1915-05-12 — Page 5

a.

The following communication has been received by his Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for

·Foreign Affairs:

Walter Hines Page."

Brt, KG, &c., &c., &c,

(Enclosure.)

of

I

flop.

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH WEDNESDAY, MAY 12, 1915.

E

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THE ALLIES REPRISALS. breach of blockade, much less to the belligerent maintaining the

detention, requisition, or confisca blockade since the right would DAIRY FARM NEWS.

remain with the blockading vessela Moreover, the rules of the to visit and search all ships either American Government's Reply | Declaration of Paris of 1856, on entering or leaving the neutral among them that free ships make | territory which they were in fact free goods, will hardly at the day but not of right investing.

The Government of the United be disputed by the signatories of

Slates notes that in the Order that solemn agreement.

His Majesty's Government, in Council his Majesty's. Gov- like the Government of the United emment give as their reason tes, have often and explicitly for entering upon a coures of London, April 2, 1015 Sir, Persuant to instructions held that these rights represent action which they are aware is from my Government I have, the the best usage of warfare in the without precedent in modern war- honour to transmit to you the en-dealings of belligerante, with fare the necessity they conceiva olored communication, which neutrals at sea. In this connection themselves to have been placed. have received by telegraph from desire to direct attention to the under to retaliate upon their en- the Secretary of State..

opicion of the Chief Justice of the emies for measures of a similar, I am instructed at the same time United States in the case of the nature which the latter have ar to repeat to his Majesty's Govern- Peterhof, wbioh arose out of the nounced it their intention to ment the earnest assurance that Civil War, and to, the fact that adopt, and which they have to This statement of the views of the that opinion was unanimously some extent adopted; but the Government of the United States enttained in the award of the Government of the United States, is made in the most friendly Arbitration Commission of 1871, recalling the principles upon spirit and in accordance with the to which the case was presented which his Majesty's Government uniform candour by which the at the request of Great Britain, have hitherto been sorupulous to relations of the two Governments From that time to the Declaration art, interprets this as merely a have in the past been characterised, of London of 1909, adopted with reason for certain extraordinary and to which in large measure modifications by the Order in setivities on the part of his Ma are due the peace and amity Council of October 23 last, these jesty's naval forces and not as an existing withcat interrupion for a rights have not been seriously excuse for or prelude to any un

war or goods destined to or pro- are violated or their free exercise contury between the two nations. questioned by the British Govern- lawful action. If the course por ceeding from porte within the interfered by the authorities

I have the honour to be, with the west. No less claim on the part sued by the present enemies of belligerent lerritory affect of the British Government." highest consideration, Sir, poor of Great Britain of any justifions Great Britain should prove to be

The Government of the United tion for interfering with these in fact tainted by illegality and States assumes with the greatest most obedient, humble servant.

clear rights of the United States disregard of the principles of confidence that his Majesty's The Right Hon. Si:: Edward Groy, and its citizens as meatrals could war sanctioned by enlightened Government will thus adjust their The opinions expressed by the badmitted. To admit it would natione, it cannot be supposed, practice to the recognised rules correspondents are not necess be to assume an attitude of un-and the Government does not for of international law, because it is arily those of the "Hongkong" The Government of the United neutrality towards the present a monent suppose, that his manifest that the British Govern-

Telegraph," States has given careful considers enemies of Great Britain which Majesty's Government would wieb ment have adopted an extraordin- IMPERIAL ARMS OF GERMANY tion to the subjecte treated in the would be obviously inconsistent the same faint to attach to their ary method of "stopping cargoes British Notes of March 13 end with the solema obligations of own actions, or would cite such destined for or coming from the March 15, and to the British Or the Government in the present illegal acte as in any 80060 or enemies' territory" which owing To the Editor of the Hongkong der in Council of the latter date. circumstances; and for Great degree a justification for similar to the existence of unusual condi- These communicati is contain-Britain to make such a claim practions on their part in so far tions in modern warfare nt sea it

(Telegraph.) Sir-Is it not about time that od matters of grave importance would be for her to abandon and as they can affect neutral rights. will be difficult to restrict to the the Imperial Arm of Germany It is thus that the Government limits which have been heretofore were removed from the face of to neutral nations. They appear set at naught the principles for to menace their rights of trade which she has consistently and of the United States interprets the required by the law of nations. The Deutson Asiatische Bank in and intercourse, sot only with earnestly contended in other times language of the Note of his Majos Though the area of operations is Queen's Road, ( German Govern- ty's Secretary of State for Foreign confined to "European waters, ment Building). It is a sight belligerents, but also with one and circumstances.

