1937-12-29 — Page 22

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SAILING TO MANILA

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TO CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 29,

BRITAIN'S RECORD AS

notice,

the

A COLONIAL POWER

History's Answer to the Land Grabbing' Legend

By J. HOLLAND ROSE

LES

Ttals time, when the value of grksplugat overseas trade; and

colonies is much canvassed, Charles II resolved to have his full the conquests of the British Navy Britain's pre-eminency as a posses- shore. Hence arose with the still except those which were proved to Bing Power Ig frequently under predominant

our trade security, Dutch sharp friction 12 essential to

Mauri always friendly, among which Was worst un the. Hudson Among them were the Cape, other nations. A feeling of expecta- liver and in West Africa. To both

and Gulana. At St. Helena tion exists

Napoleon remarked to Gen. Gour- that this country has of these Charles 11. sent few mud how stupid the English were something to give away in the cause | tons; the former capturing

Java of world peace and stability,

to the Dutch-he Amsterdam (New York), white the restore Professor S, Brodetsky, of the later brought

never have Wits would on a collision

done so. But University of Leeds, spoke lately of Franez. Her aid to the Dutch is always was to capture hos

"Inferiority complex", which has

the turned

struggle somewhat colonies in order to use them us become noticeable in regard to the against

a means of compelling the enemy to British Empires and nine political

us; but the peace of 1067 and, in fact, it has left us most of these colonial gains, those which in their hunds would

make

retaining pence,

only Apart from the Hudson expedition have been fatal to our commerce. schools and even among teachers the two chief Imperial gains of in this country

ntry to deprecate

Im-Charles II. resulted from his mar perialism and to adopt the attitude riage with Cathurise of Braganza, that the British Empire was amassed

namely, Bombay and Tangier. Boen- by a course of "land-grabbings,"

"In this short survey 1 can cite only a few outstanding facts of the real history of our possessions and the manner in which they fell into our hands, but study of them will serve to correct this misstatement.

ELEMENT OF ACCIDENT

Ff the rest.. it must suffice to say bay increased under British rule from that the full evidence of our rela- 10,000 to 80,000 inhabitants 1 10tion with China in 1840 reveals years sure proof that it brought that the war then waged was not prosperity to India. This encouraged due primarily to oplum. Moreover, the spread of other "factories" (trade) In kind after the Torties, Britain setticinents) in the East.

twice refused the offer

fer of sovereign- ly from the. Fijis before accepting 1 in 1874. In 1864

ceded we

TWELVE YEARS' WAR

Ever

1937.

OUR BRITISh crosswoRDS

117

120

ACROSS

4

1 Once he lived in #leather the Incket (13).

not

watch: kept by its owner waiting on the doorstep (7).

FIRST COLONIAL POWERS

After expelling James II. ånd ac- Ionian Islands to Greece. And in 10 Threadbare (7). First, our colonisation long loggedcepting William und Mary as ruters, 1805 tile Commons considered seri-11 A show of courage (7). behind that of the Portuguese, England had to face the ever-in-African posts. Other

ously withdrawing from our West 12 Precious stone (4). Spaniards, French and Dutch. The creasing power of Louis XIV. of our coyness over new colonies might

examples of 13. No, this Scottish Island does not Portuguese secured from the Pope France. Thanks to her navy and

produce machine-gus (5), true was Burke's 14 This 1434 the title to all lands dis- Dutch aid she baffled Louis efforis be cited. in

sort is obviously covered by them beyond Cape Boja- in the war of 1688-97, but retained conclusion (1757);

crue! (4). dor (N. W. Africa) to the East Indies, none of her colonial conquests. In

17 Old news (7). Next, in

18 This may describe the 1403, after Columbus the next war (1701-13) Louis con- discovered some of the West Indies. trolled nearly all Spain: and our

Alexander Pope

VI.

