1930-11-27 — Page 9

THE HONGKONG

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TELEGRAPH. THURSDAY,

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.

(Continued from Puac 7.) Mr. Kotewalls' Speech. The Hon. Mr. R. H. Kotewall origin and then sketchad the growth of the League's work. He said:

and

Chairman, Indies Mr. gentlemen-Most of you have no doubt some knowledge of the prin- ciples and work of the tague of Nations; nevertheless I have been requested by

the

NOVEMBER

27, 1930.

time she was able to balance her budget and stabilise har cur- roncy.

In 1924, similar assistanco was afforded Hungary, which was the means of converting a deflelt in her budget lato a substantial aur- plus in the short space of one year.

After

Another great service which the dengue has rendered to humanity In its work in resculug the Greek refugees, numbering about a mil lion, who were displaced from Aala Minor and Enstern Thrace the Turkish victories over Greece In 1922. One Intereating side- Аніл Minor has been the introduction into Grecca of the famous art of Oriental rug-weaving

mittee to give nining Com issue of this exodus from

account of its origin, growth and activities for the benefit of those who are not so well informed, and whose of sympathetic interest it in one of the purposes of this inaugura meeting to awaken. To give that account in however inadequate a manner will take a little time. but I know I can count upon your patience and forbearance in view of the importance of the subject. The League of Nations came into January. existence on the 10th 1920, when the first of the Peara Treaties between the Allied Powers and Germany was ratißed. Reared on the ruins of the Great War, its main purpose is to "out- law war. Its declared objecta are to promote international co eperation, to achieve peace and security throughout the world by the reduction of armaments, the settlement of international affairs by conference, the removal of the of war, and the promotion of better

understanding and friendly co-operation among the nations. 1 is non-sectarian and non-racial, alt questions being dealt with according to facts and their merita.

CAUACA

On a smaller acale, but with equal success, almilar succour was extended to Bulgarian refugees in

the same year.

The Locarno Treaties. Another outstanding example of the League's Influence in the direc- tion of peace is found in the Locarno Treaties, which are baned on

Germany

the Lengue's idea of mutual guarantee against aggression, of settlement of disputes by arbitra- tlon and other pacific means, and of co-operation in the work for disarmament. Two years later came the Kellog Pact, aigned by America, the United States of Great Britain, France, and other countries. In this Pact. the High Contructing Parties de- clared that they condemned wor for the solution of international controversies, and that they re- nounced war as an instrument of national policy. They farthor agreed that the settlement or molu. tion of all disputes or conflicts of whatever nature should never be Bought except by pacifs means. The League has been in opera-The Five-Power Naval Conference tion for ten years, and is daily of 1930 han resulted in substantial. advancing in strength and pre-reductions in naval armaments, stige. It has come to he univer sally recognised as being the one organisation best fitted to serve the peace of the world, and to advance the welfare and pro- sperlly of mankind.

Fifty-four Nations.

pre-

The principal organisations of

and it should help to hasten the reduction of other arms.

But above all these achiero- ments, great as they are. Is the League's success in averting at least two wars In Europe, and of settling many serious interational it has Its membership comprises fifty-quarrels. For example.

been instrumental in settling dis- four nations which include more than three-fourths of the popula- putes between Sweden and Fin- tion of the world. Though the land over the Aaland Islanda; be- United States of America and tween Italy and Greece over Corfu: Itussin are not members, they have between Greece and Bulgaria over

frontier Incident;

between to several ja sent representatives conferences summoned by the Turkey and Iraq over the boundary League to discuss matters respect in Mosul; and between England over Poland and ing disarmament, economics and and France

British nationals in Tunis. The Bacial progress.

settlement of these disputes and controversies has been effected by the or con- arbitration, mediation,

threat of economic pressure.

