordinary army.

T

HIS new situation has taken away from the Legion its character of a first-class corps, and the mili- tary instruction, which is very severe, produces a state of mind which makes the command con- sider the Foreign Legion un- rellable, some members even chow- ing sympathy for the Loyalists.

Moorish troops have always been the best fighters in the Army. But they have been thinned out.

It

is estimated that 70,000 have been killed, wounded or evacuated since

war

the War

Franco's of three kinds the REQUETTES, the PHALANGISTS (Fascists) and the regular ARMY.

SPANISII troops are

The two nrst are, in principle. composed of volunteers. This was true at the beginning of hostilities, but now, to make up their losses, young men who would normally be catled to the Army by conscription have been Incor- porated with them.

If they are townsmen, clerks or workmen, they become Phalang- ista. If they are peasants they Join the Requeltes.

R

EQUETTES number 50,000. In the first line are those over 18; in the second line the youth which 15 being prepared for war,

The Phalangists number 45,000, ten per cent. of them being volun- teers, the rest conscripts.

About 150,000 men of the regular

- Army complete the half-million troops on whom the Rebel Spanish authorities can rely.

BANKS

The P. & O. Banking| Corporation, Ltd.

(Incorporated in England, 1920).

Authorised Capital Subscribed and Pald-up Reserve Funda

£150,000

THE BANK OF EAST ASIA, LIMITED.

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$ 3,770,726,70

Authorised Capital Paid-up Capitat 75,000,000 | Reserve and Undivided. €2.501.160 Profita

HEAD OFFICE:-RONGKONG 10, Des Voeux Road, Central. BOARD OF DIRECTORS:- Sir Shouron Chow, Chaleman. 1. Koon Chun, Eng. Fung Ping Wah, Esq. 1. K. Kwok, Esq.,

Li Lan Sang, Esq. Wong Yun Tong, Esq. Wong Chu Son, Esq. Chan: Chung Shek, Esq. Käu Ying Pó, Esq. BAN TONO PO, Esq., Chief Nanacer.

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Agencies:-In all the principal towns of the world.

General Exchange and Banking busi e transacted. Lean and overdrafts granted on approved security. Current and Fixed Deposit necourts opened.

SAVINGS ACCOUNTS IN, LOCAL CUR- RENCY-Interest allowed at 2 per

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LI TSE FONO, Esq., Manager. BRANCHES AND AGENCIES:- Melbourne Shanghal

Singapore Sourabaya Swatow

Anoy Batavia #agasak!

Bombay New York

Calcutta

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i'eining

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Canton Haiphong ilankaw STERLING SAVINGS ACCOUNTS

Hopat Interest allowed at ratca which may be Kobie obtained on application.

Kowloon TRAVELLERS. LETTERS OF CREDIT, | London TRAVELLERS' CHEQUES AND PAS-Manila- SENGER LETTERS OF CREDIT (for tise Every description of Banking and Ex- on board, P. & C. and B. 1. Steamers and ut l'orts of Calls are, iskied at current rate of exchange and free at commission. AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVELLERS CHEQUES sold and eashed.

British Income Tax Recovered. Executorships and Trusteeships under-

A. H. HELL..

Manager.

taken.

Itongkong. Gth January, 1838,

Semarang

chaniki butiness transacted. Loans grant- ed on approved securities.

Current Accounts opened In Local Cur rehey and Fixed Deposits received for on year or shorter periods in Local ane Foreign Currencies en terins which will he quoted on application.

Safe Deposit Boxes To Let.

KAN TONG ro,

Manager

CANADIAN PACIFIC

SHIPS SHOTEL

RAILV YST

SAILING TO MANILA

EMPRESS OF CANADA

+

at 5 p.m., Feb. 12,

TO CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE

EMPRESS OF ASIA

EMPRESS OF CANADA

EMPRESS OF RUSSIA

.4.00 mm. Feb. 23. .7.00 a.m. Mar. 8. .7.00 a.m. Mar, 18,

Air-conditioned equipment carried on Trans-Continental Trains, Frequent Canadian Pacife Atlantie wailings from Montreal and Quebec, down the smooth St. Lawrenco Seawar, to Europe.

MAKE BOOKINGS FOR 1938 EARLY in order to ensure desirable accommodation.

Information and rates from

COUNT THE "TELEGRAPHS

EVERYWHERE ·

"

Union

Ca

Building

dian Pacific

AND THE Wwõeta

Telephone

20752

BANKS

HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION.

Authorised Capital

$50,000,000

famed and Fully Paid-Up.... $20,000,000 Reserva Funda:-

Sterling

2 0,500,000 Hongkong Currency Neserve $10,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietors $20,000,000 HEAD OFFICE:—HONGKONG. HOARD OF DIRECTONS:---

. Miskin, Esq.

Chairman,

Hon. tr. M. T. Johnson. Deputy Chairman,

J. K. Bousfeld, Esq. K. S.,Morrison, Esq. A. H. Compton, Esq. lion. Mr. J. J. Paterson B. H. Dadwell, Esq. T. E. Peirce, Esq. J. R. Makson, Eau, A. L. Sields, Esq.

