1935-02-27 — Page 3

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY^27," 1935.

AUSTRALIA'S RULE

ADMINISTERING

AT THE POLE

PROTECTING COLONIES OF WILD LIFE

By CMDR. M. H. MOYES, R.A.N. In The Christian Science Monitor

IN ANTARCTIC

zumed control over the Ross Son aren itseovered by her ships in 1840 and surveyed to a great ex- tent by later British expeditions. This dependency which included the area between longitudes 150 W. and 160 E. was pinced under the control of New Zentand with whaling regulations Aimilar to those of the Falkland Islands. Dependency,

France claimed territorial rights over Adelle Land, longitudo 139 to 142° E., and placed it under the administration of Madagascar in 1924.

In the sector between longitudes 160 E. and 46 E. the British Empire had a claim to a title in, many areas, including Enderby Ever they hear the floe-pack sector of the antarctic continent Land, Kemp Land. Queen Mary clear and the blast of the this name was given to it by Wilkes Land, George V Land and Ontes old bull-whale

-began to take shape, Ross Cape Land. By claim to a title, I mean And the deep seal-roar that Adare, D'Urville's Adelie Land, claim by discovery enhanced in beats off-shore. above the and Wilkes Land showing that the many caacs by visitation and sur- loudest gale

continent extended roughly to the vey. At the imperial conference Ever they greet the hunted antarctic circle (66% south lati-in 1926, Australia gave notification feet lone keels off bend-tado), but except for a few ships, of a claim to certain regions, and lands drear

antarctic seas now had a rest for the magnitude of the whaling en- When the sealing schooners fit 50 years, when the siege began terprises with the attendant danger of the extermination of the whales that way, at hazard, year by once more.

in southern sens caused the Aus your.

tralian Government to take fur- KIFLING.

ther, steps in the matter.

AT CAPE ADARE

THE history of the portion of In 1800, Borchgrevink The antarctic continent which came to the party, which lies to the south of Australia and was the first to "winter" on the New Zealand is interwoven with continent, and was followed during the histories of these countries. the succeeding 30 years by the One hundred and sixty years ago, great polar expeditions under when he was surveying the coast Scott, Shackleton, Amundsen, Maw- Iines of Australia, Captain Cookson and Dyrd.

they performed a great amount of scientific work, there is no doubt that the "south pole" was the main objective.

The extent to which the industry: had grown is shown by the follow ing figures:

Year Number of whales killed 1922-23

18,000

1923-24.

17,000

1924-25

23,000

1925-26

28,000

1926-27

23,000

1927-28

23,000

1928-20

28,000

1929-30

31,000

1930-31

42,000

also searched for the mythical con- Each of these leaders, with the tinent around the south pole, and exception of Mawson, chose the although he found no land, he Rose Sen as a base, and, although showed that, if such a continent existed, it did not extend past the sixtieth parallel of latitude.

While in 1930 there were about During the early years of the nineteenth century, during Ameri- Many Australians and New Zea-280 vessels of various sizes in ant- can seamen, particularly

landers took part in the Scott and arctic sens,

the After this sensor the supply of from Stonington, Conn., ventured Shackleton expeditions and year after year into the seas south names of some-David, Mawson, whale oil become greater than the of America, but as they could Taylor, Ferrar and Debenham-denind, and the firms engaged obtain all the seals they required are now well known among men made an agreement between them- from the subantarctic islands, did interested. in polar exploration. selves limiting the catch to about not try to probe the secrets beyond Of these, Mawson and David made two million barrels per year (proh the ice pack.

that wonderful journey to the ably about 30,000 whales). This

those

BANZARE EXPEDITION

In 1929, the British, Australian

Captain Cook's report of the south magnetle pole, while all con- was a business agreement only and wealth of life in the southern seas tributed to the geographical and something more permanent was re- aroused the interest of English geological knowledge of the region, quired to insure the continued ex- firms, among them, the Arm of It was on their return from the Istence of the "life" in antarctic Enderby Brothers. This firm sent Shackleton expedition that David seas. out many ships with instructions and Mawson again aroused Austra to explore the area as well as carry an interest in the great unknown on their scaling operations, and coast to which Australia is the their cruisen along the edge of the scarest continent, and enthusiasm and New Zealand antarctic re- pack gave to the world the first was so great that the Australasian search expedition, communly known as the Banzare expedition, was knowledge of the antaretle continantaretle expedition of 1911 sent to the antarctic to obtain

1914 was financed readily.

