1933-05-06 — Page 7

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FIRST PRIEST AT ISLAND GRAVE

A burial service performed over the grave of Sir Ernest Shackleton, the famous Antarctié explorer, in the lonely British South Atlantie | island of South Georgla more than ten years aftor his death there, is

described in a letter by the Very Rev. Harold E. Lumadale, Donn of Stanley, Falkland Islands.

SIGNIFICANCE. OF SOCRATES ·

HIS WIDER IDEA OF THE SOUL

CONFLICTING THEORIES

‘GABBLE, GABBLE,

GABBLE

EVANGELICAL VIEW OF CHURCH SERVICES

A delegates to the conference of Evangelient Churchmen at Oxford flook advantage of the fine weather Ito hold their discussions in the jopen-air.

Shackleton died. on board the inceting of the Classical Associa-ness, immorality, Ignorant cruelty

Quest at South Georgia on January 5, 1922, four months after sailing from London on his fourth expedi- tion to the Antarctie.

Mr. Lumsdale took up his pre-ficance. sont post in February 1932, and his diatrict includes the South Georgia, | South Shetland, South Orkney, and South Sandwich Islands, and any British possession southward to the South Pole. He writes:

WHALERS' TRIBUTE.

"In December I crossed the South Atlantic In a trawler, some 850 miles, to minister in South Georgia.

“No privat bad visited there be fore, and since Sharkleton had only been buried by a laymau I felt it my duty to say the Office for the Dend, and added the words of com- mittai.

"On Saturday, December 17, at five in the afternoon, we set out

for the grave. Large numbers of the whalers, Norwegion as well as English, were there.

"The sun was shining brightly Uon the lofty brown mountains, which were streaked with snow on the sides and capped with snow for hundreds of feet, for they 6,000 to R,000 feet high.

are

"The little cemetery lies at the foot of these mountains, and Shackleton's grave with its stone stands out from the rest.”

Among those who attended the service were Commander W. M. (retired). of the Carey, R.N.

·Royal Research ship Discovery II., which returned to Capetown after the cruising for A year in Antarctic and many of his offlcers

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The problem of Socrates--one)

A description of England as it of the greatest problems ever set was when it received the Evan- a classical scholar-was discussed gelichi message two hundred years by Mr. Dr. W. D. Ross. Provout of ago, was given by the Rev. J. R, Oriel College, Oxford, in his presi. §. Taylor, Principal of Wycliffe dential address at the annual Hall. It was an nge of drunken-

tion, ni Nottingham.

and crime, he said, and he added, "Socrates is perhaps the most "Are we walking in the true sue enigmatic figure in the history of cession of the Evangelical Greek philosophy," he said, "and Fathers?" the most varying theories have Circunstances had changed en- been held with regard to his signi-Formously in the last 200 years. There was a multiplicity of ex- "At one extreme atand, those eclient books on religious subjects, who make him the founder of the and there were the Press and ideal theory, of which Plato be broadensting. There were move. comes the mere expositor; at the monts within the Church itself other those who make him an which could not but affect--the almost legendary Agure, and position of preaching, movementa ascribe to earlier sophlets the which tried to hide the pulpit be- whole, even, of the moral theory hind the Altar and which put their which we are accustomed to usso-faith for the conversion of the inte with his same; and in-people, not in the ministry of the Lermediulte between these comes Word, but in the spectacle of the the customary view which makes Mass. him essentially a practical moral The presentation of Christianity always require -living teacher, and one who, while would great inspirer of theory in others, ingents. Books would never sup- had little or no theory of his own plant the sermon, nor would the

microphone displace the pulpit.

INTERPRETATION.

JELLIES AND PETTICOATS. "The problem is, of course," hai continued, "n problem of inter

Mr. L. E. Jose, of Malvern, eri- pretation and evaluation of au- tiefsed the presentation of Rey- thorities,

vicen. In a great many churches, | "If Socrates had never been the declared, Sunday after Sun-: more than the harmless moralist, day, "you get nothing but gauble,

interested in natural science gabble, gabble. Parts of the ser and in cosmological speculation, vice are rattled off just like the which Xenophon describes him as automatic playing of a barrel- being. it would have been merely organ. If we could get silly of Aristophanes to depict him sincerity, reality, and reverence in should as an archsophist, a bold physical Jour church services, we speculator, dethroning Zeus and have the preaching of the Gospel making Vortex king, as studying with tremendous power."

The Rev. C. M. Chavasse, Chair- the phenomena of the heavens and measuring the jumps of man of the Conference, said that feas.

when he came to be Vicar of St.

more

"It is much more likely that ut Aldate's in Oxford before he be the date of the Clouds, 423, when came Master of St. Peter's Hall, be Socrates was a man of 16, he was was appalled to think that the opposite a still following the fashion of Cathedral hat stood physical and cosmological specu-church crammed with Evangelicals lation which had been the tradi-"who went down stinking alleys tion of Greek philosophy up to taking jellies and flannel petticoat to people who were forced to stew Socrates' originality lay, said in the stink of these places, Never the speaker, in his insistence on once had they thought of clearing the application of clear thinking them away.

"These places are a blot on the to moral questions. "It was this that made him the unique moral name of Oxford, on the name of influence in Athens, which, by Evangelicals in the parish and in general consent, he was. *

the Church. They had helped the

that time."

"It was this, too, that led to his poor, but had not sought to alter unpopularity both, with the ad- the conditions in which they live. vocates of unthinking acceptance That is where I feel Evangélients uf traditional codes and with have failed in the past." those whose now-fangled sub-

stitutes be riddled with dialectic. instead of seizing its principle, or QUESTIONS OF CONDUCT. offered principles which, if follow- "His interest was not in meta-ed. would lead to actions that physles. His primary interest everyone knew to be wrong, or was in conduct. Yet It was not failed to cover actions that every- the interest simply of a practical one know to be right. moralist who wants to make man better. He wanted to make them belter by a particular method-by getting them to think about moral questions; not to follow blindly the endes and conventions of their times, but to see for themselves why they should behave In this way and not in that.

"He wanted, as Aristotle says, to reason about conduct, and in order to reach truth by reasoning) he saw that he must get a secure starting-point for reasoning,

"In order to know how we should act in this situation or in that," Dr. Ross added, he saw that we must have general prin- ciples, not merely accepted, but known to be true, and these general principles he envisaged as definitions. definitions of virtue and of its main kinds,"

A FOUNDER OF LOGIC. In pursuit of moral truth there was good evidence that Socrates practised a somewhat elaborate technique, and, in so far as he reflected on his own technique, he becante a logician, counted and might fairly be

the among

founders of that science, as well as the founders of ethics.

It seemed to him (Dr. Ross) highly probable that Socrates was the first person who brought into Greek thought the nation of the noul, not as a pale ghost-like entity associated especially with dreams and with death, but as the whole spiritual part of our being.

"In any case," he continued, "it remains true that it was Socrates that set philosophy upon the path which Plato and Aristotle follow- Ho saw that many current ated, and that, through them, he be tempts at definition were faulty came one of the most powerful in- in that they merely enumerated fluences on all subsequent philo- Insances of virtuous conduct sophical thinking."

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