1937-11-01 — Page 6

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capacity to the Government in the present crisis, that a ma- tional movement should be undertaken with the object of severing diplomatic relations with Britain is distressing. The aim, it seerns, is to create a popular anglophobia, with what object remains to be seen.

Japan justifies her air bombing massacre of defenceless Chinese by claiming that her pilots aim at military objectives. A famous British air expert disproves this by showing that air bombing is

JUST HIT or MISS!

BY

AIR COMMODORE

L. E. O. CHARLTON

(Author of "War Over England" and formerly Chlef Staff Ofleer of the

RA.F. in fruq.)

THILE thousands of defence- less Chinese, civilians have been exterminated by a rain of death from the air, Japan assures the world that her pilots aim only at military targets.

As each day brought its new and dreadful toll of death dealing, few could continue to believe such a blatant falsehood as this.

Many people, ignorant of the technical facts. stall think that the boniber has it in his power, if his humanity and his military ouers permit him, to avoid hitting invoceat people and unessential objectives. They think that bomb- ing apparatus is of nuck necurry and dis crimination that isolated objec. tives can be picked out by the bomber in the same way that a marksman with his rifle acoICK a bull's-eye.

This is a tragic Illusion- every air expert knows it.

Here is an analogy to show you how horribly, devastatingly inaccurate bombing is, oven when the bomber han the honest intention to do every- thing he can to hit only military objects.

If buck-shot were fired from a twelve-bore shot-gun at a mark on a white-washed wall the re- sulting disfiguring spray and apatter of slot marks on the wall would be like a small-scale representation of what happens when an aeroplane bomb a particular object on the ground.

A

MODERN bonib- sighter on an acro- plane is a mathema- tical marvel, but that does not make it a miracle. Think of some of the problems a bomber has to deal with while he in swooping over the ground at perhaps, a speed of four miles a minute.

That bombor looks prolly big up thore, but travelling at 200 odd miles

an hour do you think he could "lay his eggs" just whore ho likes, flying thousands of foot high?

Ilon of a degree, from which IL in blowing.

Moreover, the mathematical equation which the bomber han to solve a further complicated by the fact that he in moving. Every moment of time adds a new factor to the problem he has to solve, and hun lo bo taken Into account as part of the equation.

At his chosen moment the bombing pilot releases a borat from the rack, But the bomb does not fall sheer like a plumb- line; it starts its downward course with the initial velocity of the aircraft it has just left -perhaps 350 feet a second; it gradually assumes a curve, and then falls straight.

the

point of attack. For all practicni purposes, it is, therefore, hit or miss-and a carnnge of destruc tion somewhere other than the point almind at.

But there is another kind of air nblack to which what I have sold above does not apply. This is point-blank bombing from very low down.

OMBING of this nort

Bis perhaps the most of

all to be feared. Why? Fecause neither anti-aircraft Kun-sights

searchlight beams CAR

adjusted to fasten on an object which is whisking through the air, just overhead, at a speed of 240 miles an hour.

.

The natural enemies of the bomber are the anti-aircraft gun and the interceptor-Aghter aircraft. The former attacks from the ground, the latter from the air. Of the LWO,

the Interceptor.

ably impossible. It is against this low-flying strategy that the balloon barrage is designed to provide an impassable obstacle.

There are those, however, who claim that the lending aeroplane of an enemy forma- tion can breach" the barrage by the simple method of charging a selected balloon in mid-air, the crew descending.by parachute to surrender them- selven na prisoners of war, while the rest of the formation filer on through...

The modern anti-aircraft gun la highly efficient, and by means of marvellous range- Anding apparatus can locate its target in the twinkling of an cyo. Unfortunately the shell which follows takes an appreel- able time to reach a high alti- tude-as much, for example, as 20 seconds to reach a height of 18,000 feet.