This list of achievements Is long and imposing, and should awaken in you now hope (2) The Council, which is ecru.

for posed of five permanent members, mankind. The good the League

amelyapan and Germany:

Great Britain, France, has done presages a bright future,

and

But the task before it is stupen- Italy, nine non-permanent members from dous; the road to be traversed is the smaller countries, who are still long and difficult. It is, how-

ever, my firm coon that the i olected triennially.

ultimately. (3) The Permanent Court of In-goal will be

It ternational

Justice. comprising fifteen judges drawn from Afteen countries, whose duty in to hear and determine disputes of an in- Jernational character.

the Longue are:

(1) The Assembly which sists of representatives from the Member-states, each of which hus one vote.

secure

and

(4) The International Labour Organisation, whose purpose is to

and maintain fair humane conditions of labour for men, women and children, and the well-being-physical, mora! and intellectual of industrial wage. earners.

will be reached earlier if the Leagoo has behind it the informed Judgment of the common wople of every country, Do not belittle your own power and influence in This matter. By a resolute will to peace, strengthened by intelligent and organfaed effort, you will secure lasting peace. A solidarity of purpose is bound to win oal. Sometinies those in Authority are able for a time to ignore or even defy public opinion, but in the end the will of the (5) The Secretariat, which has

in a staff of over three hundred men people must provali. Happily, and women of some thirty different this great movement the governors ofare at one with the governed, antionalities. The efficiency

The one needs, and asks for, the this organisation, aptly called The The Taternational Civil Service', has co-operation and support of the won the admiration and respect of ather. Viscount Cecil of Chel- wood, who has probably done more all those who know its work.

for the League in a practical way The manifold tasks devolving

than any other living man, ence on the League have necessitated tha the erention

anld: "The League of Nations of various auxiliary

the will bodies which can be broadly divid. exists to manke effective

to peace of the peoples of the ed into two classes. namely, Technical Organisations for deal-World. Unless there is that will Ins with

of Health for its existence. That is why it to peace, the League has no reason ing Economics,

and Transit: and Advisory Commissions

rightly Bald to be based on for dealing with questions of Arma- public opinion. That is why thore ments, Mandatos, Traffic in Harm-e such an urgent call to promote ful Drugs, in Women and Chil- the League of Nations Society and

kindred

societies here and dren, Slavery, Child Welfare, and abroad."

It Ja in answer to this: call that the local Society is being Lenguo's Accomplishments.

formed. I ask you to join it, and These, then, are the aims and to help in furthering ita noble framework of the League of Na-alms. tione. But what has it accom- plished during its ten years of existence? Let me cite the more important of its achievements.

Intellectual Co-operation.

High. Ideals. Some people might say that the ideals of the League are chimerica! In 1920 the League saved Europe and atopian, that man is a fight- from an epidemic of typhus which ing animal, and that so long as became prevalent in several cout human nature remains what it is, tries after the return from Eastern there will always be war. My Europe of the Baldiers and answer is that the League ie fut prisoners of war who carried from being fantastic and imprac with them this fell disease as well ticable. High as its ideale uu- កម

cholera and malaria. The doubtedly are. It has already very. League set up posts for disinfecoild and important achievements tlon, vaccination and Inoculation, | behind it, as I have shown you. and the

in end saved, more lives it had done nothing else, the pre- than were lost in the war. vention of at least two wars by Austrin, in 1922, was threatened its efforts should be more than with firinncial rain: the country sufficient Justification for its ex- had been impoverished by the war, fatence. It is true, that the wars her currency had hopelessly de- thus averted might not have been preciated, she was unable to pay bly wars but, as our painful ex- for the raw materials to keep har | porlenco tells us, a small war can industries

going, or even to pay easily become a big one. Who can the salaries and wages of her large say that If the League of Natious army of civil” servanta, The had been in existence before Lengua came to her rescue by August 1914, the Great War might

THE NATION'S SIGHT NEEDS OSRAM LIGHT malagher a large external loun, not, linve been everted?

I

and actively assisting her in put- It is true, too, that nations, and ting her finances on a sound foot- | even regional, authorities in the Ing, with the result that in a short (Continued on Rage 10.)

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