1919-08-05 — Page 2

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ES IN WAY

RATTLES UNDERGROUND:

A correspondent of the Spame Herald writes →→→

To chat with Lieutenant- Colonel (Professor) David, CMG, § D.SO. Chief Geologist to the British armies on the western front, to be carried with him on the wrings of science out on to the battlefields, to enjoy the intimacy and encyclopaedic range of his talk about scientific wonters in regard to which hitherto you have been blindly groping in the dark, if you have not beep entirely ignorant of them-it is all a delightful experience. There is a fascination not only in his theme but in his conversa- tion. The dry bones of geology, for instance, be robes with a pic- turesque dressing which per- suades the conviction that scientists can be at times delight- fully interesting to the lay mind. Sitting in his office at the University recently, Colonel

David took up the thread of the story published on Anzac Day.

"While," he said, "during the earlier phases of the war, by land or by sea, little attention was at. first paid to the importance, of scientific investigation and dis- covery it daily became more apparent as the war progressed that scientific invention, far from being an almost negligible factor, was of the most vital consequence, "especially in the matter "of anti- submarine devices. Mention may here be made of "the fact

that the actual work

of firing the 19 immense guns at Messines was arranged almost. entirely by Major R. V. Morse, D.S.O., an engineer in the New South Wales Government Tram- ways Department. The firing) was actually done with machin- ery which he had taken with him from Sydney. He and his. company did invaluable work along the whole of British

front, from Nieuport, on the sea, to the Somme. All the principal tunnels for mining. subways, some of them over half a mile in length for the delivery and transport of infantry, and hundreds of deep dug-outs for the accommodation of infantry, were electrically lighted, ventilated, and kept dry with. electrical pamps by means of machinery taken from Australia. The work of maintaining the electric cables, which were constantly being broken by German shellfire, was naturally very hazardous; buL nevertheless, even in cases of such heavy barrages as the enemy put over at Givenchy-the key to the important town of Bethune the broken wires were always repaired without any loss of time.

Had this not been done the electric pumps would have been permanently out of action, and the vast underground workings, which alone helped us to retain our hold of Givenchy, would have been quickly inundated. Major Morse was specially compliment ed for the fine work of this kind done by bis company at the tak- ing of Vimy Ridge, on April 9, 1917 at the taking of Messines on June 7th, 1917 and during the heroic defence of Givenchy through out the summer of 1918

"THE EARTH LISTENER." Colonel David went speak of the geophone-" the earth listener." His story is best told in his own words: In re- gard to the taking of Messines. it may be mentioned that the suc cess of the British mining was due largely to the high pitch of perfection to which the art of listening underground, so as to locate the exact position of the enemy counter-mines, had been carried. The work of deciding by experiment what was the best

listening type of

on to

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enemy working with the pick in a counter-mine. He raised his head and listened, and could then hear nothing. Upon replacing his ear on the water-bottle he again heard sounds. distinctly. This ex- perience having been confirmed by his officer, the matter was re- ported to headquarters, and experiments were at once mada with various liquids. It was found eventually that the best results were given by mercury. In the delicate

When the

WOMENGEN

ATTIRE

and women, BOODS

of having denounced resident Bron:End other to was to the Germans and causing, several to be shot was resumed in Paris recently the reading of the îns dictment of 150 pages, was com pleted. Several of the accused fapeared to be more cast down than yesterday." There is no doubting the misery depicted on their faces. The women arrest attention. Some are elegantly attired and have shown good taste in the selection of their millinery others are bareheaded and modestly clad. Thomas, a German police agent, who is alleged to have recruited some of these unhappy people to do his bidding, is a thick, square-jawed man. His attitude is one of un-

& one of! bending rigidity PURNA In marked contrast is - Toque, the principal accused. He is a amall man, dark and bald, and does not look as clever as his many-sided activities on behalf of the German Army of Occupa-" tion-he is alleged to have been the brain of the espionage move- Iment and one of the leading con- tributors to the Gazette des Ardennes-might lead one to suppose. His wife, Alice Runtz young and dark and very

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attitude about Alice Aubert, to whom is attributed the most odious cimes. The indictment alleges that it was through her action that a Mayor and his assistant and several soldiers were shot. Not a muscle in her face moves as the reading of the indictment proceeds. Altogether something like 200 witnesses will be heard in this sordid affair.

and men trained by Major Pol- lock, but also all those of the Canadian and the Imperial com. panies who took part in the making of the Messines mines." UNDER THE ENEMY'S TRENCHES.

Colonel David spoke of certain other special apparatus used by the Australian Mining Corps.

