1935-10-02 — Page 5

CENSUS DISCLOSURES

UNDER ANALYSIS

MR. W. J. CARRIE ADDRESSES ROTARY CLUB ON POPULATION FACTS

HONGKONG'S SEX CONSTITUTION

The remarkable growth of Kowloon and the peculiar Influences affecting the population of Hongkong formed the subject of a fascinating talk given by Mr. W. J. Carcle at the meeting of the Hongkong Rotary Club yesterday.

Under the title of "Some deductions from the Hongkong. Census of 1931," the speaker described extraordinarily congest- ed arens, the urban development of the Peninsula and the phenomenat deende from 1921-1931 when Kowloon doubled its population.

The changing customs of settlement in the Colony ling a great Influence on its sex constitution and Indirectly on the erstwhile popularity of such places as West Point, he said,

The President, Professor L. Forster, welcomed the Club's new honorary member, Bishop Hall, and the following guests; Mr. Laborinho, Portuguese Consul in Hongkong, Dr. M. Nichol- xon and Mr. Lawrence Kadoorie. Capt. R. D. Walker, he noted, had returned to the Colony.

every

de

The speaker suid: When ourse population only. worthy Fresident asked ine to address The first sub-tivision that we can you on Hongkong's population make of population is obviously into disclosed by the lust Census at the two sexes. In 1981 for Glee mplied "I shall be told "Queen thousand

males there were 728 Anne a dead-the Census was taken females; or if we exclude the over four ago. interested in it and ready is fence forces and Mercanti Marine So he which are almost exclusively maly went on to say: "Oh, but nobody and consider paly, the civilina resident read

your Report" and perhaps thatdation the proportion is 749. is true enough. Reports are dry A very great niteration has Inken Things and one denting with figures is plare in the ex constitution of the fiable to be very dry herd.

lation of ilong kong eyen,

ir sider only the fast thirty years; the femininity it inreusing steadily, 1001 the portion of Temmies is mates was only 1908 it had risen to 34, by 1911 t was 563, in 1928 it had risen again to 888; it is now 719, Just about three women to every four men

T

I don't intend to give you many

to-day, Just after tiffin, and confine myself to a

few broad generalisations only.

The total population enumerated as present in the Colony on the night of March

amounted to 819,751 1031 persons, of whom (41.858 ware males and 357,893 females.

per 1,000,

ze

in

The population in longkong is now Deducting the defears forces natch more a settled population. In that we can make a comparison with early days the men alone came to the the year 1921 as regards the eiving along in search of work leaving their popatation we find that the population wives and familie, in the country grow i thase ten yet from 125, hamar to earry on paps the cultiva 166 to 810,173, an incense of roughly tion of their little patch of paddi 214,000. This is the largest merease fields; nowadays whole families come that has ever taken place in the to the Colony to settle here, at least Colony during a similar period. Rel

chunge j moat latively, however, it was a little for a tome. The

a little less appreciable in Rowboy-even in 1921 for Kebon showed a higher proportion of temules to male than it Jaland: it is now even more strongly

than the corresponding figures the previous decade. From 1. se 1921 the Inerrase was about pis.40 or nearly 87% of the figure for W;a family community, the present increase was a little more than 4% of the figures for 1921.

Hongkong Lags

respet

Sex Canalitat inert

the

Such a change in the sex constitu tion of a population is reflected in various ways, for example in public morals; even before the recent closure by Government, West Point had lost.

The increase in

of the Island of Hongkong was only about 62,000 people just about 1855 of the

gures of 1921. This was consider. į much, of its ably less than the gripse during the previous decade, which was 10,000 or 42% of the 1911 figures,

The

New

are of course different from the rest of the Colony: there we have a settled village com- It is difficult to give any satisfactory munity and the prop explanation of this relatively smaller sexes i about cortion of

increase in Hongkong card, pe will be seen later, a very much larger in ereuse in Kowloon, except in vary general terms:

the

We then come to ages. These some. times cause a little trouble especially among the ladies. But a census taker always

to get a certain

There are no ground for suggesting number of mis-statements of age- that the enumeration was better done one would certainly expert a large In Kowloo than in Hongkong noci

number in dealing with at like that of Hongkong-unaccustomed Population

that there would be fewer missions

arcu.

them.

THE

HONGKONG

TELEGRAPH. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1985.

year, last remains high also unt about the twenty-fifth year, and then the ordinary gradunt descent occurs, a descent ittle more rapid than normal. How can we explain this?.

