THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, MONDAY, JUNE 15, 1936.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
Mra, Kwok Siu Lou and family beg to thank their many friends for their messages of condolence in their recent bereavement, and for their kind presence at the funeral.
The
Thongkong Telegraph.
MONDAY, JUNE 15, 1930,
These foolish things-Fox, Trot
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England. These reveal that com- mittals for drunkenness fell The Ballyhooligans. from 64,452 in 1910 to 6,838 in The Ballyhooligans. 1934; the annual prison recep- The Ballyhooligans.tions declined from 186,398 to The Ballyhooligans. 56,425, while during the same
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period the daily average prison population fell from 20,826 to 12,238. These remarkable de- creases have enabled the authori- ties to reduce local gaols from fifty-six to twenty-six. Although great-improvements had been effected in the treatment of criminals
I
WHO SHALL ANSWER
Tis eighteen months since Wal-Wal, n tiny collection of mud huts near an East
·African well, sprang over-. night into world inme.
How many people thought when, In December, 1035, they rend news- paper reports of an in- cident between Italian Colonial troops and the Abyssinian escort of an Anglo-Abyssinian lan d commission, that thin Incident would cause the greatest crisis since the . Great War?
Fow can have thought that: Wni-Wal would bring about the fall of a British and French Foreign Minister, that it would
clections Bway
and have profound re- percussions on the whole on of European
Few could have suspected that. 11ko Sarajevo, it would give birth to a tragic history of blood and agony, to a long story of political treachery, fatal vacilla- tion and broken pledges,
For, apart from the deplorable suffermes that Italy's "civilsing mission has brought to Abyssinia, the most dis- turbing feature of the Italo-Abysshhian conflict has been the wholesale scrapping of solemu treaty obligacions.
*
TALY began il
course, by her flagrant breach of the Covenant. League members, by fall- the to apply ing Covenant, followed suit.
Then Germany. and
trenty
next Austria, trallsing that nothing very much anyway 10 happens
set breakers, about repudiating Ver- sales and St. Germain. And Italy committed the greatest of all modern crimes by tearing up the Polson Gas Conven tion.
He pia his trust in the League of Nations.
We may well ask our- Abysalnin sclves what thinks of European civilisation when she sees it presented to her on one side in the form of tanks, poison gas and liquid fire, and on the other in the form of a long series of broken promises.
Apart from the initiat blame that
les
on Italy, there is a secondary and only slightly less important blame that rests on the two Nations, who, when it suits them, proudly boast of their in- Auence at Geneva.
Had Billain and France neted firmly and immediately in concert, at Geneva, Abyssinin would have been saved, the League's prestige would never have stood higher, and the intest crisis, the re-occu- pation of the Rhineland, would almost certainly
have.
bren
"avoided:
Both countries must now be realising the full bitterness of re- gret. Yet one of them at least still does not seem to appreciate that a strong League, and only a strong League, will save the world from chaos.
Let us look back on the history
THE
And now...
of tragie Abyssiula's appeal to the greatest of all international tri- bunuls, the League of Nations. We shall see a depressing picture of shattered hopes and bitter disillu- slonment.
One thing stands out from that picture. The dignity, and the stark courage displayed by Abys sinin have been a lesson to 50- called civilɛed States.
*
WHAT happened when.
to
cercising her rights as League momber, Abyssinin asked the League Council consider the Wal-Wal incident situation to R as giving rise
kely to lead to a breach of peace- ful international relations?
Although the world knew that there was no basis for italy's claim that Wal-Wai was in Italian terri- Lory, although British officers had furnished the Foreign Once with evidence of the Italian aggression, the British Government at once. sought to keep the affair away
BANK
OF
for this CRIME?
by Bernard -MOORE
from Geneva. Cowed by. Italian threats of with- drawal from the League if the question were even British discussed, the Government was instru- mental in arranging a shameful compromise under which, in the hope that direct -negotiations would lend to a settle- 'ment out of court; the question was removed from the agenda of the January Council meet- Ing. That there was no hope of any settlement - was clear from Italy's
feverish war prepara tions.
While the British and French Governments were leaning back in an ccstasy of self-congratu-. lation at having ayolded a nasty altuation, they were, in reality, plting up endless trouble for them- selvca. France, tied by a secret agreement be- tween Laval and Musso- lini, did not then have to start her sabotaging work, Britain was doing it for her.
LY quibbles in the law were discovered to show exactly why the Suez Canal could not be closed.
Every form of preventive Banc- tions was skilfully avoided. Time after time both Governments tried to keep the dispute away from the Council, and patch up the quarrel outside the Lengue. But Mussolini was out for his pound of flesh. Soon it became a question, not of "Will there be a war?" but "When will the Abyssinian climate make war possible?"
the By
time that moment arrived,, in September, the British Government had realised that it had backed the wrong horen. Faced with a General Election and a growing public resentment at the bunging of the Italian situation, the Government was forced to change its pulley. As a result, the Council and the Assembly solemnly declared that Italy had committed 'an act of aggression in defiance of
the League Covenant.
