1936-08-25 — Page 18

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, TUESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1936.

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The

Hongkong Telegraph.

TUESDAY, AUG. 25, 1936.

A FINE FEAT

Pride of place for east to west crossing of the Atlantic now goes to "Britain as a result of the magnificent

of voyage

the Cunard-White Star liner, Queen Mary, from Cherbourg to New York. The mammoth liner has accomplished the trip with over four hours to spare, when con trasted with the record of four Įdays, eleven hours, and forty- two minutes, set up last year by the Normandie on her muiden voyage from Southampton to

cord of the Atlantic. Consider to-day the story of

fu 1837, of 180 steerage passengers in the emigrant ship Diamond, seventeen died of starvation during the 100 days' royage from "Britain to Anterica.

first-class

For twenty-fire passengers, in an early nine- trenth century Transatlantic sailing ship, there was one or perhaps two neyro stewards.

As late as 1853, there were 400 deaths from cholera in one sailing packet crossing to New York, so terrible was the toll of disease at seu through in- sanitary conditions.

In the emigrant ships of the 'fifties, the passengers had to provision themselves, Passen- gers were known to run out of food and starve to death do ing a delayed passage.

THOSE are the condi-

tions from which we have progressed in ship- ping within the lifetime of imen still living..

Between those rough times and

to-day-only one long lifetime-

STE

the world has seen its whole life The Great Eastern, built in 1857, was perhaps the most terrific

transformed by the new steam-

ships that replaced those stinking.

disease-ridden hell-luxes.

WHO

conception the sea has ever seen.

new method of propulsion

at the nation's sen supre- was

The story of the daring men te built, ran, and navigated the ships is on epic, and very attempt

new

largely a British eple.

First Packet

macy,

In 1833. They did it.

But in 1885 the great battle wor lost at last. For the first time in -history there were in that year more

steamships than sailing ships.

The Great Eastern, built in 1857, perhaps the most terrifle con- ception the sea has ever seen.

At a time when the 'largest ships were still of approximately sailing- ship dimensions, Brunel, her daring

The year 1884 saw a new develop- crists cmigrant ment. The

Breat

came to o head.

For years before the vast emi- grant traffic had been the mainstay of the Atlantic ferry.

It had been one of the "great events of world history." Between 1820 and 1020 38,000,000 people, or almost as many as there are in the whole British Isles, upped and left their homes in Russin, Italy, Greece, and Bohemia and where-you-will, crossed the seas to the New World.

. *

In the history of the world there have been many great treks-the Huns, the Israelitics, the Tartars- but this one of our own wonderful, days was the greatest in all history. Whole lines grew up to meet the trame, fortunes were made out of

it.

The very design af ships was In- fluenced by the Traffle.

*

*

WELL, all the time Britain ad been

The predominant carrier of this vast movement, but the Germans, their merchant shipping growing ever big- ger since 1870, looked on with envy, and became more and more anxious

to "muscle in" on it.

In

1804 Germany Britain's control of the emigration traille. 1

attacked European

A great pruportion of the Central European emigrants shipped from German ports.

Had A Bad Time

who once got in the Emigrants

If ther

The first important date is 1802. In the face of the world's in- designer, projected a ship that was grip of the German lines in the con- In that year the first plencers put credulity the first steamship, rely to be 680ft, long (the Queen Mary trol station had a bad time. the Brst successful steamship, the ing entirely on its engines, crossed being 1,018ft. long). wooden Charlotte Dundas, on the the Atlanile. Forth

had a British steamer ticket it was

it and Clyde Canal, where reached a speed of 34 m.p.h.

L

爵

*

髅

Government

She was so large, so far in ad- taken away from them, or they were was the Royal William,

vance of her time, that it was not frightened with threats that paddle-boat of 830 tons, and

1900 that a larger ship was would be sent back home. Lati in nineteen bullt. crossed from Canada

They were only too glad to go in German ships. the bully- days,

But that was not the most terrife whatever

ing offeints directed them to. part of Brunel's conception.

they

*

Then 1813. In that year they had the first steam packet on the

British 1838. The Thames, despite a fierce fight will awoke, Disregarding the admirals, the watermen.

there were

The Dritish shipowners protested

In vain, and we lost much of the

it realised at last that the existing The Great Eastern was to go to trade. Then

the came

1830's. They service of "coin brigs" (named Australin. Naturally begun to dream of sending a steamer us in sardonic reference to their no coaling stations en route In those across the Atlantic. The experts habit of foundering) was not the days, said

no ship would ever be built best that could carry enough coal for the mails. journey.

The alling-ship captains hated the whole idea.

One of them used to pipe "All

Vital Years

It then offered to subaldise a mail- carrying steamship line across the Atlantic.