Early

com-

Was

Children when born in the Colony are frequently sent in their years to be brought up in the family home in China Che while the parenta remain to earn their Hongkong. The classindustries of

grand parents

Age the

or industry was given

a separate

LABOUR PARTY

RECRIMINATIONS AT CONFERENCE

quiry was made in 1921, namely that of occupation, and the cinssification: carried out was in part occupational and in

Industrial. No And in part parison with the 1921 figures therefore possible In 1981 but I huge in the next we shall see a full comparison made census which will show the development of the

London, Oct. 1. living in

in Hongkang and this seem

in the United Kingdom was used in adonted

"The scrapping of sanctions as to be a possible explanation of the Hongkong with a few minor altern- the reserve force behind. the law Jarge drop the numbers of

would certainly mean Ichildren. After ten years of young tions, to meet loent condition

war, and But here was one place where that very soon," children begin to return perhaps for ust confess local labour cracked up. Dalton speaking on behalf of the declared Mr. schooling and they are reinforced by The lists of occupations and industries Executive of the Labour Party, at enter numbers of new immigrants, were coded each separate occupation the Party Conference at Brighton. especially in the case of males-the maximum number as regards males 1. then attained about the twenty first year of age,then the gradual Cercent commences and this is re- irced by departures from the Cu- fons on retirement from active life. The descent is more Lapid then caused ed 1 dents alone. In the

of females the ascent after the tenth year

much more

gradual and

the maximum is not attained until

about the twenty-fifth year; I think this more gradual ascent is due to the fnet that girl children are not brought back to Hongkong until they are of matriageable age or are married.

There is unt much to say about the conjugal condition of the population. One outstanding feature was the num ree of infant marriage? thousand. The

custom ім almost

Is

Case

greatest trouble

the

sumber and this had to be entered by the posting clerks on the sorting cards, The clerks found considerable dificulty in learnlur the codes and they did not know enough about the curious occupations ets, that exist, particularly foreign classify them properly.

occupations, to Professional occupations rave

0.6. professiona engineers in both civil and mechanical engineering, as well as architects and naval architects appear in much lar- ger numbers than are probably war- ranted by strict professional quali- fications for these titles. These, it wight so said, are small items and relatively unimportant in the great bulk of the workers of the Colony two but the reason of more importance for the curious figures must be entirely confined to the Hakkas and is the great lack of detail in some of due to poverty. The number of male infants married is less time t the female. The female child

Aver

of

for a consideration paid in the parents and in order to save the cost of her upbringing to live in the house of her future husband; she is brought up as a daughter, and helps in the ght household; at sometiate between the ages of sixteen and eighteen a secol ceremony is performed and consum mation of the morringe may take place.

Many Widows

the groups the "ambus" sat-heal at the end of "other skilled workers" out-numbering all the rest within the group.

Earning Population

To considering the population who firstly the children mud then the old are gainfully occupiri we discard people, those who are not yet ready for work and those who are past work. case of females we discard also these whu

are employed solely home duties; they may be fully ve cupied but they are not gainfully occupied. A second Lenture which attract

The proportion of The whole one notice is the firge number of population which is gainfully occupied widows, about thirty-five *thousand is compared with the number of widow-case of males and 28 in the case of approximately 63% 71% in the em, a little over four thousand.

The females. So if he is. young

again and the portion in later life is further afreeted by the greater mortality in males of achit It is probable also that the widowed mother has

greater incentive to remain in Hongkong where

her children

dren may be, than to return to the ancestral home in China which may greater Attraction To the widower.

Now a few remarks on birth places and qutionalities.

wer.

The largest group of male 4"F1- tion in ployees appears under the heading Transport and Communications--and includes the large body of unskilled labour, carrying coolles, ships' erews, bargenen and hontmen-the tetal wa 14,500 nhous

105 persons for 1,000 of those occupied.

Then Cam those engaged in personal service. 43,000 or 10 per 1,000; nearly 3,000 male persons were

turned as in private domestic ser vice.

Of persons of Chinese rare, 215 of those living in Hongkong and Kow, were born in the Colony; of those aftont 75, and of those living in the

dou

New Territories 807.

John Simon spoken four years ago Mr. Dalton said that had Sir as Sir Samuel Hoare spoke at Geneva, Japan would have been restrained in the Far East and Mussolini would not have tried aggression 'in Ethiopia tony, Renter.

Further reperence to the Landon Party Conference appears else- where in this issue.