Minorca in awarded to Spain all lands of that and

1708. thereby West, while the eastern threatening the South of France and world remained to Portugal. This indirectly helping on Marlborough's

in Flanders. world-partition the two Iberiun na-campaigns

Both were tions somewhat modified, but con- retained at the Peace of Utrecht firmed by the Treaty of Tordesillas (1713) as guards of Levantine (1494). World story has since commerce. and we also recovered turned fargely on its undoing.

Nova Scotia aurl Required French

unknown

fa Spaniard Hear

| fleet conquered Gibraltar in 1704

our

In 1535 Curter, of St. Malo, dis- | pasis, in Newfoundland and Hudson's overed and galled up the St. Law-Bay and France's part of St. rence, thereby

lower Christopher. Canuda.

winning

for France. Other efforts Were these gains excessive after by French, Dutch and English ven-13 years of victorious war on land

urers long remained fruitless, some and sen? being fiercely innalled by the Spankards.

The next war, that of 1730-48.į was at bottom a trade war, but our Spanish hostility marred the sac- cumplete naval supremacy brought no colonial change. Further, ress of Raleigh's attempts in 1583-8 about to settle Virginia; and notizing came the return of the (conquered) Cap

of New Breton Island to France encouraged of the unnexation ither Albion by Drake in 1570 or of New-her to resume plans for regaining foundland

Scotla and "encireling" or Gilbert itt 1503, Nova Though Elizabeth's seamen opened | North American Colonies from near up the Pacifle and gained access to the Ohio River to the mouth of the the North-West Passage, yet Her Mississippi. enution rendered those exploits po- titieally null and void, even after our decisive defeats of the Spanish Navy in 1588 and 1598.

The

by

LOST OPPORTUNITIES

ol

only practical outcome Elizabethan successes was the foun- sation of our East India Company At the end of 1000. Well might chroniclers and thinkers, especially Hakluyt. Jament the tardiness English colonisation in those glori- years, when we defled and weakened the world power of Spain and helped the Dutch to throw off her yoke and break into her oceanic preserves. With admirable foresight

licy

occupied Mauritius In 1598, thus controlling the approach to the Enst Indies. Their occupation of the -Hudson—River—In—1010–11

the

"The settlement of our colonies was never pursued upon any regular. plan: but they were formed, grew and flourished as accidents, as the nature of the climate, or the dis- position of private men. happened to operate."

WAKE UP YOUR

LIVER BILE

Without Calomel-And You'll Jump Out of Bed Fail of Vim and Vigor. The liver should pour out two pints of liquid blie into your bowela daily. If this Bilto Janot flowing freels, your foodthean's digest. It Just decays in the bowels, Cias heats up your stomach. You get constipated. Your whole system in poisoned and you fael sour, sunk and the wid looks punk

Laxatives or only makeshifts. A' mere bowel movement doesn't get at the one, It Lakes those famous Carter's Lia Elver 2 towel the two pins of bile Cowing freely and makeras feel "upant up" an Jem, gralle, yet aanzing (u makine idé Blow freely. Look for the name Carter's Little Liver is an the red package. Refu nay- thing else.

Brass

METAL POLISH

These threats started the Seven Years' War (1756-03), which spremi to Europe and India. at first threatening us with ruin, yet slowly but surely (thanks mainly to our navy) turning to our advantage. As French policy had now necessitated great Powers from North Amerlen

expulsion of one or the other: and india, the outcome of the Pence of Paris was to deprive France of Canada and all but a few unfortifica posts in India. Yet the victor res- to her the conquered islands Martinique, Guadeloupe, Marie Ga- lante. St. Miquelon, and gave back to Spain

Lucia, St. Pierre

Cuba and

Manlia. Another result was the effort of France, plore the mighty South Sea for its Sole Agents: Imperial Chemical Industries

Spain and Britain to ex- presumed hidden continent. Thanks

tore

to Captain Cook and the good secret

promised then primacy in North, instructions of our Admiralty, the

America.

prize came to us-New Zenland, islands, together with the claim to and several Pac:fe Vancouver Island.