TF the bomber under attack pursued " "straight course anti- aircraft gunnery would bo greatly assisted. But, what bomber would continue to fly

Because of all this. bomber must release his bomb. before his machine is directly above the object required to hit. And therefore the slightest error in calculating the course ---The war pilot hus to calculate--of-the-bomb-will-result-in-hit-----greater-rellance is placed upon-straight knowing he was under............

else. ting something

It is humanly impossible for the bomber to calculate with exact accuracy his time, distance and

his exact height and speed. He has to take into account the wind velocity and the exact point of the compass, to a frac-

BITS

HAVE a passion for bits of string.

OF

Combat between bomber and. an, interceptor aeroplane so close to the ground is unthink-

STRING

Are?

If the attacking seroplane, deviates a fraction out of its course, the gunner's calcula- tions are completely ruined and hopelessly inaccurate. His shell will go wide. Even in the 20 seconds that the shell takes to reach the necessary altitude, the bomber can fly more than a mulei

The art of interception, especially at night, is one of in- finite difficulty.

If a bombing formation were reported to be approaching at the ceiling altitude of, say, 21,000 feet, it would, necessarily, be at least 15 minutes before the interceptors could be in a. position to attack.

During that time the bombers could have advanced nearly 60 miles towards their unknown destination.

There is one very reasonable explanation for this rather sur- prising development. The Japan- ese Government must recognise thut to continue a campaign on the Asiatic continent of the magnitude of that now in pro- gress, it is essential to have the unquestioned loyalty and sup- port of every subject of the realm. And not only loyalty for there is no question of the almost fanatical zeal of the Japanese people in fighting battles, commercial or political, for their Emperor-but the con- viction of the public mind that the Government's cause is just and its methods necessary, is requisite. To preach hatred of the Chinese, 'to fan that hatred to red-hot enthusiasm for con-

are treasure trove. As a matter of quest, would be too contradic-i

I do not know when it first grip-definitely a bit. Thick string, thin fact they are not so useless as one tory a policy entirely when it is ped me; I have, so for us I know, al-string, weak string-ull are grist to might think; there is nothing better avowed of the Japanese leaders ways had it, and I suppose I shall my mill; though I have, if anything. for stringing beads than a piece of that they wish only to punish always have it, for it seems to be in-a predilection for that strong, hairy silk E-string while the strength of

curable Curiously enough, balls of string that is used for heavy parcels even a worn D-string is incredible China for alleged affronts and string leave me quite unmoved. The and is really a kind of juvenile rope it would jether an ox. Once upon a indignities offered to Japan and evidently shies at quantity; but it is other end of the scale, too, there is n with a broken magneto-chain tied in- something in me that desires string rather than string proper. At the time t rode a motor-cycle three miles, that the ultimate object of the the little odds and ends that I covet fascinating kind of links

between gether with D-string. war against Nanking is the not, as it were, string per se, but thread and string very thin, pure pacifying of the country, check-simply bits of string.

I like tarry string, too, such as sal- white, and wonderfully strong. In ing of the influence of Bol- kind of string will do, so long as it is for une generally acquires it in ex-

My tastes, however, are wide. Any practice, it is not really very useful, practical use, but it has a divine lors use. It again is not of much

shevism and the making of

smell a fragrance that suggests the tremely short pieces, and it is difficult sea, buccaneers, doubloons, and Cap- friends of its people. Moreover effort at mediation and settle-dainuness, nevertheless.

to untle but it has un alluring tain Kidd. It is rather a rarity, for there is no good reason for the ment of the Far East hostilitics I never well hardly ever-cut the finds it, of course, on board ship, but Enllors so sckdom send parcels, Оле Japaneso to hate the Chinese. There is certainly no reason for sult, or a move directed against day another string addict stayed my for if one goes round snipping off as an act of arrogance and in-string of a parcel. I used to, but one it is diffeult of acquisition even then, Japan to fear them at present the Japanese, is us obviously "Never cut a bit of string, lad; ye

knife with the warning But hatred and fear of

words: tie blis here and there it is likely to piiracl notice and even cause ad- unreasonable as it is unjust.Inover Britain are more logical in such Denial of the right, yes, and the break."

your gallowses'll verso comment.