Frayed Tempers

London, Oct. 1. Tempers are getting frayed in the big debate of the Labour Party Conference

011 the Executive a League sanctions against italy in recommendation

favour of the event of the outbreak of war.

in

After Mr. Dalton, who held office in fire Just Labour Adminis- tration, had moved the Executive's resolution, the Hon, Sir Stafford Cripps opened the opposition. cordially detested Mussolini more He said that while nobody present

than he did, the great driving power bohind the present British Government was the interests of the capitalist economie system.

Sir

Stafford contended that economic sanctions were insep- able from militarism. "It WAN argued that Mussolint might be probability he will drive a safise crushed, but he won't. In all

faetory bargain with his fellow members of the International Burglars Union, even though they have momentarily turned them- selves into police."

favoured

Few of these, however, claimed to the next greatest number of female to stand by the party decision get

Sir Stafford Cripps concluded with a fierce attack on capitalists. Mr. Marchback, Secretary of the Railwaymen's Union, charge! Sir Stafford Cripps with inconsis- tency. In the House of Commons, Mr. Marchbank recalled, Among females the largest group Stafford

Sir was, as is to be expected those

sanctions engaged in personal service-over against Japan in the dispute with 28,000 or nearly 285 per 1,000 of those Chim. If Sanctions were right gainfully occupied.

then, they were equally right now. Agricultural 'occupations absorbed | Det those who were not prepared workers-over 21,000 or 219 per 1,000 and the third largest group was in Transport and Communications where 12,000 women were employed. This remark gevoked cries of These three groups absorb nearly Gft of all women workers.

be British subjects: 35 of the total Chinese

population were born in the

Colony but only 77 elnimed to be British subjects: the proportions were 5 in the New Territories, 17% of those alioat but less than 216 of testing ashe those living ashore in Hongkong and

Less than 29% of those born in the Colony subsequently claimed to be British subjects,

Industries of Hongkong.

this

out_without_periodically making an Issue of it.

▾

shame" and, "sanctions will destroy the Party," and for some minutes there Was 2122 uproar which led Mr. Marchbank to withdraw his remark.-Reuter.

Mr. Lansbury's Position

to-morrow weck.

A last word on the Inilustries of Rangkong. Of the total resident civilian pupa. It is very dikult to describe Ju- lation there were 71,000 British sub-dustries and tccupation verbally--- on that account. The system kopted to birth registration end with little Jeets little less than in carrying out the coumeration was den of neeurney as regards "Chinese-race-

the tables or lists are necessary to bring a

London, Oct. 1. number of British subjects of non- _the_same_in_both_pases;_the_organisa

on the actual facts. Broudly, how These are not deliberate --mis-

Mr. George Lansbury, Leader of tion was identical and might be ex-statements and are easily identifled. Lace being approximately ever, it may be said that 24 of the the Labour Party. pected to have functioned better on comitem must uste innen, jure aut very of residence in the Ciens. The manufacturing in inaries (sine tj. that he is calling a meeting of dan the defence forces), working population are directly de Labour candidates for Parliament addressing I need not say much about length pendent for their livelihood upon at Brighton last night announced Island than in Kowloon: n that one must, just If the figures for one area are as

population of Hongkong always expression fairly wide Parliament Party Londen nearly correct as it is possible to I had one funny experience--I think

been very largely migratory-peoph obtain; the same is true of the other the lady is still in Hongkong and is

This fart was noted by the recent come and go.

Commission to show that perhaps listenlug in. Well, I shan't Some of the central districts

carlier the in- give her away. It so happened that

crease in recent years of family life

portion of the activities He will place before it his posi- Hongkong are grossly overcrowded this

in Hongkong-this has to some es and had no doubt reached saturation photographs of her beautiful daugh

lady had just received two

tent reduced this coming out going had always been assumed that

This was a somewhat new arpeet. It agreement with the Party's official point and no increase as possible. ters theu at home in England and

but not very appreciably. Only 4457

we policy on sanctions.—British Wire-, The land is now so valuable that more she brought them and showed them

were mainly concerned of the Chinese in Hongkong had been trade; that we were more at clearing

in entroput Jess, and more is being devoted to business to my wife and myself. She told

here for over ten years and only 21 house and distributive centre than a premises which house much fewer us the daughters were then sixteen

for over twenty years. The same is people

manufacturing community. As the but obtain higher, rents than and eighteen years old respectively, had been here for ten years or

true of non-Chinese also, only about Beonomic Commissioners tenement flats. There is room

stater- for Two days inter or so she filled up

industrial activity has only recently development in Hongkong but only it the Census form and entered her age

more and only 18 for over twenty arisen and assumed any sizable pro- would appear at greater distances us thirty-four!

portion. from the business centres that ix! the case in Kowloom.