"Before leaving Australia in February, 1916." he said, "Cap- tain Stanley Hunter, of the Geological Survey of Victoria, de- signed some powerful drills to ba driven by hand. They were known as wombat drills, and were manufactured partly in Mel- bourne and partly in Sydney. Many of them were made at the Government tramway workshops at Randwick. They were cap- able of boring holes six inches"

diameter

distance

listening in- strument the geophone. the mercury was enclosed in a small cylindrical box, shaped like the case of an aneroid. In order to use this instrument the operator would place it in contact with the Bock or clay, as the case might be.in of the end or side. or floor of. the tannel and would insert in his ears' small rubber tubes, which connected with the case of the geophone, The instrument was exceedingly sensitive, even to the faintest sounds; and al- though the enemy attempted, to make his mines as noiselessly as possible, he could be heard dis- tinctly, often, at a distance of 300ft, or more in the solid chalk rock, or at a distance of from 150 to 200 feet, in clay. The first observation, if successful, would show exactly from what direction the enemy mine was approach- ing."

SCIENTIFIC TRIUMPH. But it would not give the exact distance of it away from the observer. The difficulty was surmounted.

to a of 200ft. in a horizontal dir- ection, and to a distance of at the least 300ft, vertically. Prior to the capture of Vimy. Ridge on April 9th, 1917, Captain Hunter put in five of these bores from the ends of the long tunnels or subways where infantry were lying in wait to open a great attack. These subways had been tunnelled out of the solid chalk with about 30ft. of cover, over them. The subways, preparatory

to the, boring, were incline the

wards at their blind ends until cover was reduced to about 16ft.. and then a chamber wasexcavated to the size of about 6ft. by 7ft Wombat boring machines were then introduced, and Sia. bores were made to a length of about 200ft. in. No Man's Land up to and in some cases under "In order to get the distance," the enemy's front trenches. The says Colonel David, "it was tofal time occupied in boring wàs necessary to move the geophone about two days. The bores were to another part of the tunnel or then loaded withcartridges to a neighbouring tunnel and 51⁄2in. în diameter, charged with listen again and determine a high explosive, ammonal. Of the direction to the enemy's these five bores, three were mine from this second point specially utilised, chiefly near These first and second points Neuville St Vanst. The cart- where the observations were tak ridges were fired at zero very en constituted the ends of a base early in the morning of April 9th. line, the exact length of which and theexplosions formed instant- could easily be calculated; andły wide trenches like small rail- the point where the two directionsway cuttings, 25ft. vide at the in which the enemy was heard surface, 14ft, deep, and about, tunnelling, intersected, would 255ft. long. These thus formed show the exact spot where the end deep protecting trenches for the of the enemy's mine was at the troops, who now swarmed out of time situated. In order to make | the ends of the subways, and the the determination still more leading troops attacked through HOW IT ORIGINATED,

accurate, the geophone was them, reaching the The best type of listening often moved to a third place, trenches with › very litt apparatus," Colonel David, tells and 藤 third observation Hindbed" - Thế enemy of you was known as the geo was taken. If the direc occasion made. 80.little phane. The principle of this-ition obtained from this thirusinfance that the stated to have been discovered observation also passed through of the troope had no need to get HERE ARE ** 30 || accidentally, by a Hywash kannaléz, the point of intersection indicatedő, under cover, but wez

THE

(Established A. D. 1880.) ~~|||LONDON DIRECTORY.

HING LUNGST.

Phon515

MEE CHEUNG

ARTISTIC PHOTOGRAPHER PORTRAITS TAKEN IN ANY STYLE DESIRED:

-SUPPLIES-09

with Provincial & Foreign Sections, --> cable traders to or mmtinidada dirnet with -** MANUFACTURERS & DEALERS in London and in' the 'Prostorial Towns and Industrial Centres of the United Kingdom and The Centist of, Boops., The nẩment, nädromen und other details ido diawasi at under more than 4,000 trade bendings, including

- EXPORT MERCHANTS · with detached partienters of the Gondar isipped and the Dolomit and Foreign Markata strpplied; KOKOROMETHANDHÓIN LINERS Miramond under the Porte to which they mất, sadt indicading the appearinste Zallings.

Odsinch BUSINESS HANDS of Vízvus žesizing to arbeid in de gounestions, or, Tendo Loads of2.

apparatus, and of them in structing the officers, the non- coms., and the men of runnelling companies in the use of such apparatus was entrusted entirely to Major J. A. Pollock. F.R.S. Professor of Physics at the Uni- versity of Sydney, as far as the second British army, which con- ducted the attack at Messines, was concerned. He organised an experimental laboratory, and training school near Poperinghe, to the west of Ypres. From there, as a centre, he would make fre- quent visits to our front line tunnels in the Ypres salient, in order to test, his listening, ap- paratus practically."."

whe had gone to slený, with chist

to his tin water-

as bidon by the

by the first, and the second fobservations, the proof was clear that the enemy had heap, located with great

over the top. The onic on the result of these plosions at the tin

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