The Note of his Majesty'e Prin- Affairs which accompanies the including the Mediterranean," so that must be strongly resented comment in order that misaader- cipal Secretary of State for Foreign copy of the Order in Council great an area of the high sens is by all right thinking people another. They call for frank standing may be avoided. The Affairs which accompanies the which was handed to the Ambas covered and the cordon of ships walking 'up' or down Government of the United States Order in Council, and which beare sador of the United States near is so distant from the territory Battery

· Path, where R deems is its duty, therefore, the same date, notifies the Grethe Government, in London and affected that neutral vessels must good view can be had of these speaking in the sincerest spirit vernment of the United States of by him transmitted to Washing necessarily pass through the loathsowe escutcheons. ''The friendship, is make its own view the establishment of a blockade ton.

blockading force in order to ranch German with his asual consum- This Government notes with important neutral ports which mate insolence took a delight in and position with regard to them which is, if defined by the terms

of the Order in Council, to include gratification that "wide discretion Great Britain as a belligerent has plastering his State buildings in unmistakable and clear.

in of March all the cosets and ports of Gers ifforded to the Frizs Court in not the legal right to blockade foreign countries, and our Co- The Order in Cennoil of Me its many and every port of possible dealing with the trade of neutrale and which, therefore, it is pre-lonios, with his Imperial Arme.

in such manner as may in the cir-amed she has no intention of A Ohinese blacksmith would provisions to be actually carried access to enemy territory.

But the novel and quite unpre- cumat. Does be deemed just, and claiming to blockade, into effact 28 they stood,

remove these emblems of "Kul- practica! 888erlion of cedented feature of that blockade, that fall provision is made to The Scandinavian and Danish tur" in a short time, and so rid anlimited belligerent rights over if we are to assume it to be pro-facilitate claims made by paraons ports, for example, are opened to the Colony forever, I hope, of neutral commerce within the whole perly so defined, is that it em- interested in any goods placed in American trade; they are also such an eyesore. European area, and an atmest un braces many neutral porte and the custody of the Marshal of the free so far as the actual enforce- qualified denial of the sovereign cosets, bars access to shem, and Prize Court under the Order,"

ment of the Order in Council is rights of the nations now at peace. bubjects all neutral abipe secking that the effect of the Order in

This Government takes it for to approach them to the same Council is to confer certain powers German Baltic ports, although it LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. granted that there can be no ques- suspicion that would attach to upon the executive officers of his is an essential element of blockade ou what those rights are. A them were they bound for the Majesty's Government," and that that it bears with equal soverity nation's sovereignty over its own ports of the enemies of Great the extent to which these powers upon all neutrale.

A Meeting of the connell is ships and citizens under its own Britain, and to unusual risks and will be actually exercised and the This Government, therefore, called for Thursday, 13th May, Ang on the high seas in time of penalties.

A degree of severity with which infers that the commsaders of his 1915, at 2.30 p.m.

measures of blockade Majesty's ships of war engaged in

Orders of the day include the. peace is, of course, unlimited. It is manifest that such limita- the

will be And that sovereignty suffers notions, risks, and liabilities placed authorised

Put maintaining teo-called block following. diminution in times of war except upon the ships of a neutral Power into operation are matters which ade will be is ructed to avoid First reading of a Bill intituled in so far as the practice and con- on the high seas, beyond the right will depoud on the administrative an enforcement of the proposed An Ordinance 20, amend the sent of civilised nations have of visit and search and the right crder issued by the Government measures of not-interaonras in Dentistry Ordinance, 1914 limited it by the recognition of to prevent the shipment of con- and the decisions of the authori such a way as to impose restric Second reading of the Bill in- Certain now clearly determined crabad already referred to are a ties especially charged with the tions upon neutral trade more tituled An Ordinance to authorise rights which it is conceded may distinct invasion of the sovereign duty of dealing with individual burdensome than thom which the Appropration of a Supplement- be exercised by nations which are rights of the nations whose ships, ships and cargoes according to the have been regarded as inevitable ary Sum of Seven hundred and

trade, or commerce is interfered merits of each cave." This

when the p:ria of a belligerent eighty-seven thousand two hand- A belligerent nation has been with,

Gavernment further notes with are actually blockaded by the red and fifty-two Dollars and conceded the right of visit The Government of the United equal satisfaction the declaration ships of its enemy.

twenty-two hundred and fifty-two and search, and the right of States is, of course, not oblivions of the British Government shat

Tho possibilities of serious in Dolare and twenty-six Cents, to and

condemnation to the great changes which have the instructions to be issued by terruption of American trade an- defray the Coarges of the Year upon examination neutral coourred in the conditions and his Majesty's Government to the trade- 101,4 vessel is found to be engaged means of naval warfare since the Fleet and to the Customs officials