Then, one would have thought, the members of the League would at once have voted Sanctions, real Sanctions, and closed the Suez
HEALTH
at the bank of commerce he is at infancy the body has low powers of just as effectively.
because the defensive A man can drink until he develops
Canal. No; there were to be more delays,
л.
As the Italian legions were ad- vancing. new infamy WOR sprung on the world. France and England calmly proposed, in the Honre-Laval plan, to give Italy the richest half of Abyssinia as a prize for her deflance of the League, Once again public opinion was roused and the
two Forelgu Ministero were forced from office,
Bir Samuel Hoare's placa
was taken by Mr. Eden, who, to do him justice. has since fought for the vindication of the Covenant. But ho has not fought hard enough. In France, unfortunately, there was no change for the better when M. Flandin replaced M. Laval. Since January there has been French excuso for dolay after another. And each time Mr. Eden has given way, accepting only a tiny part of his original demands.
onc
TL Banctions, alrendy deferred, were put off again in March for a week to enable the French to make onc supreme attempt at peace nego- tiations. The week has become two months, Oll experts have forecast that Italy could resist an oll embargo for three, and a half months only.
Now we have had to wait for the elections to know French whether the new French Govern- ment is to be any more pro- sanctionist and to see whether the British Goverment really intended the Abyssinian war to be brought to an end. Meanwhile. Italy had redoubled her military efforts and had sown the seeds of civilisation in the form of poison gas bombs.
If, as is generally understood, Mr. Eden is personally in favour of a strong Lengue policy, he has either shown unpardonable weakness in ils opposition to French demands. or elements in the Cabinet have prevented him from carrying out the policy which received the coun- try's approval in the general elec- tions.
The time has come for Great Britain to take a strong line at Geneva, On the one side there is France, evidently regarding the League as an instrument designed expressly for use against Germany and against no one else, On the other is Britain, professing to be faithful servant of the League, and anxious to ensure that a State guilty of an act of aggression shall nat beneat.
TF that is true. France Amust be shown clearly
and unequivocally that, the Italo- Abyssinian disputo is_a_test. case for Dritain. She must be told Armly that on no account will Britain agree to any form of collective action in Europe that is not taken equally in other parts of the world.
And France can only give ono reply, for she knows, and the British
| Governntent knowe, that Anglo-French co-operation in all forms of collective security is essential-
The indictments against the two Governments are damning. It was. the British Government which en- couraged Italy last year by taking no action at Geneva. It was the British Government which discouraged takk of closing the Suez Canal. It was the British Dovernment which, by 1s vnciliation and weakness, brought dis- blusionment and discouragement the little States to which the League means life itself. It has been the
fled the world by its unparalleled French Government which has horri cynielem of recent months.
All that time the British Govern- ment knew that it was in its power to compel France to come into line in Mental overstrain is not no com-
the enforcement of collective security. mon-in fact, I cannot recollect ever yet nothing was done. The tardy having seen a case of collapse through change in British policy is not enougii. over-work. In nearly all cases the Tant polley must be pushed through break-down is due to worry-a very at Geneva at all costs and at once.
For the alternative is the end of the Directly man passes thirty the League, and with it the beginning of n different matter.
cirrhosis of the liver, but if he steadies up in time all the hardness will disappear and the liver become defies Nature the hardening will be perfectly healthy again. But if he come permanent und no power on earth can then disperse it.
*
*
preceding in the hundred years, the British public were in 1910 reminded in a striking manner that the ques- tion of prison reform had not been entirely disposed of. The late Mr. John Galsworthy. the famous dramatist, staged a play in London, called "Justice," in which he dealt with various un- pleasant and unsatisfactory fea-| tures of prison life. He show-
It is not only disease which robs The rate at which the body cant ed, for example, how the Every normal human being starts
defence forces varies the body of its recuperative powers, separate.cell system, instead of life with a substantial balance at the mobilise ita
bank of health. Unlike the balances with age to a very marked extent. In Physleaf over-exertion will do so necessarily being an improve ment on the older system, might liberty to draw on it to a practically resistance become a torture to a sensitive unlimited extent without doing more mechanism learns its duties slowly. prisoner who could not bear then temporarily depleting it. No So we frequently see a child who is matter how exhausted his recupera-perfectly healthy on Monday, ravaged solitary' confinement. Public tive powers may become during illness by illness on Tuesday, and is u pathe sentiment was shocked by the or injury, a very short period of the Bttle bag of bones by Thursday Once mobilised, however, the resist play. The Home Secretary health in sufficient to restore them to
ing power of the child is supremely I active. The disease is soon overcome visited it, and investigations into their normal flourishing state.