The plans of this expedition more information about the region Most of their work was done on the Australian skle. In 1831, differed from the other land ex-between Oates Land and Enderby Land. Sir Douglas Mawson was Capt, James Biscoe sighted Ender-peditions in that aclentine know- Lan by Land, but was not able to force ledge was the sole object, and the gals in command, having with his way to it through the ice, and area chosen was along the unknown him a party of scientists in Cap- its position was not verified until coast line to the west of the Rosa lain Scott's ship Discovery, and

ber, Capt. J. K. Davis as master.

ent.

It

the canst was charted by the Sea. Leaving Hobart in Decembe was found impossible to penetrate British, Australian and New Zea 1911, the S. Y. Aurora under

Nexoc command of Capur Davis

cado.

TRAVEL BY SLEDGE

great length of const line, much **** oceanographic work was carried

- Sir Banil Zaharof, the munitions king, whosa dislike for photo- graphers and publicity.is proverbial, is shown here with his private secretary and bodyguard, Ernest McDermott, an Irishman, leaving the Hotel De Paris in Monte Carlo, where he is spending the winter.

The Nazi swastika duminates the Saar without question as a result of the plebiscite. The victory sweep surprised even Naxi leaders who arranged the tremendous demonstration of strength at Saarbruecken pictured above. The 100,000 voters brought from all parts of the Saar for the rally stood in a whirling snowstorm at afute while Starm Troops marched in review.

tion in 1929. Two years later, landed a party of eclentists at Macing the summers the expedition Kemp reported signs of land quaric Island and then set sail for WR able to chart the coast lines of Enderby Land and Kemp Land, adjacent to Enderby Land, while Adelle Land, unseen since 1840 and extend it through the new

(then Dr.) Ballony farther to the east die Bere Sir Dougins

large party, arena of MacRobertson Land and covered the Balleny Islands, and Howson landed with a

Princess Elizabeth Land. Knox reported continental land which while the Aurora-pushed through Land, named by Wilkes in 1840, the ice pack to the west, to land

and has been called Sabrina Land.

All the scaling ships refitted in another party under Frank Wildwas sighted from the seaplane Sydney and Hobart during the The heavy pack prevented a land King George V. Land was again winter seasons, so that it was from fall being made till 1,200 miles had visited. At various points land- these Australian towns that the been passed, and then a landings were made and Sir Douglas news of the discoveries sprend net was made and hut built on a large hoiated the flag claiming British sovereignty over' the area: In only to the world at large but also ice shelf 20 miles from the con addition to the mapping of the to the leaders of the great scienti-tinent. fc expeditions which were in ac-1. tion at the end of the fourth de Sledging parties went in all out, including 1,800 soundings, and directions during the following surveys were made on subantare- Admiral Wilkes, in charge of the year, and with their surveys and tie islands such as the Crozels and American Expedition of 1837, met those of the Aurora many, hun-Kerguelen. Biscoo himself in Sydney. Admir dreds of milles of now coast line Australia's notification of claim al D'Urville and Capt. James Clark were charted, in addition to the made in 1920 had not met with Ross of the French and British mapping by the inland parties. any opposition to date, and In expeditions had their headquarters Much scientific Information was February, 1933, an order-in-connell in Hobart, where the Governor was obtained by the geologists, blolo- was passed in England which. Sir John Franklin, who later loat glats, etc. so that Gordon Hayes stated, his life in the arctic while search in his "Conquest of the South (1) that pari of His Majesty's Ing for the Northwest Passage in Pole" says. "More geographical Dominions in the antarctic seas the same ships, Erebus and Terror, and scientific discoveries had been which comprises all the islands and which now lay in Hobart with made than on any previous antare- territories other than Adelle Land Ross expedition.

fic expedition.