So, you see, there seems to be nation. If the public can be duty, of Governments signatory Disaster has not so far overcome me

no escape from the oft-repeated I have taken the advice to heart.

conclusion that the bombers assisting China in her battle of the. Nine-Power-Treaty to perhaps this Is the reward of my

There is an artistic value in bits of will usually got through, and resistance, there is no doubt attempt to mediate, particularly i

their string ns well as a merely utilitarion having got through, one: Apart from the fact that string | bombs will fall on non-com- what the reaction will be. If in the case of an undeclared war

is pleasant to look at, one can do ali batants and combatants indis-. the Japanese people are told such as this in China, is surely

with it. The old game sorts of Interesting, it useless, things that Britain has over-stepped to deny the principles under-

criminately. the bounds which constitute lying the undertaking which ing habit. I always carry a bit of cradle is intricate and fascinating: That is why it is so devoutly neutrality--though how

Japan, like, Britain, neu-

aigned string. The mentor above mention- and I am rather proud of the fact to be wished that the harrow- trality could be violated when hat undertaking makes arbi-carry a bit of string, a knife, and a with string,. I can also make a very bombardment will have the ed, who had great wisdom, said, "Aye that I can make a most lifellite horse ing spectacle of China under air there has been no declaration of tration compulsory before force shilling," and 1 pass on the advice as wriggly caterpillar, and I know a war it will take a subtle mind is employed.,

who can make an excellent effect of making all nations

and a Japan's case, against Britain generally too long or too short for to explain the effect would be

He pause in their preparations for To be quite truthful, the bits are snac

15 with

warfare from the air. obvious. If, in addition, It is la a thin one, But there is what I want, or if the length is right. there is one thing I cannot do. polated out to the Japaneso | material there which, if pre-they are of the wrong sort.

I always paze with admiration on the people that the British public, scnted in certain lights, can be. In common with the rest of man- shopkeepers who tie up parcels with particularly the Labour element, cnlculated to disturb, even to kind. I seldom discover this until I thick string, and then, scorning steel, pull, is demanding a boycott of Japan alarm, a people. There is no have reached the critical polat when Twiddle their fingers a little

must not leave go of what I am go- wh

when snick the string parts almost; and thus threatening the pros- more fertile fled than in fear to ing to Lle; and someone has to go and magically. I cannot break string like perity of the country and the sow the seeds of hatred. The feich the string-bug, for no one ex-

I I have tried, but I merely hurt, carning power of the people, crop will spring surely enough. ht bit of string.

cept oneself can ever choose the my fingera. one can be tolerably certain of Whether it will ever be reaped

Some day, though, I am going to the animosity which will result.is problematical, but it is enfo bits of string. Although I am no baker's, and I shall worm the secret tice, I can snick a ship's hawser, I'

I do not despite even the shortest begin a flirtation with the girl In the There is no question as to to say that it were wiser to let Kreisler, I sometimes play a violin, out of her, for she does it beautifully. shall go on the stage and make my Britain's part in the organlan-such harvest wilt and perish and as violin strings are not immortal And then I shall go round and twid- fortune; and then, like the princes in tion of the Brussels conference. than to put the reaper to work periodically become the proud pos- dle my fingers at all the bits of string the fairy tales. I shall live happy-

seasor of blla of violin afting from I can find, until I have snicked them ever after. But for Jupan to construe this with any thought of gain.

four inches in length upwards. These all; and when, after years of prac-

convinced that Britain has been

ken when

}

As a natural corollary of my unty

Round and excellent.

A

of cat's-

ring.

M

́OREOVER, by altering their course, they "could have completely nonplussed the defence organ-

isation.

To-day's Thought ALL our knowledge. merely helps to die a more painful deathi than the animals that know nothing.

-MAETERLINCK.

Wm. Cuthbert Itabb