Secord reading of the Bill in- the methods proposed are many, in unneutral service or to be rules hitherto governing legal and "executive committees conundenal and seem liable to contituled An Ordinance to amend carrying contraband of warintend- blockade were formulated. It cerned will impress upon them stiluis so grest an impegni the Trading with the Enemy od for the enemy's Government might be ready to admit that the the duty of acting with the utmost and embarrassment to neutral Ordinance, 1914, and for purposes or armed forces. It has been form of "Close" blockade with its despatob consistent with the object commerce, that the Government connected therewith. conceded the right to establish cordon of ships in the immediate in view, and of showing in every of the United States, if the Order Second reading of the Bill in- and maintain a blockade of an offing of the blockade ports is no CEO such consideration for Council je sirictly enforced, tituled An Ordinance to amend enemy's ports and coasts, and to longer practicable in the face of an neutrals as may be compatible apprehends many interferences the Bating Ordivance, 1901 capture and condemn any vessel enemy possessing the means and with that object, which in tuc with its legitimate trade which Second reading of the Bill taken in trying to break the block opportunity to make an effective cinctly stated, to establish a will impose upon his Majesty's intituled An Ordinance to pro- ade. It is even conceded the defence by the use of submarines, blockade to prevent vessels from Government heavy responsibili vide for the levy of Estate Daty right to detain and take to its mines, and aircraft; but it can carrying goods for or coming ties for acts of the British Au- payable in respect of the catated own ports for judicial examina hardly be maintained that, what from Germany.thorities clearly subversive of the of deceased persons, tion all vessels which it suspects ever form of effective blockade In view of these assurances rights of neutral actions on the Committes on the Bill inituled for substantial reasons to be eng-may be made use of it is impos formally given to this Government high seas. It is therefore An Ordinance to amend and con, foged in anneutral or contraband sible to conform at least to the it is confidently expected that theerted that his Majesty's solidate the law relating to service, and to condemn them if spirit and principles of the essence extensive powers conferred by Government, having considered Chinese Passenger Ships 20 the suspicion is sustained. But of the rules of war. If the the Order in Council on the these possibilitica, will take defined by the Chinese Passen- anch rights, long clearly defined necessities of the case should seem executive officers of the Crown steps necessary to avoid them, gers Act, 1865, and concerning both in doctrine and practics, to render it imperative that the will be restricted by orders and in the event that they un Asiatic Emigrants generally bave hitherto been held to be the cordon, of blockading vessels be issued by the Government" happily occur will be prepared to only permissible exceptions to extended across the approaches to directing the exercise of their make fall reparation for every the principle of equality of any neighbouring neutral port or discretionary powers in such a not which under the rales of in- Bovereignty on the high seas as country, it would seem clear that manner as to modify in practical ternational law constitutes a viola- between belligerents and nations it would still be easily practicable application those provisions of Los cf miniral rights. A not engaged in wɛI.

to comply with the well recogni the Order in Council which if

As stated in its communication FOR SALE-2 New Comet It is confidently assumed that od and reasonable prohibition of strictly enforced would violate his Majesty's Government will international law against the neutral rights and interrupt of October 22, 1914, this Gov Motor Cycles, 1-5 HF, twin not deny at once that it is a rule blokading of neutral ports by legitimate trade. Relying on the ernment will insist that the rights cylinder Indian. Just over haul- view at DRAGON MOTOR CAR Banctioned by general practice according free admission and exit faithful performances of those and duties of the United States od and in first class order, on that even though a blockade to all lawful traffic with neutral voluntary Resurances by his and its citizens in the present war Co Tel. 488 should exist sad the doctrine of ports through the blockading Majesty Government, the United be defined by the existing rules contraband es to unblockaded cordon. This traffic would, of Stater takes it for granted that of international law and the territory be rigidly enforced, course, include all outward bound the approach of American mer- treaties of the United States, traffic from the neutral country chantmen to nentral portssituated irrespective of the provisions innocent shipments may be freely a transported to and from the and all inward bound traffic to upon the long line of coast affect of the Declaration of London, and United States through neutral the neutral country except con- ed by the Order in Gunneil will that this Government reserves to not be interfered with when it is steel the right to enter a protest, countries to belligerents territory fraband in transit to the enem

ithout being subject to the Soch prosedure need not conflict known that shey do not carry or demand in each case in wu penalties of contraband traffic or in any respect with the rights of goods which are contraband of those rights and duties so defin

at war.

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