Bir Vandeleur M, Grayburn. CHIEF MANAGEIL BRANCHES:—

AMOY

BANGKOK

HATAYIA HOMBAY CALCUTTA CANTON CHEFOO COLOMBO DAMEN FOOCHOW

HAIPONG HAMBURG HANKOW HLADIN HONGKEW

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LONDON

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MALACCA

MANILA

MUAR JOHORE) MURDEN

NEW YORK

PEIPING

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BAICON

SAN FRANCISCO

SHANGHAI

SINGAPORE

SQURABAYA

SUNGKIPATANI

TIENTSIN

TOKYO

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Current Accounts opened in Local Cur- relley and Fixed Deposits received far cho year or shorter periods in Local Currency and Sterling on terms which will be quoted on application.

ALSO up to dato SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES in various sizes TO LET.

Hongkong. 18th May, 1037.

HONGKONG SAYINGS BANK,

The Business of the above Dank in conducted by the Hongkong and Shang- hal Banking Corporation. Rutes may be obtained an application, FOR THE HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION.

V. M. GRAYBURN,

Chlef Manager. Bongkent, 10th May, 1937.

THE CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA, AUSTRALIA & CHINA.

Incorporated by Royal Charter 1853 HEAD OFFICE:~LONDON. 33 Bishopsgato, B.CZ, Paid-up Capital

********** £3,000,000 Heserve Llabilty of Proprietors £1,000,000 Ileserve Fund D3,000,000

MANCHESTER BRANCH:

Mosley SL. Manchester,

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Cawnpore Kuching

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(Bhuket)

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Foreign Exchange stryd General Bank- ing Lusiness transacted,

Current Accounts opened and Fixed Deposita received for one year or shorter periods at rates which will be quoted on application,

The Bank's Head Omee in London undertakes Executer & Trusted business. and claims recovery of British Income Tax overpaid, on terms which may be arcertamed at any of tis Agencies & Branches,

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Y.134,400,000

Capital (fully paid-up)... **Y.100,000,000 Reserve Fund

HEAD OFFICE:-YOKOHAMA. Branches and Agencies at Alexandria Honkong Itangoon

Bangkok Antavia Berlin

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SEADMEEZ, Hongkong. 11th September, 1937.

CONSIGNEES' NOTICE.

SERVICES CONTRACTUELS DES

MESSAGERIES MARITIMES.

The Steamship

"PRESIDENT DOUMER”

No. 5 A/30 Bringing Cargo from Marseilles via ports, etc., arrived Hongkong on Thursday, 3rd February, 1938.

Consignees are hereby informed that their goods with the exception of Opium, Treasure and Valuables are being landed and stored into the Godown of the Hongkong Kowloon Wharf and Godown Co. Ltd., Kow- loon, whence delivery may be ob- talted immediately after landing.

cd

All claims must be sent in to me

on or before 14th February, 1938, or they will not be recognized.

Damaged Packages will be examin

by the Company's Surveyor Messrs-Goddard and Douglas in the presence of the Consignees at 10.00 am on Wednesday 9th Feb- ruary, 1938.

Consiglices must have a Revenue Omeer in attendance when any duttable goods are examined by the Company's Surveyors,

No Fire Insurance will be effected by us in any case whatever.

MESSAGERIES MARITIMES CO. Hongkong, 3rd February, 1938.

THE MUY PRENOH REMEDY.

THERAPION NⱭ THERAPION NĚ.2 THERAPION NË:3

DR. LE CLEFSHAT, CA, ParippoMAHAWKLeskove DATUR BURSTYM PILLs for the Liver Beldraya-gran i åsidneys & kinddar.

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TITAN

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sails 18th Feb. for Havre, Liverpool & Bromborough. SERVICE

sails 10th Feb. for Boston, New York, Philadelphia & Baltimore via Capé of Good Hope. PACIFIC SERVICE (vin Dalren, Kobe. Nagoya

and Yokohama) TYNDAREUS salla 12th Feb. for Victoria, Vancouver and Seattle.

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ATREUS

Due 17 Feb. From U. K. via Straits, Due 22 Feb. From U. K. via Straits, Due 1 Mar. From U. K. via Straits. 3 Mar. From U. K. via Straits.

Duc

Special reduced fares are quoted for cargo steamers with

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for freight, passage rates and information apply to

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Fritts сая

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IT WAS

NOT ADVERTISED!

Manufacturers are always devising something new. An appliance, ' fabric, food, household utensil-and a thousand and one things, everyone of which has buyers somewhere. Every year-every month-many of these new lines meet with success

a few fall by the market wayside- unknown, unsold-UNADVERTISED.

There are probably a few merchants in Hongkong who look back on a lost agency and realise too late that IT WAS NOT ADVERTISED.

The newspaper offers the final and vital link in every sales organisation, DON'T BE AFRAID TO TAKE THE PUBLIC INTO YOUR CONFIDENCE, If you have the enterprise to stock a line--don't lot it rest upon your shelves waiting to be discovered by your customers.

A joint advertizing contract with the South China Morning Post and the Hongkong Telegraph will offectively sorvó your purpose,

Page 10Page 11

LINER

PRESIDENT

*SAILINGS

San FrancisCO & LOS ANGELES

Via Kobo and Yokohama

S.S. PRESIDENT COOLIDGE

Saturday, Mar. 5, 8.00 a.m.

SEATTLE AND VICTORIA

Via Kobo and Yokohama

S.S. PRESIDENT MCKINLEY.

Sails Monday, Feb. 14, Midnight.