Welcome Distribution

in

Ideal Community Mistakes which arise front a cer tain looseness of statement or from It is possible that a portion of the an ignorance of the precise facts are population had actually moved from ensily identified we draw a graph Hongkong to Kowloon and that Kow-jof the mumber of po

of people nt ench loon developed partly at the expense

with

tion

to mean

aire.

it

If we were enlig of Hongkong. This is an expansion settled population.

into which there and wider distribution of the popain was so immigration and from which

hut cannot but be welcomed. there was no

no emigration, In Kowloon the increase during the population to increase solely by the leaving the decade from 1921 to 1981 was natural increase of births and de Thenomenal. In 1921 there were only grease only by the 120,000 people in Kowloon; in 1931 deaths, we should natural decrease of

that the the number had increased to 203,000 of the number of people at each age the curve an increase of 139,560 or 1134%) un

should be a

aline"

'slanting gradually New Kowloon evenly from left to right, ie, in this the

gures for 1921.

and is almost entirely urian and having imaginary community there would be a population of 26000 people it is the greatest number of people under It is comparable in one year of age; some would die, the size to Nottingham. bigger than next greatest number would be those Dundee in Scotland and considerably between one and two and so on, the larger than Cardiff in Wales,

curve gradually getting lower and The New Territories, Northern and lower until we reach the century line Southern Districts had a total pupu when there would be, of course, only lating of 18,000-howing an increase one or two centenarians. of 15,000 or 18 on the figures for But that is

Ideal cun

community. That 1021.

affost including the complications that arise. We must The population Mercantile Marine and Fereign Nuvies first clear out error due to mis- present on census night totalled statements, so we will still leave out 70,000 and showed a small decrense. for the present emigration and im

Evidence of the overcrowding that migratibu. In this case we find that exists mainly in the central districts Instead of the graph gradually dim- on the Island was clearly forthcoming In one small district the density

very distinct peaks with ages given as 20, 30 or

tha

reached the very high figure from left to light

1,265

arcu

it has corros-

China. Ieeen Hongkong and engaged in indust" tim as tender in view of his dis-1

years,

Illiterate Women

the

of the

There are 24 in manufacturing Industries: a further 217 are employ Such facts emphasize the difficultyed in the wholesale and retail dis of progressive education of the people surance and other commerce and tributive trades and in banking, ing in, for example, sanitary matters. the educational attainments of

The statistics obtained regarding munication and 13 in personal ser fluance 15 in transport and con-

people were very difleult to malyavvice which include hotels, restaurants To begin with, of course, there is

ets.

as well as private domestic ser- very strong temptation in answering-

vise; the questions--Can you read, and

The males in the manufacturing in- write your Mother Tongue, Can you

dustries out mimber the females by speak English, Can you read (over 6% to 1. In personal service write English to claim attainments

on the other hand the numbers are which you do not possess or possess

nearly equal though. In most western only in a very small degree. Broadly is females greatly out in

males in these speaking however there did seem to

occaputions. be a very definite increase since the

This has been a rapid survey only previous enumerations of the ability of the salient points disclosed by the to read, and write especially among

Census of 1991. It was, I assure you, males; illiterney was however

E very interesting piece of work to considerable antong "women.

have to do; I trust I shudl be here to see the results of the next Census to be taken in 1911. (Applause).

Vote of Thanks

Roturian. F. A. Joseph thanked the

We now come to two very interest. ing classifications-the Occupational and Industrial.

of

persons per acre; over the whole 40 and slightly smaller peaks at 15, mes companies or he may

the Harbour-Pedia26, 36 and so on. This was due to

or looseness of statenient, a vague in-

one

of a

16

A very clear distinction must be drawn between occupation and in dustry. Occupation night lie detine) doesn't exist. Let us consider the is the employment pursued by an speaker and commented on the com- individual; while industry IN the prehensiveness and scope of the 1941 nature of the employment or service census, if Rotarian Carrie could for which a number of individuals,

infuse the same enthusiasm Into the Travel Association, he often of various occupations, are or-

sald, the 1941 end ranised into a fien · or under

census should show a ble increase in the tourist classification. He had This a chartered accountant may heard that one of the curliest censuses be engaged in nuditing the accounts