which are situated south of the Shortly after this expedition had sixtieth degree of south latitude returned, the World War changed and lying between the one hundred toward the distant polar plateau. The routes takon by D'Urville the attention of all to the north and sixtieth degree of east long- instead of the south, and Austra-itude and the forty-fifth degree of and Wilkes overlapped to some

hereby placed It is Impossible as yet to say extent, and it must have been ain's only connection with antare-east longitude is strange meeting when their ships the matters was in the Shackleton under the authority of the Com-whether minerals of value will be sighted one another near the land relief expedition to the Ross Sea monwealth of Australia;

had been discovered and in 1916 and 1917, but as affairs

(2) come into found in that ice-clad land. Most wired adelle Land by the French drifted back slowly to the old chan-operat this order shall con legis of It is hidden under the thousands few days previously, nels, thoughtful Australians relation shall have been passed by of fect of ice, and although coal- This was the only coast line seen alized that a now development in the Parliament of the Common-bearing, beds and metals, such as by D'Urvilla's expedition,

the southern sens required atten- wealth of Australia providing for lead, zinc, antimony and copper Wilkes ships reported land Intion. This development was the the acceptance of the said territory liave been found in other areas, the many places from Ringgold's Knoll great extension of the whaling in and the government thereof, as small extent of visible land in the in longitudo 158° E, to Termina-

may be fixed by proclamation by mentioned previously the tion Land in about longitude 97*

one to be optimistic about its monwealth of Australia. E., and there is still much discus-activities of the sealers towards the Governor-General of the Com- Australian sector would not lead

The necessary legislation was economic value. alon as to the accuracy of some of the end of the eighteenth and the these reported landfalls,

carly part of the nineteenth con passed by the Commonwealth Gov- When Ross left Hobart, he took turies, but did not comment on the ernment in 1934.

fact that these scalera had prac- Fow of those who have seen the in the sen, and this is not Austra his ships farther to the east, and tically exterminated the sea bears; antarctic continent will envy Aus- lla's wealth but her responsibility. pushing them through the ice pack better known as fur seals, and traifa her acquisition, while many was fortunata in finding himself

At the Assembly of the League in the large open sea now called caused a great diminution in the of those who have seen that con of Nations in 1931 a document for numbara of дед elephants. In tinent, or have worked on it even him. Salling past Capo 1778, for instance, British sealers for a short period, do not bellove the regulation of whaling was. Adare, he followed along the manlorie returned to England with that Australia has gained anything/gned by the majority of the na till he came to the Great Ice 40,000 sealskins and 6,000 tons of hat responsibility. Only a few tions Interested, but this is not yet Barrier, since famous as the start sea olephant oil.

Ort in force. places along the three thousand

leader a

OVERLAPPING

but

after

Jentic range the Admiralty Range

ing place of the polar expeditions.

dustry.

IMPROVED METHODS

MINERAL WEALTH?

The wealth of the dependency is

miles of the new.dependency is any These regulations prohibit. the land visible.. Very diferent lalt killing of certain species, calves, Ross was very disappointed at be ing unable to reach the south With the Improved methods of from the wonderful western coast etc, and for the Hoensing of the magnetic pole, as he had with him whaling, there was a danger that line of the Ross Sea with the glord-vessels engaged, but it is also the same flag he had planted on the whales would follow the fur pus peaks of the Admiralty Range. necessary to watch over the other the north magnetic polo (1835). Eeals into oblivion, and in 1908. the Tho western portion surveyed dur-animal life of the south. The One can imagine the enthusiasm Weddell Sen area was proclaimed ing 1929-31 has some mountain penguins (pecullar to douthern numerous with which the news of the dis- a dependency by England the ranges, but except for the small waters), seals, and coverica was received at Hobart Falkland Islands Dependency and Gaussberg in about longitude 50 varieties of birds must be protect and also in England when the in- ordinances were issued which re- E, the coast line which has been ed lest, during the future activities between MacRobertson of the increasing number of whal- formation reached there three guiated the whaling, while provid-sighted months later.

ing money for oceanographic re-Land and Oates Land consists ing ships, these animals share the mainly of vortical Ice cliffe, with fate which oyórtook the fur, seals As a result of these expeditions, search in that aros.

the Ico-cap sloping over upward one hundred years ago. the coast line of the Australian In 1929, England had also as

יי

This is the frit of a fleet of. motor torpedo boats, built in Engé land, for Slam. › Thay, nie 55 'foot have a speed of 40 knots an hour and are, equipped with

torpedoes and-machine-gune.

fon

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