Moreover, the tame and land-East Australia lucked policy of James I, enabled the Dutch to gain supremacy at se When, in 1020, two English captains ventured to onnex that glorious position, Table Bay, the King an- nulled the net and thus made our new rivals masters of the sen route to the East.

Meanwhile English energy had, in IG07, successfully founded James- town, capital of Virginia, and in 1620 the Pilgrim Fathers peaceably occupied New Plymouth in Mossa- chusetts Bay,

|

BONAPARTE CHALLENGE

I omit the colossal losses of the Empire in the War of the American Revolution (1776-83). They threat- ened its ruin; but our industrial progress and the wise policy of the younger Pitt rehabilitated it by 1703, when there came the rupture with the French Republle, due chiefly to its effort to overbear the

Dutch Thus, the desire to extend our long State. The conflict became colonial

when, In stationary trade, and to assure the again

1708, Bonaparte religious liberty denied by James at seized Malla and Egypt, pour chas- home, founded our overseas Empire. ser les Anglais des Indies. Nelson's The internal troubles of the reign mighty blow al Aboukir thwarted of Charles 1. drove many English this intention, while France's ent- overseas and St. Christopher, Bar-spaw in India, the Raja of Mysore, bados, Nevis and Antigua were set-suffered a fatal defeat at Seringapu tied by private enterprise, the set-

settam. tlers returning to the first so soon The resumption of his Eastern

the Spanish feet which expelled plans by Bonaparte, when First! them had disappeared. Not until Consul of France, led to the rupture Cromwell gained authority did the Government press on colonisation,

BOMBAY AND TANGIER

fler curbing the oppressive mur.

war of 1652-4 (which brought us

of May, 1803 Fax passionately ac- cused the Pitt ministry of going to war over the bare inck of Malta. Actually Malta was the key to Egypt, which was the key to India.

In 1001

Telephone itime supremacy of the Dutch in the Addington's Government had, at the 20752 no new colonies) the Protector used Peade of Amlens, surrendered so

"SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST"

and

“THE HONgkong teLEGRAPH”

may be purchased

at the Business Offica

of "The Hongkong Telegraph" Morning Post Building.

Wyndham Strect.

his highly effetent Navy to nequire Jamaica from Spain and thus des troy her absolutism in the West In- dies. In truth, Cromwell was our WAZEE Best "imperialist" ruler.

Europe, now recovering from the Thirty Years War, was eagerly

much to Bonaparte as to encourage him to push on his former designs.

Again the wir became world- wide: and again at its end our Government was antished with res tricting France to the pre-war boun- daries, while restoring nearly ti

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19. The gall that comes cusily from 22 low the two parts of a seesaw

people under canvas. (Z).

vary, with strength (7). 24 A prominent feature of Europe

(4).

25- A little department is clever

-(5)

26 The girl to make, a meal the

wrong way N

20 Do they put learning

this school? (7).

30 "No icech" (anag) (7).

first al

31 The cruelty that was responsi....

ble for a ruff nt the card-table (13).

2 Praise (7).

DOWN

3 Pulled perhaps painted. {45.

4 Famous civil engineer (73.

& Golf club. (7).

4. Metal (4).

7 "Tearing" (auns!.) (7)..

8 In fighting skilled, it is beyond

dispute (13).

1224

[28]

20120

A little lady coming down is courteous in a way (13).

15 Bird that might make its own

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(3).

20 Slander (7).

21 The bird that would pul Socialists in power (7).

the

22 A claim to be in the journalistic world just to produce an effcel (7).

23 Puzzle (7).

27 This can be eaten if it is In

mud (4).

20 Furze (4).

Yesterday's Bolution ORTHOPAEDY

O MANURCHES |REBELSTIPE EFUSE

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UN OUTE LH

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