1919-06-03 — Page 3

POLITICAL CRISIS IN NORWAY.

CAUSED BY SPELLING' REFORM.

Christianis, April 7.—The Stort- ing this evening voted on the] motions relating to the measure, for spelling reform which involves the further modification of the Danish system of spelling, with es view to bringing the official orthography more into line with Norwegian usage and phonetics. A proposal that the reforms should not be put into force was rejected by 68 to 58 votes.

The Government motion, which favoured the reform scheme. but recommends certain amendments to it, resulted in a tie of 63 votes for and 63 against, the President's casting vote deciding the matter in favour of the motion. The matter, which is regarded as er- ́ercising great influence on the course of Norwegian polities, was ultimately adjourned till late in the session-Reuter:

**The controversy over spell- ing reform, is in effect, a branch of the language controversy. ..which has been bitterly fought in Norway for some 50 years: Under the 400 years" union with Denmark Norwegian was prac tically suppressed as a literary language, and was superseded by Danish. It continued to be spoken in the various dialects by the peasants, and in the middle of the last century Ivar Aasen, a peasant-born philo gist of geaius, published & grammar and dictionary of the dialects, and put forward a scheme for a new Norwegian language constructed from the best of the surviving dialects. He himself wrote both, prose and poetry in the new language, to which the name of Landsmaal (country language) was given. The movement quickly found ad- herents. Aosmund Vinje, one ef the earliest, and Arne Garborg are the best known, but it can count only comparatively few authors of much eminence..

The movement gained strength from the growing spirit of nationalism. The Liberals made the Landsmaal an item in their political programme, and 1 series of laws have now made both Landsmaal and Riksmaal (the ordinary language) compulsory subjects of study in "the States schools. Some of the most eminent Norwegian writers have opposed the movement. Bjornson attacked it energetical- ly: Ibeen's bitter satire at its expense in Peer Gynt is well known.

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競 But, in spite of the ex-

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the language by the addition of many words from the dialects. and has given it a more national stamp.

Moderate men have looked to a gradual approximation between the two forms of the language to remove a controversy which ex- cites.so muchbitterness and wastes so much energy. Gradual changes. especially the spelling reform measure of 12 years ago, have tended in this direction. The authors of the new measure claim that the proposed changes, which apply, though not in equal measure. to both Riksmael and. Landsmaal will help in bringing to an end the present conflict. its opponents declare that the changes are practically all in favour of the Landsmaal, and - are inspired by desire, to destroy by legislative action the Riksmaal. which has shown its superiority as a living language. The proposals are believed to have been a factor in the losses suffered by the Government at the General Elec- tion last autumn, and the Minis try's persistence may probably be attributed to the Minister of Public Instruction, who is a strong supporter of the Land smaal.

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