was undertaken by David, and reasons unknown be

to the speaker, as the accountant

punishment was visited upon David of the lower part of the

firm, an insurance company

and the children of Isract. Perhaps fronting on

business dealing in oil; a carpen-

siniar misfortune was accompany Street along the front--an area of accuracy. People gave their age to by a building contractor or

be employed in a dockyard, 1031

Ing Mr. Carrie's efforte; as the year nearly 211 acres, the average density the nearest round figure of ten or

by a corresponded very clonely with cabinet maker, or even

in making

ding the beginning of the depression in acre. This, is an exceedingly high thirty were only twenty-nine or might

cases for a cigarette an Hongkong. Laughter). density and gives concrete evidence have been thirty-one; so the erratic

In these two examples the

The President announced that the of very great overcrowling.

graph was too low at 29 and 31 and

out as chartered accountant, or car- Sking Mun to inspoet Jubileo too high at 30; you smooth the graph by drawing it some place in between

penter but the industry or service servoir on October 20 these three points. But this is still changes.

with which the worker is connected, The density in Kowloon is very ideal and we do have in Hongkong much less; even in the worst areas considerable immigration and emigra-

Three cases of Diphtheria with one It haruly exceeded 500 persons per tion.

death (one imported), 11 cases of acre and that area was at Yaumati.

The classification used in the United Typhoid with two destha (two im-

ported), "one Kingdom in 1911 and earlier censuses Fever with one death, and 01 deaths Puerperal was only in part occupational and from Tuberculosis, wore reported to was very largely Industrial in nature the local health authorities last week. but the clear distinction was first made On Monday one case of Diphtheria in 1921 and fully developed in 1931. and dive cases of Typhoid

was approximately"017 persons per five only, Sone who anid they

were remains the same through- Rotary Club would pay a visit

Dense Areas

L'eculiar Influences

Of the total civilian population of the Colony persons of Chinese race

What did the actual graph show? wera 07.7% of the total and for tho Instead of the gradually diminishing remainder of this talk unless curve the lino had a sharp drop until specially mention that I am referring about the ninth year, then a rapid

Classification

CBT

of

to

Re-

RADIO BROADCAST

(Continued from Page 7.)

..

8.12 p.m. "Light and Shade3rd Edition."

The News. 9.15 pm. The

Northern Ireland Orchestra. 9.45 p.m. Clow down.

Transmission a

(G.8.G. 10-11.45 p.m.; G.S.E. 10 p.mel am,; G... 121 .m.)

10

p.m.

Or

Igen. Operatie Potpourri, 11 pm. "Under Big Ben,” A friendly chat

Landa. sport people. and things by Howard Marshall. 11.15 p.m. Jan Derensku

blu and cheatin 12.14 km. Dance Musle.

Greenwich Time Signal at 4.35 p.m. 12.20 L.M. The News. 12.45. Dance Stasie. 1 *.m. Close down.

Transmission 4

(GS., and G.R.D.)

PART I

1.15 a.m. Rig Hen. The News. 1.30 m, The News Georgian Trio. 2.m. The R.B.G. Midland Orchestra, 2.10a.m. The Rocky Mountaineers,”

presented by in Campbell. Greenwich Time Sigan! at 7 p.m. Jam. Brahma Night at the Proms. Greenwich Time Signal at p.m. 4. Variety of Myok. Pesented by

Bryan Michle,"

...m.

1.15 a.m.

J

Clow down.

PART II

Bance Music.

3.30 a.m. "Desk bafore Helvellyn.“ A. night.

6.50

.m.

* mare" story of the

Camberland

Lake District by Antony Muraden,

Itead by the Author,

Danes Maxle,

4 am. The News

6,15 Mar Dance Masie, 6.45 a.m. Clase down.

BRITISH WARSHIPS

LEAVE WEIHAIWEI-AFTER SUMMER HOLIDAY

Welhalwel, Oct. 1.

EI. M. S. Modway: with slx Bri- tish submarines and . M.. 8. Devonshire left' Welhaiwei to-day. It is stated that H.M.S. Medway and the submarines are bound for Devonshire is proceeding to Japan. Amoy and Hongkong, while, the.

Only two British warships re-

and H. M. S. Falmouth-Router.

to non-Chinose, I deal with the Chin-rise which is highest about the 20th In Hongkong however only, one en- ported) were also reported (ano Im-mafa'in Weihalwel: H. M. S. Kont

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