1936-05-23 — Page 6

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BALKAN JEALOUSIES THAT LED TO GREAT WAR

GAS

YEARS OF INTERNATIONAL INTRIGUE MASKS

A view of the seething Balkan cauldron after the Balkan wars and the Tripoli war between Turkey and Italy is presented by Volume X., Part I., of British Documents on the Origins of the War, published in London this month.

The historians who edit the volume-Professor G. P. Gooch and Professor Harold Temperly-show how Russia, Austria, and Italy were all taking a hand in promoting their respective policies, with Germany in the background, now supporting Austria and now holding aloof.

IN 3

SIZES

TO FIT MEN, WOMEN

AND CHILDREN

Details of the British Govern-

Sir Edward Grey, as the chairman which the Turkish Government could of the Ambasadors' Conference be completely dominated. which had minde peace in the Balkans, The German view was that he was could not disinterest himself from the no more than succesnor to Gen. von resulting situation, and was fully der Goltz, who had been inspector, conscious of the dangers to European but had never held a command in the f pence as a whole which each fresh Turkish Army. It was a matter of German crisis produced.

prestige, for the previous Of the events dealt with in the pre-mission had been unfairly held res-ment's requirements in sent volume ail, with two exceptions, ponsible for the Turkish defenta.

manufacture of gas masks are arise out of the Balkan Wars. The M. Sazonov was prepared to go to story opens in Chapter LXXXIV..with almost any lengths,

including a contained in a circular published the early struggles in October, 1913, 6nancial blockade of Turkey by the recently by the Air Raid Pre- of the independent State of Albania, Triple Entente and the occupation of cautions Department of the Created by the Powers after Turkey Trebizond, Belroat and Smyrna by

the

*

had been defeated. The new State the Russian, French and British Home Office. was to be governed by an Inter Beets respectively. He told our The circular includes a specification national Commission of Control and Ambassador that he would regard it for gas masks of the "Special Ser- International forces were then of as a test case for the Entente, and, sico type, and invites all manufac Scutari.

If wo failed to support him, he would turers to submit their

products in The country itself was naturally in look elsewhere,

order that these surviving the Gov- a state of turmoil and Serbian troops

Our position was not easy, for not; were occupying the strategic heights only did Sir 15. Grey think that tooment's specification tests may re- erive Herace to stamp each re- well within its southern frontier, much fuss was being made of it, but spirator with a certification mark, while, Austria was fomenting the there was a British admiral in a

von Each lernen will cost £20, and the Albanians against the Serbs and somewhat similar position to Applying them with arina. Whilst Sanders, at the head of the Turkish manufacturer will pay 6d. an every fighting was in progress, diplomatie Navy. After diplomatic converan gas mask hearing the Government exchangea were ontinuous. Even- tions extending over four months the certifiention. tually, on October 16, 1913, the Austerman Government was induced to trinns presented the Serbs with an agree to a slight variation of the ultimatum demanding the withdrawal appointment, and the Russian Govern of their troops within eight days. ment felt that their firess had won

them n victory.

The crisis, the editors remark, Sir F. Grey, had previously joined enused more alarm than any other the other Powers in pressure apon matter during the last year of peace.

"REHEARSAL" FOR 1914.

Materials used must be such that every component has a probable effes- tive life of five years. Every mask will undergo tests for resistance, air- tightness, and eleiency of fitting, comfort, and general ruitability.

Respirators must be designed so between wearers, and designs must be suitable for manufacture in sizes to At the faces of men, women, and

size. persons. Ench young explusised, should have a wide range

the Serbs, but he spoke sharply to It showed how frayed were the inter-that essential conversation is possible the Austrian Government in object-national nerves, ing to their taking the Inw into their awn handa and not waiting for the ro-operation of the other

Powers,

in

Great

ALWAYS READY TO FIGHT

One of the most interesting docu- ments is that in the appendix, which

Triple

TORNADO WAS BABY'S “KIDNAPPER"

Serbia, falling to obtain Russian contains an offer by Turkey in June, of fitting. support, had perforce to comply with 1912, of a defensive alliance with ས The ultimatum. The whole incident or alternatively with the was in essentials a rehearsal for 1914, Entente. It was rejected by us but on this occasion Russian backing cause Sir E. Grey did not wish to challenge the Central Powers, though was forthcoming.

The

shifts Feene

Chapter the prospect of n regeneration of the Dur. guidance кля LXXXV. to the Aegean Islands, when country under An interminable wrangle took place nitrnclive. in August, 1913, as to their allotment to Turkey and Greece following on the Balkan Wars. It was further complicated by Italy's continued occu- pation of the Dadecanese, which she solemnly undertook to restore. By June, 1914, the situation had become

acute that Turkey was only await ing the arrival of the Dreadnought, then being built in England for her, to declare

Greece. The on War matter was still unsettled when the war broke out.

It was the last attempt of Turkey to shake off German influence, and with our refusal the die was cast with what consequences we know,

Surveying the story given, in the Documents, two features particularly stand out.

First, there was the explosive con- dition of the Near East. It had seen three wars in quick Fuccession. Yet, helped by the intrigus of some of the Great Powers, the Balkan, coun- tries, though exhausted by war, were Chapter LXXXVII. records an inci- still quick on the draw, and ready dent which at the time seriously to flare up and march over any and threatened the pence of Europe. Gen. every minor incident. Liman von Sanders, a German! Secondly, the figure of Sir Edward

over all his general, was appointed by the Turkish Grey towers Government Commander of the 1st poruries in his unwearying labour for Army Corps, with headquarters in peace. He never took the small view, Constantinople, and was accompanied and was prepared to abandon n national advantage in order to hold hy a mission of 12 German officers,

contem-

team of Great Powers

The news was received by Russin, the uneasy with absolute consternation. M. together, which he saw was the only Sazonov, the Foreign Minister, point-} mentis of averting the el out that it was a key position from catastrophe.

threatened

İst

Mrs. Earl Cockrell left her nine-months-old daughter play- ing in the yard of her house ut Tupelo (Mississippi).

A tornado suddenly swept the -district, says n New York cable. Mrs. Cockrell ran into the yard to get baby.

She was missing-and been picked up like a feather by the wind and carried into the street four hundred yards away,

The infant was taken to hos- pital with slight concussion and a scratched nose.

There Mrs. Cockrell found her.

THE SUPER DREADNAUGHT OF

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