There is, howover, one proviso. the existing prison system were it is permissible to draw lavishly on and we find that the former process immediately instituted and vari- one's health balance the debit must is reversed and normal health and aus reforms introduced. The be quickly made good or repayment strength return almost as quickly an
they vanished.
This, however, can be very deceptive, many changes in treatment will be refused.
It is safe to say that If these facts recorded in the last 25 years in- were properly understood by the The process of manufacturing white clude the abolition of solitary average person it would soon become corpuscles and anti-texins is an confinement, the introduction of the nocepted thing that, barring exhausting one to the body und speed with which his body can make new era of destruction. lectures and concerts, the issue accidents, eighty or ninety years was takes some time to recover from it.
Therefore some time after a child white corpuscles begins to decline, for that matter has 48 does the quantity he is able to of a printed weekly news sheet, normal span of life,
The difficulty of turning this pre-or an adult, the establishment of a system of cent into practice is that it must be apparently been restored to normal produce. Therefore his aim must be, adult education-the 335 classes observed throughout the entire life health, the greatest care must be atly, to avoid illness as far as pos time. Debts incurred in childhood or taken to avoid over-strain and over-sible, and, secondly, if he is stricken down, to ensure that the attack is a which were held in 1935 were youth cannot be repaid in maturity, and a short, to pay back the balance light one, lie must train himself tr
exhaustion, to give nourishing foods; attended by 7,451 prisoners-im- The chance of repayment has gone,
bo on the lookout for those danger signals which toll him his resistance provement of prison libraries, and when the time comes that a de- that has been overdrawn.
has been lowered. the disappearance of the broad-mand is made on the bankrupt organ
As the child grows to maturity the At the first onset of an illness he resistance to disease grown steadily must take to his bed. He must arrow mark from the prisoners' there are no funds available to meet
It clothes, and the introduction of During childhood unwise parents greater. It is at its maximum appre-sacrifice his heroic notions of "throw- Bon or ximately between the years of 16 and ing it off," and by rest and warmth Physical training. One result can unwittingly deprive of these many reforms has been a great, improvement in i, bravado and ignorance of youth, which period whore most damage is usually able conditiona.for manufacturing thej
thinks it can successfully defy the done.
Youth has a very foolish felish that largest quantities of white corpuscles
or anti-toxins. discipline and a more import-inuautable laws of health, can dispose
Above all, when he has conquered ant matter than the maintenance of another ten years. The follica it is a sign of softness to give way
བ་ xlight illnews. and excesses of maturity cause the to
There the liness, he must give himself a of discipline within the prison loss of another ton years, so a man fore, instead of spending a couple reasonable time in which to con- walls-offenders on leaving pri- who might well have lived to ninety of days, in bed. these misguided valeace. With each year that passes young people go about their normal it takes a little longer for the body son return to the world less cm-dios at sixty.
Scotland. 700 years ago. duties and pleasures of assure their fully to recover from the exhaustion bittered and feeling less at war The "bank balance" consists of the anxious relatives that "they'll soon of lighting a dlucase, and it is merely with society than they did ability of the body to panufacture throw it off."
knocking years off one's life to ignore Well, they usually do. The body the fatigue and weakness of quarter of a century ago. The to blood carpuscles and antl. most practical and helpful of toxins. The white corpuscles tave gallantly responds to the demands valescence and to say that "you feel prison reforms, it has been wise- often been likened to sulitors who made upon it, more and more white a fraud to stop away from the office. Think, then, of that invisible balan ly said, is to be found in pro-guard the body from invading germs, corpuscles are manufacturi and huri-
Directly malevolent germs entered into the fray, and hr time the ce at the bank of health and use it wisely, When necessary, draw on it cesses which keep people out of the body a message is instantaneous disease is defeated.
But the account has been overdrawn, to the limit and it will stand the prison altogether. Judged by y flashed round the entire system that standard, the work of the and white corpuscles of the appro- the delt has not been rapail, and strain without flinching.
are adveral never again will the body be able to priate type-for there
But always pay back your overdraft: past twenty-five years in Britain different kinds are manufactured and produce those preelous corpuscles at in full, or you will live to rue it has been remarkably successful, rushed to the danger spot.
its maximum speed.
Nature's bank never forgives a dobl!
1.
*
#
con-
It Is True?
Some of these statements are right, some wrong. Do you know which?
1. The Incas of Peru, sent their messages
Inscribed
tablets..
clay
2. The tallest race on earth is found in South America.
3. The cathedrals of Ely and St. Albans are the same length,
4. Rabbits were unknown 'in
T
6. Egyptian columns tuper slightly to give on. Illusion of straightness.
(. Two hundred and fifty years ago the population of England and Wales was about half the present population of London.
Answer on Page 7
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