10

+

It is said that the Germans would have offered us the biggest sea fight

British-German THE

shipping battle went load the Brunel planned possible method of carrying

on all through the early years of Great Eastern with enough coal the twentieth century. Faster and 115,000 tons) to enable her too faster steamers. Finer nets to catch all the way to Australla 'without

the emigrants. опсе stopping to recoal. Even now ships coal three or four times hands" whenever # steamship

an the journey. passed, and made his men "kneel The contract was secured by a The wonder ship was built broad- of all after 1914 if the war had not

Intervened. on the deck and thank the Al Canadian, who submitted his plans side on (the only way there was

The end of the great unpre- mighty they used Ills wind and to the British Government and room to build her) on the Thames.

cedented 30,000,000 European trek not the devil's fire and brim dished all the British owners. It #tone."

1%ና 20 Quaker named Samuel The admirals at the Admiralty, Cunard. a merchant, bf Halifax,

Co., Ltd. New York. Although in order the salt-tang of Trafalgar Bay yet Nova Scotia.

Chater Road.

LINCOLN BENNETT

·HATS·

25%

DISCOUNT

Men's Wear Dept.

to secure the blue riband, the Queen Mary has to improve on the Normandie's west-to-east crossing, (when an average of 3031 knots was attained, com- pared with 30.01 knots now

in

their nostrils...somcliow_saw..In..

"The sailing ships fought back: the speed of the clippers astonished, the steamer adva-

cates."

made by the Queen Mary) the NOTES OF THE DAY

record for the opposite route now goes to

Went Bankrupt Everything went excellently well until they tried to launch her. She wou'd not move.

came

with the United States Im- migration ban in 1810.

Its end was a rather expensive business for British shipping.

Before-the-bar-went-up British.

Ilnes had contracted 11

1840. Cunurd's first four wooden For three months they tried to steamship steamships were built on the Clyde, budge her, and when at last power- advance to ship a large number of and the Arst one, the Britannia. ful machines had pushed her Into emigrants to America.

The legal position appeared to be salled to Boston, with Cunard him- the water it had only been at an

that the companies were bound to self on

days. extra cost of £80,000. board, in fourteen Cunard received 1,500 dinner invl

emigrants from the There her tragedy began. Her maintain the emigr tations in Boston.

owners went bankrupt over the red date of sailing und! the day. might be years later when the Then the 1840's vital years. £00,000. Instead of going on the

journey, in

United States would let them filler Two nations began to emerge, as wonderful

through the small quota, great steamship owners

The companies were actually com- world-Britain

the

We are glad to say there has the hoen no hectic reaction to stopping of the British steamer by

the

the

United States.

When 'forties,

Cunard

and

even

We

ne more than

They

•

and

.

An fron ship lasted longer, A

Australian

advertisements.

A

A German

FTER the

Anglo- emigrant

the coming of the turbine.

of which she would have undoubtedly Britain after a

the performed to Britain's everlasting

honour. she was sold into the al-pelled to buy a strip of land near

which Southampton,

they named Japse of twenty-five years, the

began die ready overcrowded Atlantic route.

Ja

Atlantic Park, and keep the em1- up to best British time hitherto be

1000, She ran without distinction for

Idleness-together there in grants in Spanish cruiser. Some reports America had

than about five years, and then she was with any children born to them. more ships ing that. set up by the Maure-made the most of this story that Britain.

for £23,000-one-thirtieth of sold

The last emigrant, in fact, did not tania in 1909 on her trip from the British warships, which sped

could build them cheaper the original cost.

leave Atlantie Park until a few years She was used as a cable ship, ago. Queenstown to New York. The to the rescue of the arrested vessel. there because they had inexhausti

ut last came down to a final German liner Bremen, on her were clemed for action; but that, ble primeval forests to draw on In

obviously, was

a ships

had remained of wood, re- Ignominy-being towed round the

America would possibly British const as a cheap-jack nauti- maiden trip from Cherbourg to matter of routine. There will be member,

emerged into the twentieth cal fair attraction, plastered with fight, the next exciting thing, was New York in 1929, crossed in no shots fired by any Britishuve

man-o'-war. take it, unless century as the mistress of the seas. four days, seventeen hours; and British nationals and property are

Turbine Comes Britain

Great Ол

attacked.

FTER the The deliberately

In the forties and 'Afties there forty-tivo minutes.

Eastern came one of In 1897 the turbine came into the- same route, the Bremen's sister does not want to take sides in the was a dramatic turn of fate.

Spanish imbroglio. If she were Ships begun to be made of iron the most wonderful perioda in ship- shipping world to work as great a ship, the Europa, went one bet-locking for an excuse it would not (and later steel).

ping history.

change as the propeller. And its ter in the following year

In the '60's, 70's, and 80's the history is interesting. by be hard to find. But the fact that wooden ship, for instance, ·could

There were turbines in ancient knocking about an hour off the she Has declared for neutrality only make four, or at most six, sailing ships fought back.

Stimulated by steamship compe- Egynt being used by the priests to. that she has accepted the apology | trips to India before she was worn recard. whilst

an open one of their ponderous temple int 1933

theof the Spanish captain who stop-out.

tition, salling vessels reached Now no Europa beat her own time by ped the British ship, that

in irun and steel making incredible height of efficiency, and doors, but in theit present form they were invented by the Hon..C, S. Parsons. when they seemed to gain making the voyage in four days, further action is contemplated, Britain was for aliead of the Ameri- there were at least two distinct re-

The greybeards of the Admiralty forged ahead.

did not look with favour on the sixteen hours, and forty-eighties not mean that His Majesty's cans and so her shipping gradually vivald

Government will suffer the moles-

But they were still only paddle- Wonderful clipper ships were de-

turbine, so Parrone devised a daring minutes: "The Normandie'station of its ships upon the high wheel ships until from a paltry signed in british and American achievement wns

ALIA drastic netion, in future. London tion that was to have its repercus for smuggling opium from Chin Jubilee, with its great Naval Re-

even duck pond there sprang an inven- yards. The clippers were first used plan for publicity.

It was the year of the Diamond hours better than the Europa's, has accepted the explanation that slous over every mile of the seven in such ships, probably, De Quin and now the Queen Mary has the arrest of a British ship on the seas.

cey's oplum came-but afterwards View at Spithead.

Parsons went to the review in his went into the tea and wool set a new standard. As à mat-high seas may have arisen through.

duck pond was at Hendon, they

tile yachi Turginin, which was run Middlesex. Its owner. Farmer trades.

by a turbine. ter of historic interest, it may confusion and since there was no

Astonished be recalled that the Britannia, damage done and no blood spilt Frank Smath. the first Cunard liner, took four-the matter can be forgotten-un- teen days and eight hours to less, of course, such things occur

again......... make the trip from Liverpool to New York; this was as far back

Home

five

without determined,

The

of toy

with

#

M

hard. Here are some

Mile

Against all regulations the daring Parsons mixed himself up with the review. He made rings round the fastest battleships there at a speed of 34% knots.

As a result the Admiralty slm- ply had to take notice, and almost immediately the turbine was re- cognised 1 revolutionising ship engineering.

Duck Pond Test

The speed of the clippers aslo nished the steamer advocates. Smith splashed round the elge

ils pond with

In 1854 the clipper Lighting did a clockwork that had corkscrew-like 430 nautical miles in the greatest day's projection at the back. The cork- sailing a sailing ship ever, know. as 1840. When this figure is attempt on the record; and after

Innd acrew drove the boat fust as if it The speed, equivalent to a compared with this Queen Mary's her overhaul it was felt that,

speed of nearly 21 m.p.h., was fas- were a paddle-wheel. time, some idea can be gained of when fully extended, she would Smith, satisfied so far, left his fer than many passenger steamers

to-day.

With the invention of the turbine the immense strides made in the have no difficulty in accomplish pond and experimented on a canil

the steamship may perhaps be said six-ton bont which also went, interim. It was all along felt fing the task. That she has now and with Smith as midwife there

THE sailing ships died to have attained its majority. It was a stripling no longer, but a vigorous that the Queen Mary was cap-done so well is a matter for pride was born thus the age of the pro-

man. facts to show ft. able of setting up a new high to Britons everywhere. Above peller-driven ship.

While Smith dabbled with screws

The changes it had brought to the mark for the Atlantic crossing. all, it is a striking testimony to

Until the Suez Canal was opened world were inconceivable. and Cunard bridged the. Atlantic in 1800 the fastest passages. to Between 1850 and 1880, the grow- « Despite untoward weather, she the skill of British engineers and other men were setting the noses China had been made by salling ing years of the steamship age. had previously come near to workmen, who have once again of little paddle steamers Eastwards, ships.

Britain's trade Increased four times. Communications to the East were beating the Normandie's record, proved that in shipbuilding Bri-

As late as 1880 there were still over. In one decade, 1850-60, the Incredibly bad.

6,870 sailing ships and only a miser irado of the whole world grew near- even though her qwners budinin is able to more than hold

able 447 steamers.

ly half as much as it had grown in. disclaimed any intention of re-her own. I now remains for

In the year 1880, though you may de previous half-century. THEN, in 1859, there have some difficulty in beleving it, burst into the let the Admiralty obtained from Cunard policy was evidently one absolute supremacy by making surely, inefficient service to the East Parliament a sum of £1,000,000 to of allowing the glant ner to the fastest lime on the west-to-the Great Eastern, or, rather, she buy timber to build two and three- run herself in before making any least run.

decker men of wär-a. Ja - Trafalgar,

LANE, CRAWFORD, LTD. turing the blue riband. The the Queen Mary to achieve

•

was intended so to do.”

C. A. LYON